RESUMEN

The target cp1002_RS01850 from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was used to construct a DNA and recombinant subunit vaccine against caseous lymphadenitis. Recombinant protein rCP01850 was expressed in Escherichia coli using pAE vector, and DNA vaccine was engineered with pTARGET vector. BALB/c mice were divided in five groups containing eight animals each, inoculated with: pTARGET/cp01850 as DNA vaccine (G1); rCP01850 plus Al (OH)3 as recombinant subunit vaccine (G2); pTARGET/cp01850 and a boost with rCP01850 plus Al (OH)3 (G3); pTARGET (G4); or Al (OH)3 (G5). Mice were inoculated and blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, and 42 for the analysis of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a by ELISA. In each group, five animals were challenged with Mic-6 C. pseudotuberculosis strain, and three were used for cytokine quantification by qPCR. Although no group has been protected by vaccines against lethal challenge, G2 showed an increase in the survival rate after challenge. Significantly higher levels of IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were also detected for G2, evidencing a mixed Th1/Th2 immunological profile. In conclusion, despite no protection level provided by different vaccinal strategies using cp1002_RS01850 from C. pseudotuberculosis, G2 developed a Th1/Th2 immune response with an increase in survival rate.(AU)

O alvo cp1002_RS01850 de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis foi utilizado para construir uma vacina recombinante de subunidade e de DNA contra a linfadenite caseosa. A proteína recombinante rCP01850 foi expressa em Escherichia coli usando o vetor pAE, e a vacina de DNA foi construída com o vetor pTARGET. Camundongos BALB/c foram divididos em grupos de oito animais, inoculados com: pTARGET/cp01850 como vacina de DNA (G1); rCP01850 e Al (OH)3 como vacina recombinante de subunidade (G2); pTARGET/cp01850 e um boost com rCP01850 e Al (OH)3 (G3); pTARGET (G4); ou Al (OH)3 (G5). Os animais foram inoculados e amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 0, 21, e 42 do experimento para a análise de IgG total, IgG1 e IgG2a por ELISA. De cada grupo, cinco animais foram desafiados com a cepa Mic-6 de C. pseudotuberculosis, e três foram usados para a quantificação de citocinas por qPCR. Apesar de nenhum grupo ter sido protegido pelas vacinas testadas contra o desafio letal, G2 apresentou taxa de sobrevida e níveis de IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ, IgG total, IgG1 e IgG2a significativamente mais altos, evidenciando um perfil imunológico misto Th1/Th2. Conclui-se que apesar das diferentes estratégias vacinais utilizando cp1002_RS01850 de C. pseudotuberculosis não terem sido capazes de gerar proteção, G2 desenvolveu uma resposta Th1/Th2 e elevou a taxa de sobrevida.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The target cp1002_RS01850 from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was used to construct a DNA and recombinant subunit vaccine against caseous lymphadenitis. Recombinant protein rCP01850 was expressed in Escherichia coli using pAE vector, and DNA vaccine was engineered with pTARGET vector. BALB/c mice were divided in five groups containing eight animals each, inoculated with: pTARGET/cp01850 as DNA vaccine (G1); rCP01850 plus Al (OH)3 as recombinant subunit vaccine (G2); pTARGET/cp01850 and a boost with rCP01850 plus Al (OH)3 (G3); pTARGET (G4); or Al (OH)3 (G5). Mice were inoculated and blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, and 42 for the analysis of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a by ELISA. In each group, five animals were challenged with Mic-6 C. pseudotuberculosis strain, and three were used for cytokine quantification by qPCR. Although no group has been protected by vaccines against lethal challenge, G2 showed an increase in the survival rate after challenge. Significantly higher levels of IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were also detected for G2, evidencing a mixed Th1/Th2 immunological profile. In conclusion, despite no protection level provided by different vaccinal strategies using cp1002_RS01850 from C. pseudotuberculosis, G2 developed a Th1/Th2 immune response with an increase in survival rate.(AU)

O alvo cp1002_RS01850 de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis foi utilizado para construir uma vacina recombinante de subunidade e de DNA contra a linfadenite caseosa. A proteína recombinante rCP01850 foi expressa em Escherichia coli usando o vetor pAE, e a vacina de DNA foi construída com o vetor pTARGET. Camundongos BALB/c foram divididos em grupos de oito animais, inoculados com: pTARGET/cp01850 como vacina de DNA (G1); rCP01850 e Al (OH)3 como vacina recombinante de subunidade (G2); pTARGET/cp01850 e um boost com rCP01850 e Al (OH)3 (G3); pTARGET (G4); ou Al (OH)3 (G5). Os animais foram inoculados e amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 0, 21, e 42 do experimento para a análise de IgG total, IgG1 e IgG2a por ELISA. De cada grupo, cinco animais foram desafiados com a cepa Mic-6 de C. pseudotuberculosis, e três foram usados para a quantificação de citocinas por qPCR. Apesar de nenhum grupo ter sido protegido pelas vacinas testadas contra o desafio letal, G2 apresentou taxa de sobrevida e níveis de IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ, IgG total, IgG1 e IgG2a significativamente mais altos, evidenciando um perfil imunológico misto Th1/Th2. Conclui-se que apesar das diferentes estratégias vacinais utilizando cp1002_RS01850 de C. pseudotuberculosis não terem sido capazes de gerar proteção, G2 desenvolveu uma resposta Th1/Th2 e elevou a taxa de sobrevida.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

This study verifies the interactions between straw size and thawing rates and their impact on the epididymal sperm from this species. Caudae epididymidum from 10 agoutis were subjected to retrograde washing using a coconut water extender (ACP-109c(®) ). Epididymal sperm were evaluated and extended in ACP-109c(®) plus egg yolk (20%) and glycerol (6%). The samples were packaged in 0.25- or 0.50-ml straws, frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed at 37°C/1 min or 70°C/8 s, followed by a re-evaluation. The use of 0.25-ml straws thawed at 37°C/1 min provided a value of 26.6% for sperm motility. No interactions between straw size and thawing rates were verified on agouti sperm (p > 0.05), but when 0.5-ml straws were thawed at 70°C/8 s, sperm vigour decreased significantly (p < 0.05). It is recommended that the agouti epididymal sperm cryopreserved in ACP-109c(®) extender should be packaged in 0.25- or 0.50-ml straws and thawed at 37°C/60 s.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.

RESUMEN

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this work was to relate the occurrence of bacterial illnesses in two wild birds raised under captive conditions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, focusing on their clinical and microbiological findings. Clinical exams were performed in both birds in order to collect data and to determine the clinical and pathological outcome. In bird [A1] was diagnosed an infection in the respiratory system, and in bird [A2] the diagnosis was pododermatitis. Samples of shedding were collected using a sterile swab to perform a bacterial culture in blood agar and McConkey agar. An antibiogram was performed as well. The bacterial culture revealed the growing of Proteus sp. and Proteus vulgares, respectively. The antibiogram performed with the samples of bird [A1] showed the resistance to the follow antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicin. In bird [A2], strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefotoxin, chloramphenicol, tetraciclin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and gentamicina. Proteus spp. appears to be a potencial multiresistant pathogen and causes severe lesions and diseases for wild birds in captivity.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de enfermidades bacterianas em duas aves exóticas criadas em cativeiro no Rio Grande do Norte, com enfoque nos achados clínicos e microbiológicos. Realizou-se o exame clínico nas aves para a coleta de dados e caracterização do quadro clínico-patológico, sendo diagnosticada na ave [A1] infecção no trato respiratório superior, e na ave [A2] pododermatite profunda. O material biológico das secreções foi colhido com o auxílio de swabs estéreis para a determinação do agente etiológico através de cultura bacteriana em ágar sangue e ágar MacConkey. Realizou-se também o teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. A cultura bacteriológica das aves [A1] e [A2] resultou em crescimento de Proteus sp. e Proteus vulgares, respectivamente. O antibiograma da ave [A1] demonstrou resistência aos antibióticos: ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Na ave [A2] a cepa isolada apresentou resistência a ampicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulâmico, aztreonam, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol/trimetroprim e gentamicina. Proteus spp. pode ser considerado um patógeno multirresistente, causador de lesões graves e doenças em aves selvagens criadas em cativeiro.

RESUMEN

The present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of centrifugation for seminal plasma removal and the supplementation of fructose or glucose to the Tris-based extender on the kinematic patterns of the motility parameters of frozen-thawed semen obtained from captive collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu). Semen samples (n = 14) were collected from 10 sexually mature male collared peccaries by electroejaculation. These samples were further evaluated for parameters such as motility, vigor, sperm viability, membrane integrity, and sperm morphology. The samples were divided into four aliquots, and only two of these aliquots were centrifuged. The semen aliquots (centrifuged and raw semen samples) were diluted in Tris-based extenders supplemented with fructose or glucose. Egg yolk (20%) and glycerol (3%) were added to all the samples which were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and thawed at 37 °C/1 min. The frozen-thawed semen was evaluated for the same parameters described for the fresh semen. On the other hand, the kinematic motility patterns were evaluated by a computer-aided system. After thawing, it was observed that the values for the total sperm motility were around 30% for all the samples. A negative effect of centrifugation was verified for parameters such as sperm morphology, linearity, straightness, and beat cross frequency (P < 0.05). However, no differences between fructose and glucose were verified for any semen end point (P > 0.05). In conclusion, it is not recommended to centrifuge the ejaculates from collared peccaries prior to conducting the cryopreservative procedures using a Tris-based extender supplemented with fructose or glucose.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The objective was to evaluate the influence of the thawing rate on the quality of frozen-thawed (cryopreserved in Tris-based extenders) semen obtained from collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu). Semen from 13 sexually mature collared peccaries males were collected by electroejaculation, and evaluated for motility, vigor, sperm viability, membrane integrity, and sperm morphology. Semen was divided in two equal portions: the first was diluted in Tris-fructose and the other in Tris-glucose, with egg yolk (20%) and glycerol (3%) added to each portion. Extended semen was frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed using two thawing protocols (37 degrees C for 1 min or 55 degrees C for 7 s, followed by an additional 30 s at 37 degrees C). There were no significant differences between the two extenders after extension, chilling, or glycerol addition. After thawing at 37 degrees C, there were 37.9 +/- 4.2% and 28.5 +/- 5.1% motile spermatozoa for samples extended in Tris-fructose and Tris-glucose, respectively, with 33.8 +/- 3.7% and 28.2 +/- 3.5% motile spermatozoa after thawing at 55 degrees C (no significant differences). Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between extenders and thawing protocols for any semen end point. In conclusion, semen from collared peccaries was successfully cryopreserved in Tris-based extenders and thawed with two protocols (37 degrees C for 1 min or 55 degrees C for 7 s).

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