RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bioprosthetic valve replacement in young patients remains a controversial issue due to a high rate of early calcification. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that high-temperature fixation of glutaraldehyde preserved bioprosthesis (HTF) mitigates calcification. The first clinical application of this technique was started in 1991. METHODS: From January 1991 to September 1998, 50 patients in whom anticoagulants were contraindicated underwent single aortic valve replacement (n = 33) or mitral valve replacement (n = 17) using HTF bioprostheses. The age of the patients ranged from 7 months to 35 years (mean 22.7+/-6.8 years). The mean New York Heart Association status was 2.4. Mean follow-up 4 years +/- 1.8 for a total follow-up of 196 patient-years. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths and but there were two late deaths, one valve related. Structural failure occured in 4 patients (2%/patient-year) requiring a reoperation in 3 patients (1.5%/patient-year). No endocarditis or thromboembolic episodes were observed. At late examination (June 2000), 46 patients (92%) were in New York Heart Association class I or II, with a well functioning valve. CONCLUSIONS: Replacement with HTF bioprostheses in young patients has demonstrated encouraging midterm results with a low incidence of structural failure
Asunto(s)
Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Bioprótesis , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Diseño de Prótesis , Fijación del Tejido , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Causas de Muerte , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Falla de PrótesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of calcification of porcine valve bioprostheses shows important, and as yet unexplained, variations. Previous studies by others showed that osteopontin and osteocalcin are expressed in calcified porcine valve bioprostheses. However, no study has yet explored other proteins that could also be involved. METHODS: Twelve porcine valve bioprostheses were retrieved from 12 patients and were separated into two groups. Group 1 (n = 6) had early calcification after 4 to 9 years (mean, 6+/-2.3 years). The mean age of the patients at the time of implantation was 46+/-9 years. Group 2 (n = 6) had no calcification after 8 to 14 years (mean, 12+/-2.8 years). The mean age was 47+/-13.4 years. These valves were analyzed by electrophoresis, and the bands were quantified by densitometry. RESULTS: A 14-kd protein showed a 50% increase in the calcified group. A 31-kd protein found in the calcified group was not detected in the noncalcified group. Three other proteins (45, 39, and 28 kd) showed reduced adsorption in the calcified group. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences were found in the proteins adsorbed in calcified and noncalcified bioprostheses after implantation in patients. Besides osteopontin and osteocalcin, several other proteins may play a role in the process of calcification of valvular bioprostheses.
Asunto(s)
Bioprótesis , Calcinosis/patología , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/patología , Proteínas/análisis , Adsorción , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteocalcina/análisis , Osteopontina , Sialoglicoproteínas/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation associated with Marfan's syndrome remains controversial because of the underlying degenerative process. METHODS: From October 1986 to June 1996, 33 patients with Marfan's syndrome underwent a mitral valve procedure. The mean age was 30 years (range, 2 to 55 years). Mitral regurgitation was caused by annulus dilatation in 2 patients, leaflet prolapse in 30 patients, and restricted leaflet motion in 1 patient. Mitral valve repair was performed in all patients except 1 who had mitral valve replacement. RESULTS: Two patients died in the perioperative period. All survivors were available for follow-up, which ranged from 1 month to 122 months (mean follow-up, 39 months). There were three late deaths, two of which were related to aortic complications. The actuarial survival rate was 78.9% at 10 years. Freedom from mitral valve reoperation was 87.1% at 10 years. Echocardiographic studies were obtained in all survivors and showed absent or mild (1+) mitral regurgitation in 21 patients and moderate (2+) mitral regurgitation in 3. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation in patients with Marfan's syndrome can be performed safely in almost all instances. This technique provided stable midterm results comparable with those obtained for other degenerative mitral valve diseases.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Marfan/complicaciones , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Análisis Actuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Causas de Muerte , Niño , Preescolar , Dilatación Patológica/complicaciones , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Mitral/patología , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/etiología , Prolapso de la Válvula Mitral/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
For many years, valvulitis in systemic lupus erythematosus has been known to occur. Our patient was a 17-year-old girl who presented with severe mitral incompetence and renal insufficiency due to lupus valvulitis. The patient was first treated by mitral valve repair, but follow-up disclosed precocious calcification of the valve, necessitating mitral valve replacement with a cryopreserved homograft. At follow-up after 1 year, echocardiography has shown the valve to be functioning normally. A reconstructive mitral valve operation would seem to be preferable. However, a conservative operation does not alter the natural history of the disease and the progression of valve thickening and calcification.
Asunto(s)
Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Válvula Mitral/trasplante , Adolescente , Calcinosis/diagnóstico , Calcinosis/etiología , Calcinosis/cirugía , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/etiología , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/cirugía , Humanos , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Inflamación/etiología , Inflamación/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/etiología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Trasplante HomólogoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A new annuloplasty ring has been developed with the aim of adding flexibility to the remodeling annuloplasty concept. Here we report its clinical use with special emphasis on segmental valve analysis and valve sizing. METHODS: From October 1992 through June 1994, 137 patients aged 4 to 76 years (mean age, 49.1 years) were operated on. The main causes of mitral valve insufficiency were degenerative, 90; bacterial endocarditis, 15; and rheumatic, 13. The indication for operation was based on the severity of the mitral valve insufficiency (90 patients were in grade III or IV) rather than on functional class (60 patients were in class III or IV). At echocardiography 6 patients had normal leaflet motion (type I), 119 leaflet prolapse (type II), and 12 restricted leaflet motion (type III). Surgical repair was carried out using Carpentier techniques of valve reconstruction. In 3 patients, inadequate ring sizing was responsible for systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet diagnosed by intraoperative echo. The valve was replaced in 2 patients. There were three hospital deaths, no late deaths, one reoperation for recurrent mitral valve insufficiency due to chordal rupture 1 month after repair, one reoperation for atrial thrombus formation 5 months after repair, one anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, and one thromboembolic episode. RESULTS: Mid-term follow-up between 6 and 18 months was available in 94 patients. Echocardiography showed trivial or no regurgitation in 93.2% of the patients and minimal regurgitation in 6.8%. The average transmitral diastolic gradient was 3.55 +/- 1.93 mm Hg. Left ventricular end-systolic diameter and volume decreased postoperatively, demonstrating an improved left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary experience has provided promising results and allowed us to define the indications of the Physio-Ring versus the classic ring. It has also shown that valve sizing and proper ring selection are of primary importance.