RESUMEN
Sinonasal lymphomas of T cell or natural killer cell (T/NK cell) phenotype represent a subset of extranodal head and neck lymphomas. T/NK cell sinonasal lymphomas have been described in diverse geographic settings, including China, Japan, Peru, Northern Europe, and North America. The frequency of these lymphomas is highly dependent on the geographic location in which they occur, their incidence being low in Europe and North America and relatively high in Asian countries and in Peru. Regardless of their geographic location, they are typically associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Few studies have addressed the relative frequency of sinonasal lymphoma within the group of extranodal head and neck lymphomas. We investigated the anatomic distribution, immunophenotypical profile, and EBV status of 33 cases of extranodal head and neck lymphoma from patients in Guatemala. The anatomic distribution of these lymphomas is similar to that seen in Asian countries: 17 (52%) in the sinonasal area, five (15%) in the palate, and 11 (33%) in other locations. Fifteen (88%) of the 17 sinonasal lymphomas showed a T or null cell phenotype with a strong association with EBV by in situ hybridization. Most Guatemalan patients with these lymphomas were of Mayan descent. In Guatemala, the relative frequency of sinonasal lymphomas within the group of head and neck lymphomas is significantly higher than that reported for Western countries. In addition, the relative frequency of T/NK versus B cell sinonasal lymphomas is higher than that described in North America and similar to that observed in Asian countries and Peru.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/etnología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/etnología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Linfoma/etnología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/etnología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Femenino , Reordenamiento Génico , Guatemala/epidemiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inmunofenotipificación , Hibridación in Situ , Linfoma/patología , Linfoma/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/etnología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/patología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/virología , ARN Viral/análisis , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/inmunología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/patologíaRESUMEN
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor of coronary artery disease. Frequent repetition of an acute effect on the heart caused by cigarette smoking has been suggested as the etiology because of the increased incidence of myocardial infarction in cigarette smokers which drops to the incidence in non-smokers after cessation of smoking. This study of cardiac patients during cardiac catheterization evaluates the acute effect of the ordinary cigarette, smoked in the individuals own manner, on parameters of cardiac pump and muscle performance. The accuracy of measurements was enhanced by employing high-fidelity pressure signals, signal averaging, and computer analysis of the data. The results of the present study suggest that when cardiac patients smoke 1 cigarette of their own brand in their accustomed manner, no deleterious effects on pump performance, ventricular contraction or relaxation and blood pressure are evident.