RESUMEN
Collective cell migration is essential in many fundamental aspects of normal development, like morphogenesis, organ formation, wound healing, and immune responses, as well as in the etiology of severe pathologies, like cancer metastasis. In spite of the huge amount of data accumulated on cell migration, such a complex process involves many molecular actors, some of which still remain to be functionally characterized. One of these signals is the heterotrimeric G-protein pathway that has been studied mainly in gastrulation movements. Recently we have reported that Ric-8A, a GEF for Gα proteins, plays an important role in neural crest migration in Xenopus development. Xenopus neural crest cells, a highly migratory embryonic cell population induced at the border of the neural plate that migrates extensively in order to differentiate in other tissues during development, have become a good model to understand the dynamics that regulate cell migration. In this review, we aim to provide sufficient evidence supporting how useful Xenopus model with its different tools, such as explants and transplants, paired with improved in vivo imaging techniques, will allow us to tackle the multiple signaling mechanisms involved in neural crest cell migration.
Asunto(s)
Movimiento Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al GTP Heterotriméricas/genética , Morfogénesis/genética , Xenopus laevis/genética , Animales , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Unión al GTP Heterotriméricas/metabolismo , Cresta Neural/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cresta Neural/metabolismo , Placa Neural/crecimiento & desarrollo , Placa Neural/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Xenopus laevis/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Con el objeto de analizar el pronóstico de la contusión pulmonar estudiamos 57 pacientes diagnosticados por radiología. Se analizaron dos grupos, Grupo A: (n=18) pacientes con lesiones circunscritas al tórax y Grupo B: (n=39) pacientes con lesiones extratorácicas asociadas. Grupo A: la edad fluctuó entre 24 y 80 años, promedio 50,44. Presentaron fracturas costales 17 pacientes (94,4%), tórax volante 4 (22%), hemotórax 16 (88,9%), no hubo mortalidad. Grupo B: la edad fluctuó entre 12 y 66 años promedio 40.10 (25,6%) ingresaron en shock. El 100% tenía fracturas costales, 20 tórax volante (51,3%), 32 (82,1%) presentaron ocupación pleural, 5 bilaterales. Fallecieron 3 pacientes. Conclusión. El pronóstico de la contusión pulmonar es bueno cuando el trauma se circuncribe al toráx; éste se ensombrece cuando se asocia a lesiones extratorácicas