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There was performed analysis according to 5-year follow incidence of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with low ejection fraction in A; the characteristics of chronic heart failure (CHF) in elderly and senile were determined; the value of a number of clinical and morphological parameters for prediction of CHF were studied. The study included 135 patients of Intensive Care Unit with a diagnosis AMI showing according to the initial echocardiography reduced ejection fraction in the first 24-48 hours. In the course of monitoring patients, routine methods of clinical examination were used, the main quantitative technique was echocardiography, qualitative indicators were assessed including by collecting anamnesis and filling out questionnaires for heart failure, and then standard statistical methods were used. In the process of observation it was found that patients with acute myocardial infarction in acute elderly age worsens the prognosis of heart failure and mortality forecast, low ejection fraction in the acute period is a negative predictor of heart failure in all age groups, but more pronounced in the elderly. Development and growth of CHF after AMI occurs, despite the growth of ejection fraction (EF) in both age groups. CHF dynamics depends on the systolic and diastolic dysfunction. In the older age group plays a decisive role systolic dysfunction.

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Studies of heat state of human involved into physical work in heating environment and having various protective clothing on demonstrated value of the protective clothing in modifying thermal load on the body and possible decrease of this load through air temperature and humidity correction, shorter stay at workplace. The authors presented hygienic requirements to air temperatures range in accordance with allowable body heating degree, suggested mathematic model to forecast integral parameter of human functional state in accordance with type of protective clothing applied. The article also covers necessity of upper air temperature limit during hot season, for applying protective clothing made of materials with low air permeability and hydraulic conductivity.

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The article covers results of studies conducted over last 15 years and aimed to elaboration of requirements to integral parameters of microclimate at workplace, its evaluation and regulation, prophylactic measures against body overcooling and overheating. The authors present methods to evaluate combined effects of physical factors (noise, vibration, microclimate) and to assess microclimate with consideration of factors determining body thermal load (energy expenditure, duration of stay at workplace, heat insulation of clothes and thermo-physical parameters of its materials). Mathematic models of forecasting cold and heat stress are presented, as well as requirements to heat insulation for individual protective means against cold and methods to calculate it. Regimens of work in heating and cooling conditions are specified. The authors set directions for further studies to define regulation requirements to microclimate on basis of studied patterns of body heat state formation, its evaluation criteria, epidemiologic studies results, specified prophylactic measures against overheating and overcooling with consideration of adaptation, sex, thermo-physical characteristics of individual protective means (special clothes, footwear, gauntlets, headwear).

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The strain in different functional systems of human body maintaining thermal homeostasis that develops during work under heating conditions results in impaired working capacity and efficiency and may be harmful to health. One of the most efficacious measures is the reduction of exposure to the adverse conditions and its rational alternation with rest in the comfortable environment. Based on the mathematical and statistical analysis of the results of multiple-factor experiments, we derived a multiple regression equation describing the quantitative dependence of the integral index of human body thermal regime on the totality of factors responsible for thermal strain. The equation permits to determine the heat content in the human body formed by exothermal and endothermal strain, to estimate the contribution of each individual factor, and to predict the risk of overheating in order to take measures for reducing the thermal strain. Recommendations are proposed on the duration of thermal exposure during a workshift depending on the overheating risk level and on the optimal relationship between the duration of staying in the heating microclimate and the duration of the rest (work) in the comfortable environment.

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Analyzing results of the personal experiments, the authors present methodology to minimize number of sites for measurement of foot skin temperature and heat flow. Average foot temperature could be reliably measured through one or several sites. The studies revealed informativeness of each among 11 measurement sites and helped to specify corresponding equations for evaluation of foot heat conditions and heat insulation.

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Experimental studies helped to compare methods determining and calculating total heat resistance of clothing sets accepted by Russian and international standards. Findings are that difference in the total heat resistance values calculated on humans and on dummies in relatively still air and quiet conditions is caused by measurement technique applied. Significant difference in the total heat resistance values calculated in windy conditions or during walk require further research aimed to study influence of those factors on clothes' heat resistance.

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The article analyzes the studies concerning long-term influence of heating stress on health state of subjects working in heating microclimate. Using epidemiologic cohort studies, the authors evaluated level and causes of mortality among workers of steel-making plant. Environmental heating was proved to increase cardiovascular mortality risk.

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The article describes methodic approaches to regulation of optimal and allowable microclimate in industrial compartments. Those approaches include concepts that justify criteria of human heat state during variable physical activities, industrial testing of experimental data, evaluation of health state according to transitory disablement records and medical or epidemiologic studies. Having considered relationships between workers heat state and the environmental temperature load, the authors presented an equation to determine upper allowable limit of the latter.

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The article outlines new edition of a project "Sanitary norms of microclimate in industrial compartments". Up-to-date scientific data, results of studies concerning human heat state in experimental and industrial conditions, evaluation of the workers' health state helped to modify optimal and allowable parameters of microclimate, to rectify requirements for measurement conditions and measuring devices. When the recommended temperature could not be maintained, the duration of work in such conditions should be limited for prevention of overheating and overcooling. To examine prophylactic measures against overheating, the authors suggested an integral characteristic of heating environmental load (TNS-index) and set its safe values.

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Analysis of changes in heat state of female vegetable-growers within the shift helped to determine correlation between microclimate parameters (including general indicator of extrinsic heat load--WBGT index) and temperature state in the females adjusted and non-adjusted to heat. Depending on various relationships between the microclimate parameters inducing variable overheating, duration of the working shift is set for stably optimal heat state.

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Studies of thermoregulation (skin and body temperature) and heat exchange in humans engaged in physical work of different type and intensity in variable environmental temperatures provided coefficients of 'cover' and 'core' mixing to calculate the mean body temperature and changes in heat content. The derived coefficient for a certain individual depended on body cooling and on the intensity of physical work.

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