Asunto(s)
Melanoma/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Quemadura Solar/prevención & control , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Protectores Solares/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Niño , Preescolar , Relaciones Comunidad-Institución , Dermatología , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Educación en Salud , Política de Salud , Prioridades en Salud , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Objetivos Organizacionales , Desarrollo de Programa , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Factores de Riesgo , Seguridad , Cambio Social , Sociedades Médicas , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Adulto , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Niño , Dermatología , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Relaciones Interinstitucionales , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/prevención & control , Prevención Primaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Sociedades Médicas , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
National efforts to reduce skin cancer incidence and mortality require scientifically coordinated efforts. This report summarizes the first American Academy of Dermatology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national conference to develop a skin cancer agenda. Leading experts in dermatology, public health, medicine, health education, nursing, behavioral sciences, environmental health and epidemiology identified and prioritized skin cancer control issues in five key areas. Discussion centered around strategies for reducing UV exposure and increasing public and professional awareness of skin cancer. Panelists in five sessions developed consensus on several public and professional recommendations and a series of research strategies.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Cutáneas , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Skin cancers are common and there has been a dramatic increase in their incidence, particularly melanoma. However, little is known about awareness of melanoma and early detection practices in the general U.S. population. OBJECTIVE: In 1995, the American Academy of Dermatology increased their efforts to promote awareness of melanoma. This study was conducted to document current knowledge of melanoma and self-examination practices. METHODS: In February 1995, a telephone survey was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 1001 persons at least 18 years of age (3% margin of error) that included questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding early detection of melanoma. RESULTS: Almost 42% of those surveyed were unaware of melanoma, and only 26% of those who were aware could identify its specific signs. Most recognized at least one common risk factor for melanoma (e.g., sun exposure, fair skin). However, many did not distinguish melanoma from other skin cancers in terms of risk factors, signs of early disease, and body site distribution. The lowest measures of melanoma knowledge and attitudes were found among those who are male, nonwhite, and parents, and those with the lowest level of education and income. More than half (54%) did not conduct a self-examination. This practice was most frequently reported by women, white persons, and the elderly, as well as those with a greater knowledge of melanoma. CONCLUSION: Our research documents deficiencies in knowledge and practices related to early detection of melanoma in the general U.S. population and supports the need for public education about melanoma.
Asunto(s)
Educación en Salud , Melanoma/prevención & control , Autoexamen , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Piel , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Escolaridad , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Renta , Masculino , Melanoma/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Padres , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Pigmentación de la Piel , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Estados Unidos , Población BlancaRESUMEN
Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to examine trends in breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors among U.S. women in selected states. Data reported are from the 1987, 1988, and 1989 BRFSS for breast cancer screening (mammography) and from the 1988 and 1989 BRFSS for cervical cancer screening (Papanicolaou [Pap] smear). Results are presented as either state-specific or state-aggregate data for the years noted above. State-specific analyses indicated that self-reported mammography utilization increased between 1987 and 1989. Although whites and blacks reported similar mammography utilization rates both for screening and for a current or previous breast problem, disparities were evident among women of different ages and incomes. The proportion of women who reported ever having had a Pap smear and having heard of a Pap smear were extremely high and remained fairly consistent across the 2 survey years. State-aggregate analyses, however, showed that the percentage of women who had had a Pap smear within the previous year was negatively associated with age and positively associated with income. A higher proportion of blacks than whites obtained Pap smears. These results indicate that certain segments of the population are not taking full advantage of available breast and cervical cancer screening technologies. Public health strategies, such as those outlined in the Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Prevention Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-354), should enhance screening opportunities for these women.