RESUMEN

In this study we present the development of an injectable polymeric drug delivery system for subconjunctival treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. The system consists of hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA), which is commonly used in ophthalmology in anterior segment surgery, and an isocyanate-functionalized 1,2-ethylene glycol bis(dilactic acid) (ELA-NCO). The polymer mixtures with different ratios of HA to ELA-NCO (1/1, 1/4, and 1/10 (v/v)) were investigated for biocompatibility, degradation behavior and applicability as a sustained release system. For the latter, the lipophilic latanoprost ester pro-drug (LA) was incorporated into the HA/ELA-NCO system. In vitro, a sustained LA release over a period of about 60days was achieved. In cell culture experiments, the HA/ELA-NCO (1/1, (v/v)) system was proven to be biocompatible for human and rabbit Tenon's fibroblasts. Examination of in vitro degradation behavior revealed a total mass loss of more than 60% during the observation period of 26weeks. In vivo, LA was continuously released for 152days into rabbit aqueous humor and serum. Histological investigations revealed a marked leuko-lymphocytic infiltration soon after subconjunctival injection. Thereafter, the initial tissue reaction declined concomitantly with a continuous degradation of the polymer, which was completed after 10months. Our study demonstrates the suitability of the polymer resulting from the reaction of HA with ELA-NCO as an injectable local drug delivery system for glaucoma therapy, combining biocompatibility and biodegradability with prolonged drug release.

Asunto(s)

Conjuntiva , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Humor Acuoso/metabolismo , Materiales Biocompatibles , Células Cultivadas , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Portadores de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ojo/patología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/patología , Humanos , Ácido Hialurónico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Hialurónico/uso terapéutico , Inyecciones , Latanoprost , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Polímeros , Profármacos/administración & dosificación , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/administración & dosificación , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/uso terapéutico , Conejos

RESUMEN

In the racemic title compound, C(22)H(23)NO(7), the dihedral angle between the fused ring systems is 51.87 (6)°. Two of the meth-oxy groups are disordered over two orientations in 0.688 (5):0.312 (5) and 0.672 (15):0.328 (15) ratios. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules.

RESUMEN

The addition of alkali or silver salts of dicyanoamide (dca), tricyanomethanide (tcm) and tetracyanoborate (tcb) to a solution of B(C(6)F(5))(3) in diethyl ether affords salts containing very voluminous B(C(6)F(5))(3) adduct anions of the type [E(CN)(n)(-)] x [B(C(6)F(5))(3)](n): E = N (dca_nb with n = 1, 2; b = B(C(6)F(5))(3)); E = C (tcm_nb with n = 1, 2, 3), and E = B (tcb_nb with n = 1, 2, 3, 4). Salts bearing these anions such as B[(CN) x B(C(6)F(5))(3)](4)(-) (= [B(CN)(4)(-)] x [B(C(6)F(5))(3)](4)), C[(CN) x B(C(6)F(5))(3)](3)(-) (= [C(CN)(3)(-)] x [B(C(6)F(5))(3)](3)), and N[(CN) x B(C(6)F(5))(3)](2)(-) (=[N(CN)(2)(-)] x [B(C(6)F(5))(3)](2)) can be prepared in good yields. They are thermally stable up to over 200 degrees C and dissolve in polar organic solvents. Depending on the stoichiometry mono-, di-, tri-, or tetraadduct formation is observed. The solid state structures of dca_2b, tcm_3b and tcb_4b salts show only long cation...anion contacts and thereby weak interactions, large anion volumes and only small distortions of the dca, tcm or tcb core enwrapped between B(C(6)F(5))(3) groups. That is why these anions can be regarded as weakly coordinating anions. On the basis of B3LYP/6-31+G(d) computations the energetics, structural trends and charge transfer of the adduct anion formation were studied. Since tcm_3b and tcb_4b are easily accessible and can also be prepared in large quantities, these anions may be utilized as a true alternative to other widely used weakly coordinating anions. Moreover, for both steric and electronic reasons it seems reasonable to expect that as counterions for cationic early transition metal catalysts such anions may show reduced ion pairing and hence increased catalytic activity.