RESUMEN
Objective: This study aimed to explore the risk factors, metabolic characteristics, and potential biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-MCI) and to provide potential evidence for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 103 patients with T2DM were recruited from the Endocrinology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University for inclusion in the study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was utilized to evaluate the cognitive functioning of all patients. Among them, 50 patients were categorized into the T2DM-MCI group (MoCA score < 26 points), while 53 subjects were classified into the T2DM without cognitive impairment (T2DM-NCI) group (MoCA score ≥ 26 points). Serum samples were collected from the subjects, and metabolomics profiling data were generated by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). These groups were analyzed to investigate the differences in expression of small molecule metabolites, metabolic pathways, and potential specific biomarkers. Results: Comparison between the T2DM-MCI group and T2DM-NCI group revealed significant differences in years of education, history of insulin application, insulin resistance index, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and creatinine levels. Further binary logistic regression analysis of the variables indicated that low educational level and low serum IGFBP-3 were independent risk factor for T2DM-MCI. Metabolomics analysis revealed that differential expression of 10 metabolites between the T2DM-MCI group and T2DM-NCI group (p < 0.05 and FDR<0.05, VIP>1.5). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid degradation was the most significant pathway. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:0 exhibited greater diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion: This study revealed that a shorter duration of education and lower serum IGFBP-3 levels are independent risk factors for T2DM-MCI. Serum metabolites were found to be altered in both T2DM-MCI and T2DM-NCI groups. T2DM patients with or without MCI can be distinguished by LPC 18:0. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a significant role in the development of MCI in T2DM patients.
RESUMEN
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, composite materials with outstanding performance in terms of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and strain sensing are crucial for next-generation smart wearable electronic devices. However, the fabrication of flexible composite films with dual functionality remains a significant challenge. Herein, multifunctional flexible composite films with exciting EMI shielding and strain sensing properties were constructed using a facile vacuum-assisted filtration process and transfer method. The films consisted of ultrathin AgNW/MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/AgNW conductive networks (1 µm) attached to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The obtained AgNW/MXene/PDMS composite film exhibited an exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness of 50.82 dB and good flexibility (retaining 93.67 and 90.18% of its original value after 1000 bending and stretching cycles, respectively), which are attributed to the enhanced multilayer internal reflection network created by the AgNWs and MXene as well as the synergistic effect of PDMS. Besides EMI shielding, the composite films also displayed remarkable strain sensing properties. They exhibited a wide linear range of tensile strain up to 68% with a gauge factor of 468. They also showed fast response, ultralow detection limit, and high mechanical stability. Interestingly, the composite films could also detect motion and voice recognition, demonstrating their potential as wearable sensors. This study highlights the effectiveness of multifunctional flexible AgNW/MXene/PDMS composite films in resisting electromagnetic radiation and monitoring human motion, thereby providing a promising solution for the development of flexible wearable electronic devices in complex electromagnetic environments.