RESUMEN
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare in Central Nigeria where it represents 1.7% of all cancers. The prevalence rate is 4 per 100,000 and the male: female ratio is 2:1. Most tumours occur on the left side than the right (4:1) and the mean age at the time of presentation is 44.4 years. Undifferentiated and non-keratinizing carcinomas represent 60% of cases, while well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 40%.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/epidemiología , Carcinoma/patología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nigeria/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Observations on nineteen cases of foreign bodies in the air passages have been presented. These mostly got lodged in the right bronchus (42.1%) and larynx (36.8%) while the commonest presenting complaint was respiratory distress. As many as 57.9 percent of our cases were aged two years or less. Large foreign bodies (above 20mm. size) were held up in the oropharynx; irregular and pointed medium sized objects (8-15mm) got stuck in the larynx while small, smooth or linear ones descended to the right bronchus. Absence of positive history, inconsistent clinical features and radiolucency of objects caused difficulty in diagnosis. Slow induction and laryngeal or bronchial spasm during anaesthesia, and fragmentation or impaction of the foreign body posed problems during endoscopic removal. Subglottic, tracheal or laryngeal inlet mucosal oedema were observed after removal of foreign body in six cases. A plea has been made to have a high degree of suspicion of foreign bodies in every child with respiratory symptoms of sudden onset. Endoscopy at the earliest has been recommended for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/terapia , Broncoscopía/métodos , Cuerpos Extraños/terapia , Sistema Respiratorio , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/diagnóstico por imagen , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpos Extraños/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Inhalación , Masculino , Nigeria/epidemiología , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Seventy three cases of histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer were observed over a period of three years. The commonest sites affected, in order of frequency were neck region, nose and paranasal sinuses, salivary glands and nasopharynx. Head and neck cancer occurred more often in males and in the third and fourth decades of life. Muslim and Christian Communities were affected most equally. Histopathologically, carcinomas predominated over sarcomas with lymphomas occurring in between. The pattern of head and neck cancer in the plateau State has been compared with that reported from Oyo State of Nigeria, some other African countries and Manipur State of India.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Altitud , Niño , Preescolar , Cristianismo , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/clasificación , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Incidencia , Islamismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Nigeria/epidemiología , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Two cases of fungal infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses by rhinophycomycosis and actinomycosis are reported. The clinical diagnoses in both cases were wrong and in one of them, a malignancy was suspected. These cases are the first to be reported from Central Nigeria. The authors feel that fungal granuloma should be included on the differential diagnoses list for patients with swellings of the nose and paranasal sinuses in this environment.
Asunto(s)
Micosis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Errores Diagnósticos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Micosis/microbiología , Nigeria , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Foreign bodies in the food passages are quite common in Jos Community. Majority of 119 cases seen over a period of four years were children 92.4% and a coin was the commonest foreign body (86.5%). The site of lodgement of the foreign body was hypopharynx and abdomen in 11 cases each while 97 were held in oesophagus, mainly in its upper part. Removal of the foreign body by oesophagoscopy was difficult in patients who presented late. The coins formed a pouch in posterior oesophageal wall in six cases while their anterior surfaces got discoloured in 14 cases causing difficulty in their identification. Besides coins in children and dentures in adults, nine patients accidently swallowed a wide variety of foreign objects of different shapes and sizes. Management of such cases has been discussed.
Asunto(s)
Esófago , Cuerpos Extraños/epidemiología , Hipofaringe , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Esofagoscopía , Femenino , Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpos Extraños/terapia , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Nigeria/epidemiología , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Schistosoma mansoni is common in Nigeria as well as in other countries of West Africa (Edington, 1979). The eggs are laid in the small venules of the submucosal layer of the intestinal wall and pass out usually in the faeces but some may enter the blood stream to be found in any organ of the body (Edington et al., 1975). However, a careful search of the available literature failed to reveal any report of schistosomiasis in the ear and hence it was decided to publish this rare case.
Asunto(s)
Otitis Media Supurativa/parasitología , Otitis Media/parasitología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/complicaciones , Absceso/etiología , Absceso/parasitología , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Otitis Media Supurativa/etiologíaRESUMEN
The incidence of foreign bodies in ears, nose and throat is quite high in Jos Community of Nigeria, 411 cases having been observed over a period of three years. These occurred most frequently in the ears, while the oesophagus was the second commonest site. The foreign bodies were removed in the outpatient or the casualty department in 270 cases (66.7%) while the remaining 141 cases had to be admitted to hospital.
Asunto(s)
Oído , Cuerpos Extraños/epidemiología , Nariz , Faringe , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , NigeriaRESUMEN
Sudden sensori-neural hearing impairment as a complication of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) occurred in five of the ten patients seen in Jos University Teaching Hospital over a period of two years. This complication occurred more frequently in younger patients especially females with excessive hepatosplenomegaly, higher leucocyte count and lower platelet count. Leucostasis in internal auditory artery may be acting as a thrombus to cause infarction in the cochlea resulting in the sudden hearing loss.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/etiología , Leucemia Mieloide/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Laringe , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
A 55-year-old man with carcinoma of the right pyriform fossa was treated with cobalt therapy. Subsequently, osteonecrosis of the right greater horn and the right superior horn of the thyroid cartilage developed, followed by pathologic fractures of the processes and spontaneous expulsion of the sequestrae.
Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Cobalto/efectos adversos , Hueso Hioides , Cartílagos Laríngeos , Osteorradionecrosis/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo/efectos adversos , Cartílago Tiroides , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/uso terapéutico , Fracturas Espontáneas/etiología , Humanos , Hueso Hioides/diagnóstico por imagen , Cartílagos Laríngeos/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteorradionecrosis/complicaciones , Osteorradionecrosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Faríngeas/radioterapia , Radiografía , Cartílago Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Three cases of neurofibromatosis are reported showing a wide spectrum of roentgen abnormalities affecting the skull and facial bones. One case had macrocrania and multiple calvarial defects; enlargement of the sella turcica and middle cranial fossa was also present. All the three cases had orbital changes either in the form of enlargement, reduced anteroposterior width or loss of bony outlines with an appearance of emptiness. The other two cases showed predominantly facial involvement with hypoplasia of the mandibular body and ramus, abnormal coronoid process, zygomatic arch, hypoplastic maxilla, cystic mandible with abnormal dentition and absence of the osseous external auditory meatus. Intra-orbital calcification was present in one case. The radiological projections required to evaluate such cases are discussed. The 20 degrees occipito-mental view has been found extremely useful and is recommended.