RESUMEN
In the context of hydroelectric plants, this article emphasizes the imperative of robust monitoring strategies. The utilization of fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) emerges as a promising approach due to their efficient optical transmission, minimal signal attenuation, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. These optical sensors have demonstrated success in diverse structures, including bridges and nuclear plants, especially in challenging environments. This article culminates with the depiction of the development of an array of sensors featuring Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). This array is designed to measure deformation and temperature in protective grids surrounding the turbines at the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Plant. Implemented in a real-world scenario, the device identifies deformation peaks, indicative of water flow obstructions, thereby contributing significantly to the safety and operational efficiency of the plant.
RESUMEN
A systematic experimental evaluation of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) -induced polarization-dependent gain (PDG) in forward pumped Raman amplification in dispersion-shifted and in dispersion-compensating fiber was performed. Good agreement was obtained between the measured statistical parameters and the current analytical model for PDG fluctuation statistics. The probability distribution of the PDG was approximately Maxwellian within the range PMD >0.05 ps/km(1/2). The interplay between PMD and gain fluctuations is discussed; random birefringence strongly reduces PDG fluctuations. However, the trade-off between reduction of the power penalties for PDG and increase of the penalties for PMD distortion precludes the use of PMD instead of source depolarization techniques for reduction of PDG.