RESUMEN

Simultaneously with keeping one of the leading positions in the structure of oncogynecological morbidity, endometrial cancer (EC) presents for many decades 'the food for brains' of cancer endocrinologists. Step by step development of contemporary ideas and collecting the data on mechanisms of hormonal carcinogenesis, the role of excessive estrogenic stimulation and metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance as risk factors for EC, very probable gradual changing of the disease phenotype and significance of genetic damages (with PTEN-mutations as one of the examples), as a consequence point at potential perspectives in the usage of preventive and therapeutic approaches in this important area.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Endometriales/etiología , Neoplasias Endometriales/prevención & control , Estrógenos/efectos adversos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/efectos adversos , Anticonceptivos Hormonales Orales/administración & dosificación , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/etiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/prevención & control , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Mutación , Obesidad/complicaciones , Fenotipo , Factores de Riesgo , Moduladores Selectivos de los Receptores de Estrógeno/administración & dosificación , Moduladores Selectivos de los Receptores de Estrógeno/efectos adversos , Tamoxifeno/administración & dosificación , Tamoxifeno/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

The paper presents the results of a study of the ovarian reserve in young women who received treatment for malignant tumors in childhood and adolescence and are in complete clinical remission. The function of the reproductive system was evaluated by serum concentrations of gonadotropins, estradiol, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B. The results were compared to the treatment, patients' age at the beginning of therapy and at the time of the examination. AMH level in serum was the most informative indicator of ovarian reserve in patients treated for malignant tumors.

Asunto(s)

Hormona Antimülleriana/sangre , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Estradiol/sangre , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Inhibinas/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Neoplasias/terapia , Ovario/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores/sangre , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Niño , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Linfoma no Hodgkin/terapia , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Neuroblastoma/terapia , Osteosarcoma/terapia , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/patología , Ovario/efectos de la radiación , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Sarcoma de Ewing/terapia , Tumor de Wilms/terapia

RESUMEN

Frequency of separate malignancies and diabetes tends to an increase. This is one of the reasons that diabetes is more often attracting attention as a potential risk factor for cancer. At the same time, in general, relatively less attention is paid to the analysis of the question of whether the presence of diabetes is able to influence on features of neoplasm, inherent at the diagnosis, as well as on the clinical course of the tumor process and its outcomes. In this paper, exactly this aspect of the problem is considered on example of such common and characterized by undoubted specificity of tumors of the female reproductive system as breast cancer and uterine cancer.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias Uterinas/etiología

RESUMEN

Metabolism and information between cells is the basis of the existence of any multicellular organism. Malfunction of the intercellular communication play an important and sometimes decisive role in the pathogenesis of the most diseases, including cancer. According to traditional views, functional integration of individual cells in tissues, organs and organ systems is mediated by the efficient work of regulatory systems: nervous, immune, endocrine. Over the past few years the attention of scientists is attracted the ability of cells to "communicate" with the help of nanoscale vesicular formations, or so-called exosomes. There are accumulated data that the cells of the most tissues secrete exosomes into the intercellular environment, after which, by means of stream of blood or lymph, exosomes transferred to anatomically distant sites where they are accepted by the other cells. It is showed that the content of exosomes are not random and that vesicular transport may be targeted and to play a significant physiological and even "pathophysiological" role. The aim of this review is the analysis and integration of modern scientific data on the role of exosomes in the process of tumor progression and presentation of possible ways and methods of using these data in the practice of oncology.

Asunto(s)

Comunicación Celular , Exosomas , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Animales , Exosomas/metabolismo , Humanos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/patología , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

The state of the viscosity of erythrocyte membranes in breast cancer patients (68--in menopause and 32--with menstrual cycle) was studied in comparison with the content of steroid hormone receptors in the tumor tissue and the age of patients. It is showed that the less hormone dependence of the tumor the higher viscosity of erythrocyte membranes that manifested by a decrease in the coefficient of eximerization (CE) of pyrene in the protein/lipid and in particular, lipid/lipid membrane layers. Increasing CE of pyrene in lipid/lipid layer of erythrocyte membranes above 1.7 units, reflecting a decline in their microviscosity, could be considered as an additional extra-tumor criterion for identification of the tumor as of hormone dependent type.

Asunto(s)

Viscosidad Sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/metabolismo , Pirenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Lípidos de la Membrana/metabolismo , Menopausia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/sangre , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/diagnóstico , Fenotipo , Premenopausia , Receptores de Estrógenos/genética , Receptores de Progesterona/genética

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Oncología Médica , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/patología , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/fisiopatología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Federación de Rusia , Sociedades Médicas

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Endocrinología , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Medicina de Precisión , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Preliminary data are confirmed on the more rare prevalence of family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cancer patients, mainly females, with diabetes in comparison with diabetics without cancer pathology. Familial diabetes does not worsen additionally tumor characteristics against the same in patients with non-familial diabetes. More than that, familial diabetes in diabetics with breast cancer goes together with lesser size of tumor and demonstrates an inclination to the rarer distant metastases in breast and endometrial cancer patients. The signs of systemic DNA damage (evaluated, in particular, on the basis of 8-OH-dG serum levels) are pronounced in postmenopausal diabetic cancer patients with familial diabetes in lesser degree than in non-familial variant of DM. In toto, this allows to consider family history of DM in patients with type-2 diabetes as a particular factor of tumor growth containment, which mechanisms and causes, warrant further studies.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Daño del ADN , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Neoplasias Endometriales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/sangre , Neoplasias Endometriales/sangre , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Posmenopausia

RESUMEN

In order to assess the effectiveness of compression elastography of the thyroid gland as a method for differential diagnosis to studies conducted in the pre-operative period, there were involved 34 patients with a mean age 46.6 +/- 2.7 years. Elastography in the real time was characterized, according to the method of estimating, by a relatively high sensitivity (85.2-92.5%) and accuracy (70.6-79.4%), but low (30%) specificity. The specificity of the method, as it turned out, could be improved by taking into account the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood or body mass index (BMI) of the patients and, therefore, reducing the number of false-positive findings. Further improvement in the pre-operative diagnosis of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland and the formation of appropriate risk groups could be based on a combination of cytologic, hormonal, genetic and instrumental methods, including the so-called shear wave elastography.

Asunto(s)

Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Tirotropina/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Índice de Masa Corporal , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Preoperatorio , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

85 females were studied, 35 females had new onset of diabetes (DM2) and in 50 women DM2 was associated with recently diagnosed cancer (C+DM2). Group C+DM2 was characterized by higher levels ofbody mass index, insulinemia, estradiolemia, interleukin 6 in serum, and glyoxalase I activity in mononuclears. At the same time patients in C+DM2 group who had familial predisposition to DM2 were characterized by lower body mass index, body fat content, waist circumference, insulinemia, serum interleukin 6, viscosity of erythrocyte membranes and percent of comets in mononuclears in comparison with patients without familial predisposition to DM2. These trends were mostly opposite to the data of subgroups comparison (with or without relatives with DM2) in females with DM2 without cancer. The conclusion is made that the hereditary load with DM2 is differently realized in diabetics with higher or lower predisprosition to cancer that deserves further study.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Anciano , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Café , Membrana Eritrocítica , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Lactoilglutatión Liasa/sangre , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Posmenopausia , Testosterona/sangre , Circunferencia de la Cintura

RESUMEN

The group (totally 156 postmenopausal women) used for the study of 'standard' (S) and 'associated' (A) genetic markers of potential sensitivity to metformin (MF) consisted of 37 healthy females, 32--with diabetes (DM) without cancer, 64 cancer patients with DM, and 23 cancer patients without DM. No significant difference in carrying of S-polymorphisms was found between DM patients without and with cancer. In cancer patients without DM most characteristic data regarding potential MF-response were detected with polymorphisms of STK11 gene while data on OCT1_rs622342 and OCT1_R61C variants showed opposite trends. In regard of A-markers, the tendency to the more often finding of GC genotype of OLR1_GS01C in DM patients carrying 'MF-positive' variant of OCT1_R61C deserves to be underlined. In patients with new-onset diabetes who carried S-markers of potential response to MF higher insulin resistance (OCT1_R61C and OCT1_rs622342) as well as lower estradiolemia (STK11 and C11orf65) were discovered. Thus, according to genetic S-criteria of sensitivity to MF, DM patients with and without cancer differ in lesser degree than they differ from cancer patients without DM. It can not be excluded, that The efficiency of such criteria might be increased due to combination with A-markers and certain hormonal-metabolic indices.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Metformina/farmacocinética , Neoplasias , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biotransformación/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacocinética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/genética , Polimorfismo Genético

RESUMEN

Metformin (MF) belongs to the most popular andidiabetic medicines and is considered to possess a selective antineoplastic action. This selectivity at least partly may be explained by the certain features of MF pharmacogenetics. More than 150 postmenopausal females divided into 4 groups (cancer +diabetes type 2 (DM2); cancer without DM2; DM2 without cancer, and healthy) were studied. Genetic polymorphisms of the two groups of genes--entitled on the basis of the relation to potential MF effect as a 'standard' (S) or 'associated' (A)--were under investigation. Among S-markers a most informative in regard of MF response prediction appeared to be polymorphisms of OCT1-R61C organic cation transporter protein 1 gene and serin/threonine kinase STK11. In the group of A-polymorphisms the GC genotype of oxidized lipoprotein receptor OLR1_G501C demonstrated tendency to the combination with 'MF-positive' variant of OCT1_R61C. The carriers of the latter were characterized with insulin resistance while carriers of STK11 variants--with lower blood estradiol level. Postmenopausal diabetics with as well as without cancer, differ in genetic markers of potential response to metformin less than they differ from cancer patients without DM2.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Pruebas Genéticas , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Metformina/farmacología , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Quinasas de la Proteína-Quinasa Activada por el AMP , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Transportador 1 de Catión Orgánico/genética , Farmacogenética , Posmenopausia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Receptores Depuradores de Clase E/genética

RESUMEN

Although there is data suggesting the in vitro inhibition of aromatase in cell lines by antidiabetic biguanide metformin (MF), there is no data on the intratumoral breast cancer (BC) aromatase expression in patients already receiving therapy for type II diabetes. Paraffinized tumor samples obtained from 57 BC pts aged 48-77 yrs, >80% of pts had stage T1-2N0-3M0 BC. Thirteen of the pts didn't have diabetes, 44 pts were previously diagnosed type II diabetes and reseaved the following therapy for at least 1 year: diet only (n=14), sulphonylurea (SU, n=14), metformin (MF, n=9) or MF with SU (n=7). Tumor samples were deparaffinized in xylene and treated with the monoclonal aromatase antibody 677. The rate and intensity of tissue staining was then analyzed by semi-quantitative method using conventional scores. Negative controls were processed with 0.01 M PBS instead of the specific antibody. For positive control paraffin-embedded human placenta samples were used. By conventional scores method the following values were obtained: 1.31 (pts without diabetes), 1.47 (all diabetic patients), 2.22 (MF), 1.50 (SU), 1.29 (MF+SU), 1.81 (MF and MF+SU), 1.07 (diet). Allred scores for progesterone receptor (PR) were the highest in the samples from pts treated with MF or MF+SU and the lowest in the samples obtained from SU-treated pts. Thus, in contrast to previous findings suggesting the suppressive effect of MF on aromatase in vitro, no such trend was discovered for aromatase expression in tumor samples from diabetic patients treated with MF. Although the investigated patients population is still small, this data combined with clinical data (higher PR levels) may suggest the better responses to hormonal therapy in MF-treated diabetic patients.

Asunto(s)

Aromatasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Metformina/farmacología , Anciano , Aromatasa/biosíntesis , Aromatasa/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Inmunohistoquímica , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Mammographic breast density (MBD) value is currently one of the strong predictors for mammary carcinoma development. There are also other conditions predisposing to MBD increase with hormone-related markers different from those used in breast cancer, while pharmacological methods for MBD reduction are few and still considered experimental. In the current study 25 postmenopausal women received daily for a median 10.5 months 1-1.5 g of antidiabetic biguanide metformin (siofor) (n = 14) or 400-600 mg of antigenotoxic drug N-acetylcysteine (n = 11). In both groups MBD was measured before and after treatment. The effects of both drugs were quite similar. Metformin use lead to lower MBD in 4 of 14 (28.5%) women with mean MBD decrease of -1,24% (absolute dynamics) and -5.03% (relative value). In N-acetylcysteine group this effect was observed in 27.3% of cases, with -2.0% absolute dynamics and -6.1% relative dynamics. In metformin group the most evident absolute and relative dynamics was observed in patients with no signs of metabolic syndrome, -10.86% compared to -2.45%. In 7 women the metformin use also lead to decrease of dense and increase of non-dense areas on digital scans, leading to decrease in dense to non-dense area volume ratio. Therefore, the similar effects of metformin and N-acetylcysteine are probably explained mostly not by insulin resistance elimination by metformin, but by altered cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair.

Asunto(s)

Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Mama/efectos de los fármacos , Mama/patología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Mamografía , Metformina/farmacología , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/patología , Posmenopausia , Anciano , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Reparación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/metabolismo , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Of examined 37 breast cancer patients (average age 42,3 +/- 1,2 years) 25 had not had any specific therapy by the date of investigation and the rest 12 had received in average 5,3 +/- 0,6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy mainly TAC and FAC. It was revealed that such kind of treatment conformed to valid decrease of both testosterone level and ratio value [(testosterone concentration/follicle stimulating hormone concentration, FSH) x 100] in blood serum. Testosterone level in blood of patients in fact decreased to similar values both in amenorrhea induced by adjuvant chemotherapy and saving menorrhea. This is a confirmation that maintenance of menorrhea does not mean intactness of ovarian function (ovarian reserve) and indicates that evaluation of testosteronemia in these circumstance at least does not give in estimation of estradiol and FSH's content in blood. Further attention could be paid to study testosteronemia before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a potential additional prognostic factor of efficacy of this treatment for breast cancer patients.

Asunto(s)

Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Testosterona/sangre , Adulto , Amenorrea/inducido químicamente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Premenopausia , Pronóstico , Taxoides/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

In this mini-review the basic evidence about anticancer properties of ursolic acid (UA), the compound belonging to the class of triterpenoids, is given. Beside inhibiting tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo and activating of apoptosis, UA (as well as some other related and not related compounds) is capable to induce PTEN (a tumor suppressor mutation of which is rather often discovered in human tumors including endometrial cancer type I) and amount/activity of brown fat. The latter action may explain obesity-preventing capacity of UA that also may lead to an additional antiblastomogenic effect.

Asunto(s)

Tejido Adiposo Pardo/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Mutación/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/efectos de los fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacología , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Obesidad/prevención & control , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Ácido Ursólico

Asunto(s)

Tejido Adiposo Pardo/metabolismo , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/etiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Proteínas Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Animales , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Canales Iónicos/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Mutación , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogénicas/genética , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 1

RESUMEN

High level of thyroglobulin (Tg) after thyroidectomy has been shown to be an early marker of either metastases or local recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between Tg level estimated on the third week after thyroidectomy and clinic-pathologic characteristics of DTC as a possible prognostic criterion used to mark the patients with radioiodine therapy indications. Research data on 45 patients (39 women, 6 men, age 22-75 years) with DTC and without high level of Tg autoantibodies have been included in the study. Eleven patients underwent surgical treatment due to disease recurrence. In all patients Tg and thyroid hormones levels were measured before the thyroidectomy and on the third week after it. The postoperative level of Tg as TTM coefficient (ratio of postoperative Tg to daily L-thyroxin dose in mcg to body weight in kg) was higher in patients with unfavorable prognosis: (a) capsular invasion, (b) cervical lymph nodes metastases, (c) advanced disease stage, (d) high risk of recurrence. The postoperative serum Tg levels were similar in primary disease patients and patients with DTC recurrence. There was no relation between preoperative Tg level and any prognostic factors although there was a tendency to higher (more than 2 ng/ml) Tg levels in patents with high preoperative Tg levels. Finally, the serum Tg level on the third week after thyroidectomy is a valuable prognostic criterion and can be used in DTC to determine the radioiodine therapy indications.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Tiroglobulina/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Tiroidectomía , Tiroxina/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Terapia de Reemplazo de Hormonas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Reoperación , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

Although type 2 diabetes contributes to the risk of development of certain tumors; factors which modify this relationship need to be further examined. Familial diabetes frequency was followed in (a) diabetes-free cancer patients (132), aged 60.3 +/- 1.2; (b) cancer patients with apparent (62.3 +/- 0.4; n=371) or occult type 2 diabetes (61.6 +/- 1.2; n=65) and (c) cancer-free patients with type 2 diabetes (61.8 +/- 0.4; n=237); the latter group (172 females and 65 males) featured almost identical diabetes frequencies: 30.8 +/- 3.5% and 30.8 +/- 5.7%, respectively. They significantly exceeded a relevant index occurring in families free from cancer concomitant with diabetes (6.1 +/- 2.1%). Significantly lower frequencies of familial diabetes were reported in cancer patients as compared with cancer-free patients (12.9 +/- 2.1% females, p < or = 0.01; 19.4 +/- 3.8% - males, p=0.1). To sum up, it cannot be ruled out that familial diabetes is a marker of relative decrease in potential risk of cancer rather than that of increase. The causes of this phenomenon and its possible dependence on gender need to be explored.

Asunto(s)

Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales

RESUMEN

Our study involving healthy postmenopausal females established that mammographic breast tissue density was lower in cases of more intensive stimulation by glucose of reactive insulinemia and glucose-induced glyoxalase I activity in bood mononuclears as well as in women with higher concentrations of circulating CD90+stem cells. Conversely, the density tended to increase in those with higher ratio of glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in mononuclears. Our data point to possible mechanisms of increased density as a breast cancer factor when concomitant with relative predominance of progenotoxic effect of glucose and lower CD90+stem cells levels which are believed by some authors to be capable of suppressing the growth of certain tumors.

Asunto(s)

Mama/patología , Glucosa/farmacología , Hiperinsulinismo/enzimología , Lactoilglutatión Liasa/metabolismo , Mamografía , Células Madre/metabolismo , Anciano , Mama/enzimología , Femenino , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Glucosa/efectos adversos , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/inducido químicamente , Lactoilglutatión Liasa/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Posmenopausia/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Antígenos Thy-1/metabolismo