RESUMEN
Older adults with mild or no hearing loss make more errors and expend more effort listening to speech. Cochlear implants (CI) restore hearing to deaf patients but with limited fidelity. We hypothesized that patient-reported hearing and health-related quality of life in CI patients may similarly vary according to age. Speech Spatial Qualities (SSQ) of hearing scale and Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI) questionnaires were administered to 543 unilaterally implanted adults across Europe, South Africa, and South America. Data were acquired before surgery and at 1, 2, and 3 years post-surgery. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with visit, age group (18-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65+), and side of implant as main factors and adjusted for other covariates. Tinnitus and dizziness prevalence did not vary with age, but older groups had more preoperative hearing. Preoperatively and postoperatively, SSQ scores were significantly higher (Δ0.75-0.82) for those aged <45 compared with those 55+. However, gains in SSQ scores were equivalent across age groups, although postoperative SSQ scores were higher in right-ear implanted subjects. All age groups benefited equally in terms of HUI gain (0.18), with no decrease in scores with age. Overall, younger adults appeared to cope better with a degraded hearing before and after CI, leading to better subjective hearing performance.
RESUMEN
Introducción. El carcinoma sarcomatoide puede aparecer en cualquier parte del cuerpo, siendo las glándulas salivales mayores su principal localización en cabeza y cuello, pero en la laringe representa aproximadamente un 1%. Cuenta con componentes epiteliales y mesenquimales, lo que ha llevado a plantear múltiples teorías acerca de su origen. Por esto su diagnóstico anatomopatológico puede ser un reto. Caso clínico. Presentamos un caso clínico de un varón de 76años fumador que consulta por disfonía. Se observa una lesión en cuerdas vocales sin adenopatías ni metástasis. Se le realiza microcirugía laríngea con escisión completa de la lesión, y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico es de carcinosarcoma, mostrando positividad intensa y difusa para vimentina y focal para AE1-AE3, CK5 y p63. El paciente recibe tratamiento complementario con radioterapia. Discusión. El carcinoma sarcomatoide tiende a manifestarse con síntomas obstructivos como la disfonía. Su pronóstico depende del estadio y de si hay o no metástasis. Suelen ser positivos los marcadores epiteliales citoqueratina (AE1-AE3), antígenos de membrana epitelial (EMA), Ki 67 y marcadores mesenquimales como vimentina, desmina y S-100. En cuanto al tratamiento, se recomienda de entrada una biopsia por escisión seguida o no de radioterapia complementaria, aunque la radioterapia sola también ha tenido éxito (T2-T1). En estadios T3-T4 pueden ser tratados con resección local, laringectomía parcial, total con o sin vaciamiento, seguida de radioquimioterapia concomitante (AU)
Introduction. Sarcomatoid carcinoma can occur in any part of the body; in the head and neck it occurs most frequently in the major salivary glands, with only about 1% of cases found in the larynx. As it has both epithelial and mesenchymal components, there are many theories concerning its origin and it can prove a diagnostic challenge. Case report. A 76 year old male smoker presented with dysphonia. Vocal cord injury was found on examination but no lymphadenopathy or metastases were present. Laryngeal microsurgery was performed with complete excision of the lesion. Histopathology showed it to be a carcinosarcoma which showed intense and diffuse positivity for vimentin and focal positivity for AE1-AE3, CK5 and p63. The patient underwent radiotherapy as complementary treatment. Discussion. Sarcomatoid carcinoma usually presents with obstructive symptoms such as dysphonia. Prognosis depends on the stage and the presence or not of metastases. Both epithelial markers EMA, cytokeratin (AE1-AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, Ki 67 and mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, desmin, S-100 may be positive in these tumours. Recommended treatment for T2-T1 stages is an excisional biopsy which can be followed by adjuvant radiotherapy; radiotherapy alone has also been successful. T3-T4 stages can be treated with local excision, partial laryngectomy or total laryngectomy with subsequent ganglion emptying and concomitant radio and chemotherapy (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Sarcoma/patología , Carcinoma/patología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Disfonía/etiología , Pliegues Vocales/patología , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , LaringectomíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Sarcomatoid carcinoma can occur in any part of the body; in the head and neck it occurs most frequently in the major salivary glands, with only about 1% of cases found in the larynx. As it has both epithelial and mesenchymal components, there are many theories concerning its origin and it can prove a diagnostic challenge. CASE REPORT: A 76 year old male smoker presented with dysphonia. Vocal cord injury was found on examination but no lymphadenopathy or metastases were present. Laryngeal microsurgery was performed with complete excision of the lesion. Histopathology showed it to be a carcinosarcoma which showed intense and diffuse positivity for vimentin and focal positivity for AE1-AE3, CK5 and p63. The patient underwent radiotherapy as complementary treatment. DISCUSSION: Sarcomatoid carcinoma usually presents with obstructive symptoms such as dysphonia. Prognosis depends on the stage and the presence or not of metastases. Both epithelial markers EMA, cytokeratin (AE1-AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, Ki 67 and mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, desmin, S-100 may be positive in these tumours. Recommended treatment for T2-T1 stages is an excisional biopsy which can be followed by adjuvant radiotherapy; radiotherapy alone has also been successful. T3-T4 stages can be treated with local excision, partial laryngectomy or total laryngectomy with subsequent ganglion emptying and concomitant radio and chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/patología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Sarcoma/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in patients with septal deviation to one of the nostrils is considered to protect the airways from the excess of air that could enter through the nostril and its potential negative effects such as dryness, alteration of air filtration, mucociliary flow, or lung involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, non-randomized study. Patients were divided in two groups: 10 consecutive patients, with nasal septal deviation and compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in the contralateral nasal cavity (10 non-hypertrophied turbinates as control and 10 contralateral hypertrophied turbinates as study cases), and the second group with 5 patients without any nasal pathology (10 turbinates without any obvious pathology). In both groups CT scans of the nasal region were performed. A comparison of patients with nasal septal deviation with compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in the contralateral nasal cavity and with non-pathological inferior turbinate was carried out. RESULTS: When analyzing the groups of patients with septal deviation, the contralateral hypertrophied turbinate and the non-hypertrophied turbinate side, we found a significant hypertrophy in the anterior portion of the inferior turbinate, at the level of the medial mucosa (P = 0.002) and bone (P = 0.001) in the group of patients with contralateral hypertrophied turbinate. However, when we compared the contralateral hypertrophic turbinate with the turbinate of patients without septal deviation, we found a significant difference in all volumes of the medial and lateral mucosa and the bone portion (P = 0.001, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of the nasal septum and lateralization or reduction of the volume of the inferior turbinate (which may include the medial mucosa, head or part of the bone) is necessary in order to improve air passage into the nasal valve.