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PURPOSE: The aim was to report the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOA), the topographic metrics, and the visual and refractive outcomes 2 years after performing collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus. The correlation among corneal HOAs, topographic metrics, and visual acuity changes was also investigated. METHODS: This is a prospective case series involving 42 eyes from 32 patients with progressive keratoconus treated with CXL. The main outcomes measured at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive changes, topographic data, and corneal aberrations. RESULTS: Two years after CXL treatment, the UDVA (P < 0.001), CDVA (P < 0.001), and spherical equivalent (P = 0.048) improved significantly. The corneal topographic data revealed significant decreases in apical keratometry (P < 0.001), differential keratometry (P = 0.031), and central keratometry (P = 0.003) compared with the baseline measurements. Aberration analyses revealed a significant reduction in coma (P = 0.016), trefoil (P = 0.018), secondary astigmatism (P < 0.001), quatrefoil (P = 0.031), secondary coma (P < 0.001), and secondary trefoil (P = 0.001). Corneal HOA (except quatrefoil) demonstrated a significant correlation with postoperative CDVA; the highest correlations were for coma (rho = 0.703, P < 0.001), secondary astigmatism (rho = 0.519, P = 0.001), and total HOA (rho = 0.487, P = 0.001). However, the corneal HOA changes were not statistically associated with improved visual acuity. After treatment, the reduction in apical keratometry was the only variable that correlated with the improvement in the CDVA (rho = 0.319, P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: After 2 years, CXL was found to be effective in improving the UDVA, CDVA, topographic metrics, and most corneal HOAs in eyes with progressive keratoconus. A significant reduction was observed in apical keratometry, and this reduction directly correlated with an improvement in visual acuity.

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PURPOSE: To describe two patients with moderate keratoconus and a corneal thickness exceeding 600 µm at the thinnest point. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: In the first case, the steepest keratometric power was 51.50 diopters (D) in the right eye and 53.4 in the left eye and the thickness at the thinnest point was 658 and 625 µm, respectively. In the second case, the steepest keratometric power was 46.70 D in the right eye and 49.60 D in the left eye and the thickness at the thinnest point was 618 and 608 µm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Keratoconus may develop despite a very thick cornea, reinforcing the idea that biomechanical changes can signify an important factor in the development and progression of this pathology.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate and the causes of interruption of bevacizumab intravitreal therapy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a referential eye-care center in Joinville, southern Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series. Cases included all patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration who were treated with one or more bevacizumab intravitreal injections at Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital between January, 2006 and January, 2008. Data were obtained from patients' medical records and telephone interviews. Discontinuity criterion was the absence of patient follow-up after a minimum of 3 months from the last ophthalmic examination. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were treated. Among them, 24 (29.3%) interrupted follow-up inadvertently. The mean age was 75.2 years old (range 65-89 yo). Mean number of bevacizumab intravitreal injections was 2.0 (range 1-6). Nineteen patients answered to telephone questionnaires. The main alleged causes of discontinuity of therapy were unexpected poor visual results (8 cases, 42.1%), lack of information about followup visits (5 cases, 26.3%) and comorbidities (3 cases, 15.8%). CONCLUSIONS: A high number of patients interrupted follow-up after beginning bevacizumab therapy. Many of them related avoidable causes for discontinuity of treatment. Efforts must be done to improve education of age-related macular degeneration patients, especially in relation to functional outcomes and prolonged follow-up care.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate and the causes of interruption of bevacizumab intravitreal therapy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a referential eye-care center in Joinville, southern Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series. Cases included all patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration who were treated with one or more bevacizumab intravitreal injections at Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital between January, 2006 and January, 2008. Data were obtained from patients' medical records and telephone interviews. Discontinuity criterion was the absence of patient follow-up after a minimum of 3 months from the last ophthalmic examination. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were treated. Among them, 24 (29.3 percent) interrupted follow-up inadvertently. The mean age was 75.2 years old (range 65-89 yo). Mean number of bevacizumab intravitreal injections was 2.0 (range 1-6). Nineteen patients answered to telephone questionnaires. The main alleged causes of discontinuity of therapy were unexpected poor visual results (8 cases, 42.1 percent), lack of information about followup visits (5 cases, 26.3 percent) and comorbidities (3 cases, 15.8 percent). CONCLUSIONS: A high number of patients interrupted follow-up after beginning bevacizumab therapy. Many of them related avoidable causes for discontinuity of treatment. Efforts must be done to improve education of age-related macular degeneration patients, especially in relation to functional outcomes and prolonged follow-up care.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as causas de interrupção do tratamento com bevacizumab intravítreo nos pacientes portadores da forma exsudativa de degeneração macular relacionada à idade acompanhados no Hospital de Olhos ''Sadalla Amin Ghanem'', em Joinville (SC). MÉTODOS: Série de casos retrospectiva, consecutiva e não-comparativa. Incluíram-se os pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade exsudativa tratados com uma ou mais injeções intravítreas de bevacizumab entre janeiro de 2006 e janeiro de 2008. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários dos pacientes e de entrevistas telefônicas. O critério de descontinuação foi a ausência do paciente à consulta após o mínimo de três meses a partir da última avaliação oftalmológica. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 82 pacientes tratados, 24 interromperam o tratamento inadvertidamente (29,3 por cento). A média de idade foi 75,2 anos (65-89 anos). O número médio de injeções intravítreas de bevacizumab foi 2,0 (variação 1-6). Dezenove pacientes responderam aos questionários através de contato telefônico. As principais causas de interrupção do tratamento foram o resultado visual abaixo do esperado (8 casos, 42,1 por cento), a falta de informação sobre o controle clínico oftalmológico (5 casos, 26,3 por cento) e comorbidades sistêmicas (3 casos, 15,8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Um elevado número de pacientes interrompeu o acompanhamento após início de terapia intravítrea com bevacizumab. Muitos deles referiram causas evitáveis de descontinuação do tratamento. Esforços devem ser feitos para propiciar informação mais adequada aos portadores de degeneração macular relacionada à idade exsudativa em vigência deste tratamento, especialmente com relação aos resultados funcionais e acompanhamento prolongado.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in patients with painful pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). SETTING: University of São Paulo, São Paulo and Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: This prospective study included consecutive eyes with PBK that had CXL. After a 9.0 mm epithelial removal, riboflavin 0.1% with dextran 20% was applied for 30 minutes followed by ultraviolet-A irradiation (370 nm, 3 mW/cm(2)). Therapeutic contact lenses were placed for 1 week. Corneal transparency, central corneal thickness (CCT), and ocular pain were assessed preoperatively and 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was by paired t tests. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (14 eyes) with a mean age 71.14 years +/- 11.70 (SD) (range 53 to 89 years) were enrolled. Corneal transparency was better in all eyes 1 month after surgery. At 6 months, corneal transparency was similar to preoperative levels (P = .218). The mean CCT was 747 mum preoperatively and 623 mum at 1 month; the decrease was statistically significant (P<.001). At 6 months, the mean CCT increased to 710 mum, still significantly thinner than preoperatively (P = .006). Pain scores at 6 months were not significantly different than preoperatively (P = .066). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal CXL significantly improved corneal transparency, corneal thickness, and ocular pain 1 month postoperatively. However, it did not seem to have a long-lasting effect in decreasing pain and maintaining corneal transparency in patients with PBK.

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