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OBJECTIVE: Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is the most common congenital infection in developed countries. The aim of our study was to describe the features of the children that have congenital CMV infection at our hospital for the last 6 years. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was designed that included all the children with CMV congenital infection that were diagnosed at tertiary hospital of Madrid Community between 2017 and 2023. RESULTS: Twenty-two children were included. 54.5% have a prenatal diagnosis, 50% of them were in the third trimester, 25% at first trimester and 25% at the second. 22.7% were preterm. CMV was isolated in all the samples with CV more than 1000 copies/ml. When CMV was made in blood, 11/22 (50%) had a high CV. Only one newborn had a high CV at CRL. 44% have affectation at transfontanellar ultrasound evidenced by vasculopathy (62%), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular calcifications (20%). 68% were asymptomatic, al though 20% had a retarded intrauterine growth (RIG) at birth or clinical features or analytical were objectified (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis). 33% got treatment with val ganciclovir and 33% had sequelae (hearing loss). CONCLUSIONS: CMV congenital infection is still a severe public health issue in developed countries. Most of the cases are mild or asymptomatic even though we should have high clinical suspicion with compatible symptoms and consistent maternal history in order to make an early diagnosis and treatment to prevent or reduce sequelae.

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The influence of four critical factors such as sample weight/borax reagent ratio (B(R) factor), ascorbic acid content (A(R) factor), neutralization with HCl 1N (N(R) factor) and stirring extraction time (S(ET) factor), was investigate in order to find the best conditions (optimization) to develop the official ISO 2.918 spectrophotometric method to determine the residual nitrite content in meat products, using the response surface methodology (RSM) as optimization tool. The factors most strongly affecting nitrite determination in meat products are B(R), N(R) and A(R), due to their respective effects on pH extraction parameters and on the amount of colloidal protein present in the sample extract. At pH⩽6, for example, the extract - though appearing clear and transparent to the analyst - contains a considerable amount of hydrolyzed protein, which will severely interfere with measurements, generating false-positive results. The colloidal protein present in the extract (⩽20mg/g, corresponding in these working conditions to an OD(340) value of ⩽0.600) will lead to the recording of nitrite values greater than those actually present in the sample. In order to avoid these drawbacks, this paper proposes that the amount of borax added (B(R)) varies as a function of sample weight (W(S)), using the ratio W(S)/B(R)=1.11. In order to monitor the analytical method, it is further recommended that pH be adjusted to 6-7 (lower protein solubility) and that colloidal protein levels be ⩾20mg/g, as confirmed by an OD(340) value of ⩾0.600.

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Hasta épocas recientes, en España la sintomatología que acontecía durante el periodo de la menopausia (sofocos, sudores, cambios en el carácter, etc) se consideraban como achaques propios de la edad y por tanto sin necesidad de tratamiento, sin tener en cuenta que la menopausia por el contrario es una larga etapa de la mujer que en muchas ocasiones precisa de tratamiento. Se ha insistido reiteradamente que la Terapia Hormonal Sustitutiva (THS) es enormemente eficaz en la osteoporosis y en la cardiopatía isquémica. España es uno de los países de la Unión Europea con menor porcentaje de uso de THS, aproximadamente un 5% de la población susceptible de tratamiento, a diferencia de la media Europea establecida en un 20%. Se analiza en este estudio la evidencia científica publicada sobre el uso de THS

Until recent times, in Spain the symptoms that happened during the periodo f the menopause (hot flashes, sweating, change in the character, etc) they were considered like ailments characteristics of the age and therefore without treatment necessity, without keeping in mind that the menopause on the contrary is the woman’s long stage that she specifies treatment in many occasions. Repeatedly has been insisted that the Hormone Replacement Therapy. It is vastly effective in the Osteoporosis and in the coronary heart disease. Spain is one of the countries of the European Union with smaller percentage of user of THS, approximately the susceptible population’s of treatment 5%, contrary to the European stocking settled down in 20%. There is analyzed in this study the scientific evidence published on THS’s use

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