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Abstract Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) protein participates in proliferation, migration, cell survival, and apoptosis process. It has been described as overexpressed in several neoplasms being a promising target for therapy. BCR-ABL negative chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders characterized by the excess of proliferation and apoptosis resistance. The identification of the acquired JAK2 V617F mutation in MPN patients allowed a better understanding of pathogenesis. However, there is still no pharmacological treatment that leads all patients to molecular remission, justifying new studies. The present study aimed to evaluate FAK involvement in the viability and apoptosis of HEL and SET-2 cells, both JAK2 V617F positive cell lines. The FAK inhibitor PF 562,271 was used. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay and apoptosis verified by cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase 3 and Annexin-V/PI staining detection. FAK inhibition significantly reduced HEL and SET-2 cells viability and induced apoptosis. Considering the role of JAK/STAT pathway in MPN, further investigation of FAK participation in the MPN cells proliferation and apoptosis resistance, as well as possible crosstalk between JAK and FAK and downstream pathways may contribute to the knowledge of MPN pathophysiology, the discovery of new molecular targets, and JAK inhibitors resistance mechanisms.

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Dropping out of university studies is one of the current problems of Higher Education; the increased rates during the first year of the study programme is considerable around the world. Dropping out has negative social implications that are reflected at the personal, family, institutional, and educational levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate a predictive model considering the mediation of university social satisfaction and perceived academic performance within the relations between perceived social support, social self-efficacy and academic purposes with career satisfaction and dropout intention in Chilean university students. A non-experimental explanatory design of latent and observed variables was used. Structural equation analyses with Mplus software were performed. The sample consisted of 956 first year university students. The study complied with the ethical requirements for research with human subjects. As a result, a predictive model with adequate adjustment indexes was obtained. When evaluating the explanatory capacity through the coefficient of determination (R2 ), it was observed that it explains 38.9 and 27.4% of the variance of the dropout intention and career satisfaction, respectively. This percentage of explanation indicates a large effect size in Social Sciences; therefore, they are considered adequate predictive models. The mediation of university social satisfaction on the relationships between social support, social self-efficacy, and academic purposes with academic adjustment and dropout intention was, respectively, confirmed. The perception of academic performance has less influence on dropout intention and on career satisfaction among first-year students. The model obtained allows explaining the dropout intention and career satisfaction in first year students. In addition, it is composed of variables that can potentially be modified in the interaction of students and professors.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of relative humidity (RH) and different dry aging methods on the quality of beef. Sixteen loins, from eight carcasses, were used in this experiment. Each pair of loin was cut into eight sections with equal size, which were evenly assigned to eight treatments, by the combination of two dry aging methods (traditional and highly moisture-permeable special bag), two relative humidity (65 and 85% RH) and two aging times (21 and 42 days). At 85% RH, neither special bag nor the traditional dry aging methods were viable, since samples presented high microbiological counts, mucus and bad odor. At 65% RH, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria were not detected in any treatment. The highest aerobic plate count and psychrotrophic count were observed in the samples of the traditional dry-aged process whereas the special bag showed the greatest mold and yeast count. Regarding dry aging in special bag, there was a reduction in the weight loss (P < 0.05) and no change in the physical-chemical characteristics (P > 0.05) compared to traditional dry aging. The values of pH, moisture and Warner-Bratzler shear force were not affected (P > 0.05) by aging method and relative humidity. Thus, the results indicate that high RH should be avoided for both dry aging methods. Furthermore, the special bag dry aging can be considered an alternative to produce dry-aged beef, as it reduces weight losses even at conditions of lower relative humidity.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the use of exogenous melatonin affects sleep, reduces the prevalence of delirium, and decreases the need for analgosedation and to assess whether serum melatonin indices correlate with exogenous administration in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Multicenter ICUs of two tertiary hospitals. PATIENTS: A total of 203 adult patients who were admitted to the ICU and administered with analgesics and/or sedatives. INTERVENTIONS: Oral melatonin (10 mg) or placebo for up to seven consecutive nights. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The number of observed sleeping hours at night was assessed by the bedside nurse. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Richards Campbell Questionnaire Sleep (RCSQ). The prevalence of delirium, pain, anxiety, adverse reactions, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stays, and doses of sedative and analgesic drugs administered were recorded. The use of analgesics and sedatives was assessed daily. Melatonin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Based on the RCSQ results, sleep quality was assessed to be better in the melatonin group than that in the placebo group with a mean (SD) of 69.7 (21.2) and 60.7 (26.3), respectively (p = 0.029). About 45.8% and 34.4% of participants in the melatonin and placebo groups had very good sleep (risk ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.94-1.89), whereas 3.1% and 14.6% had very poor sleep (risk ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06-0.71), respectively. No significant difference was observed regarding the days free of analgesics or sedatives, the duration of night sleep, and the occurrence of delirium, pain, and anxiety. Melatonin serum peak levels at 2 AM were 150 pg/mL (range, 125-2,125 pg/mL) in the melatonin group and 32.5 pg/mL (range, 18.5-35 pg/mL) in the placebo group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin was associated with better sleep quality, which suggests its possible role in the routine care of critically ill patients in the future.

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Slice shear force (SSF) and laser diffraction, considered faster methodologies, for measuring beef instrumental tenderness and sarcomere length, were compared with reference methodologies Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and phase contrast microscopy. Striploin samples (n = 74) were analyzed for pH, sarcomere length, instrumental tenderness, myofibrillar fragmentation index, and sensorial tenderness. Pearson's correlation measured the association of meat evaluation methods with residual analysis of the multivariate analysis of variance model. The n-dimensional profile to evaluated methods was presented by biplot to identify the behavior of the correlation between the methods (variables). There was moderate correlation between SSF and WBSF (r = .63; p < .01) and both presented moderate correlation with sensorial tenderness (r = - .62 and -.55, to SSF and WBSF, respectively; p < .01). However, WBSF was more efficient to classify samples as tender (68%) than SSF (47%), comparing with sensorial tenderness (80%). There was a moderate correlation for laser and microscopy for sarcomere length (r = .57; p < .01). Sarcomeres were shorter when measured by laser than microscopy. Either with low correlation coefficients, sarcomere measured by laser (r = .29; p < .05) presented higher correlation with sensorial tenderness than with microscopy (r = .22; p < .10). Results highlighted that SSF was faster and easier to run, while WBSF was more appropriate to classify samples by sensorial tenderness grades. Laser diffraction is more suitable to explain effects on tenderness; however, microscopy revealed results of sarcomere length that were more realistic, once laser can underestimate sarcomeres.

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This study evaluated the effects of freezing, prior to and after dry aging, on the microbiological and physical-chemical quality of beef. Strip loins (n = 24) from 12 carcasses were assigned to four treatments: non-frozen dry aging (Dry); dry aging, steak fabrication, freezing and slow thawing (Dry + ST); freezing, fast thawing (FT; 20 °C/15 h) and dry aging (FT + Dry); freezing, slow thawing (ST; 4 °C/48 h) and dry aging (ST + Dry). Freezing conditions were - 20 °C/28 days and dry aging conditions were 2 °C/70% relative humidity, for 28 days. Freezing prior to dry aging did not affect the microbial counts compared to Dry. However, FT + Dry and ST + Dry increased (16%) total process loss (P < .05) compared to Dry and Dry+ST. Moreover, freezing changed volatile compounds profile. Thus, freezing prior to dry aging was not a feasible process due to increased process loss, while freezing after dry aging was considered a viable alternative to preserve the steaks without compromising beef physical-chemical traits.

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O abandono no Ensino Superior é um tema relevante pela sua incidência e consequências negativas no estudante, família, instituição e sociedade em geral. Procurando conhecer os motivos da intenção de abandono, investigadores do Brasil, Espanha e Portugal convergiram na construção de um questionário de avaliação transcultural. Atendendo à multidimensionalidade das causas de abandono, o questionário abarca seis dimensões: Social, Acadêmica, Professores, Saúde e Bem-estar, Institucional e Financeira. A análise fatorial, com amostras autônomas de estudantes do 1º ano do Brasil, Espanha e Portugal, mostrou uma distribuição adequada dos itens nas seis dimensões, com alguma discrepância na dimensão Professores na amostra do Brasil. Os índices de consistência interna atingiram níveis adequados nas seis dimensões (valores entre 0,74 e 0,91). Futuros desenvolvimentos devem testar a dimensionalidade do questionário e a sua invariância nos três países, incluindo já variáveis psicológicas e académicas para análise da validade de critério. (AU)

The dropout in higher education assumes relevant percentages, with negative consequences for the students, family, institution and society in general. In order to know the reasons for the dropout intention, researchers from Brazil, Spain and Portugal converged on the construction of a transcultural questionnaire. Face the multidimensional nature of dropout causes, the questionnaire assesses six dimensions: Social, Academic, Faculty, Health and Wellbeing, Institutional, and Financial. The factorial analysis, with autonomous samples of first-year students from Brazil, Spain and Portugal, showed an adequate distribution of the items by the six dimensions, with some difficulties in Faculty dimension in Brazilian sample. The internal consistency of items reached adequate levels in those six dimensions (values range from .74 to .91). Future developments should test the dimensionality of the questionnaire and its invariance in all three countries, including other psychological and academic variables for criterion validity analysis. (AU)

El abandono en la enseñanza superior es un tema relevante por su incidencia y por sus consecuencias negativas a nivel personal, familiar, institucional y social. En búsqueda de conocer las razones de intención de abandono, investigadores de Brasil, España y Portugal participaron en la construcción de un cuestionario de evaluación transcultural. Dicho instrumento, de naturaleza multidimensional, se organiza en seis dimensiones: Social, Académica, Profesorado, Salud y Bienestar, Institucional y Financiera. El análisis factorial, con muestras independientes de los estudiantes del primer año de Brasil, España y Portugal, mostró una distribución adecuada de los ítems en las seis dimensiones, con alguna discrepancia en la dimensión Profesorado en la muestra brasileña. Los índices de consistencia interna alcanzaron niveles adecuados (valores entre .74 y .91), si bien que se debe realizar nuevos estudios para probar la dimensionalidad del cuestionario y su invariancia en los tres países, incluyendo las variables psicológicas y académicas para analizar la validez de criterio. (AU)

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O perfil do consumidor brasileiro se tornou mais exigente em relação à qualidade da carne. Entre os atributos que fazem parte dessa definição, as características de palatabilidade são de suma importância para a avaliação do consumidor e podem ser melhoradas por meio da maturação. Essa técnica consiste em armazenar a carne em câmaras frias, sob condições controladas de temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do ar, por um período de tempo, a fim de que enzimas endógenas promovam mudanças em sua estrutura. Os métodos de maturação seca e úmida podem interferir diferentemente em muitos atributos. Em razão disso, esta revisão bibliográfica objetivou comparar esses dois processos, frente a alguns dos parâmetros de palatabilidade, como maciez, sabor e aroma da carne bovina, além da qualidade microbiológica dos produtos. Conclui-se que os processos de maturação, úmido e seco, melhoram a maciez da carne na mesma proporção, mas a maturação a seco possibilita o desenvolvimento de atributos de sabor mais desejáveis, quando comparado com a maturação úmida. Entretanto, os mecanismos responsáveis por esta melhoria ainda não são claros e precisam ser melhor investigados. De maneira geral a proliferação de micro-organismos é melhor controlada na maturação a seco, mas cuidados especiais devem ser tomados quando da etapa de toalete, remoção das superfícies ressecadas, para não haver contaminação cruzada

The Brazilian consumer's profile has become more rigorous regarding to meat quality. Among the attributes that are part of definition of quality, palatability characteristics are the main concern for consumer evaluation and may be improved by aging. This technique consists in storing the meat in cold storage under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity and air flow during a period of time in order to promote changes in its structure by the activity of endogenous enzymes. The dry-aging and wet-aging differ in many attributes. Therefore, this review proposes to compare those two processes regarding to some of their palatability parameters such as tenderness, flavor and aroma in beef, in addition to verify the microbiological quality of the products. It is concluded that the dry aging process is simple, but requires special care to meet desired sensory results and ensure microbiological safety

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O perfil do consumidor brasileiro se tomou mais exigente em relação à qualidade da carne. Entre os atributos que fazem parte dessa definição, as características de palatabilidade são de suma importância para a avaliação de consumidor e podem ser melhoradas por meio da maturação. Essa técnica consiste em armazenar a carne em câmaras frias, sob condições controladas de temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do ar, por um período de tempo, a fim de que enzimas endógenas promovam mudanças em sua estrutura. Os métodos de maturação seca e úmida podem interferir diferentemente em muitos atributos. Em razão disso, esta revisão bibliográfica objetivou comparar esses dois processos, frente a alguns dos parâmetros de palatabilidade, como maciez, sabor e aroma da carne bovina, além da qualidade microbiológica dos produtos. Conclui-se que os processos de maturação, úmido e seco, melhoram a maciez da carne na mesma proporção, mas a maturação a seco possibilita o desenvolvimento de atributos de sabor mais desejáveis, quando comparado com a maturação úmida. Entretanto, os mecanismos responsáveis por esta melhoria ainda não são claros e precisam ser melhor investigados. De maneira geral a proliferação de micro-organismos é melhor controlada na maturação a seco, mas cuidados especiais devem ser tomados quando da etapa de toalete, remoção das superfícies ressecadas, para não haver contaminação cruzada.

The Brazilian consumer's profile has become more rigorous regarding to meat quality. Among the attributes that are part of definition of quality, palatability characteristics are the main concern for consumer evaluation and may be improved by aging. This technique consists in storing the meat in cold storage under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity and air flow during a period of time in order to promote changes in its structure by the activity of endogenous enzymes. The dry-aging and wet-aging differ in many attributes. Therefore, this review proposes to compare those two processes regarding to some of their palatability parameters such as tenderness, flavor and aroma in beef, in addition to verify the microbiological quality of the products. lt is concluded that the dry aging process is simple, but requires special care to meet desired sensory results and ensure microbiological safety.

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O perfil do consumidor brasileiro se tomou mais exigente em relação à qualidade da carne. Entre os atributos que fazem parte dessa definição, as características de palatabilidade são de suma importância para a avaliação de consumidor e podem ser melhoradas por meio da maturação. Essa técnica consiste em armazenar a carne em câmaras frias, sob condições controladas de temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do ar, por um período de tempo, a fim de que enzimas endógenas promovam mudanças em sua estrutura. Os métodos de maturação seca e úmida podem interferir diferentemente em muitos atributos. Em razão disso, esta revisão bibliográfica objetivou comparar esses dois processos, frente a alguns dos parâmetros de palatabilidade, como maciez, sabor e aroma da carne bovina, além da qualidade microbiológica dos produtos. Conclui-se que os processos de maturação, úmido e seco, melhoram a maciez da carne na mesma proporção, mas a maturação a seco possibilita o desenvolvimento de atributos de sabor mais desejáveis, quando comparado com a maturação úmida. Entretanto, os mecanismos responsáveis por esta melhoria ainda não são claros e precisam ser melhor investigados. De maneira geral a proliferação de micro-organismos é melhor controlada na maturação a seco, mas cuidados especiais devem ser tomados quando da etapa de toalete, remoção das superfícies ressecadas, para não haver contaminação cruzada.(AU)

The Brazilian consumer's profile has become more rigorous regarding to meat quality. Among the attributes that are part of definition of quality, palatability characteristics are the main concern for consumer evaluation and may be improved by aging. This technique consists in storing the meat in cold storage under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity and air flow during a period of time in order to promote changes in its structure by the activity of endogenous enzymes. The dry-aging and wet-aging differ in many attributes. Therefore, this review proposes to compare those two processes regarding to some of their palatability parameters such as tenderness, flavor and aroma in beef, in addition to verify the microbiological quality of the products. lt is concluded that the dry aging process is simple, but requires special care to meet desired sensory results and ensure microbiological safety.(AU)

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Ricoseius loxocheles (De Leon) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is often found in coffee crops and is known to feed on coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome (Uredinales). As the occurrence of coffee leaf rust is limited primarily to the rainy season, the mite may use other food sources to survive during the periods of low pathogen prevalence. It is well known that phytoseiid mites can survive on a variety of food sources, such as herbivorous mites, fungi and pollen. We evaluated the ability of R. loxocheles to survive and reproduce on a diet of Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), cattail pollen (Typha spp.), clover rust (Puccinia oxalidis), bee pollen (Santa Bárbara® dehydrated pollen, Santa Bárbara, MG, Brazil) and coffee leaf rust. Ricoseius loxocheles did not survive or reproduce on any B. phoenicis stages tested (egg, larva, adult). The survival and oviposition of R. loxocheles were directly affected by the presence of coffee rust urediniospores, but not by the presence of the prey. Survival and oviposition of the phytoseiid were similar when fed cattail pollen, clover rust and coffee leaf rust but was lower when fed bee pollen. Our results show that R. loxocheles is not a predator of B. phoenicis but it is able to utilize other resources besides coffee leaf rust.

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Chorioangiomas are the most common benign placental tumors, with an estimated prevalence of 1%. Whilst small chorioangiomas usually remain asymptomatic and are of no clinical significance, larger tumors (>4cm) can be associated with a variety of complications, ranging from fetal anemia to in-utero demise in up to 40% of cases. Despite size being a major determinant for the risk of complications, the degree of the chorioangioma's vascularity also seems to play a role. In fact, in selected cases, occluding the tumors vessels (e.g. with alcoholic instillation) appears to improve the prognosis due to the subsequent tumor ischemia. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman who at 29 weeks was found to have a large placental hypervascular mass (93mm×66mm) and polyhydramnios, with an elevated peak systolic volume in the middle cerebral artery. She was given corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation, and throughout her admission both the volume of amniotic fluid stabilized and the peak systolic volume in the middle cerebral artery normalized, with changing of the ultrasonographic characteristics of the chorioangioma, with apparent progressive necrosis. At 34 weeks, a large subchorionic hematoma was found and, due to the risk of impending placental abruption, we opted to deliver by cesarean section, with a favorable outcome.(AU)

Corioangiomas são os tumores placentários benignos mais comuns, com uma prevalência estimada de 1%. Embora pequenos corioangiomas geralmente permaneçam assintomáticos e não tenham significância clínica, tumores maiores (> 4cm) podem estar associados a diversas complicações, que variam de anemia fetal até a morte intraútero em até 40% dos casos. Ainda que o tamanho do tumor seja um determinante principal para o risco de complicações, o grau da vascularidade do corioangioma também parece desempenhar um papel importante. De fato, em casos selecionados, a oclusão dos vasos tumorais (por exemplo, através de instilação de álcool) parece melhorar o prognóstico devido à subsequente isquemia tumoral. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 40 anos a qual, com 29 semanas de gestação, apresentava grande massa hipervascular placentária (93×66mm) e poli-hidrâmnio, com elevação do peak systolic volume in the middle cerebral artery. Ela recebeu corticosteroides para a estimulação da maturação pulmonar fetal e durante a sua internação o volume de líquido amniótico foi estabilizado e o peak systolic volume in the middle cerebral artery normalizado, com mudança nas características ultrassonográficas do corioangioma, com necrose progressiva aparente. Com 34 semanas de gestação, observou-se a presença de hematoma subcoriônico de grande porte e, devido ao risco de descolamento prematuro da placenta, optou-se por parto cesariano, com desfecho favorável.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of water aerobics during pregnancy. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial carried out in 71 low-risk sedentary pregnant women, randomly allocated to water aerobics or no physical exercise. Maternal body composition and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. For statistical analysis Chi-square, Fisher's or Student's t-tests were applied. Risk ratios and their 95% CI were estimated for main outcomes. Body composition was evaluated across time using MANOVA or Friedman multiple analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups regarding maternal weight gain, BMI or percentage of body fat during pregnancy. Incidence of preterm births (RR = 0.84; 95%CI:0.28-2.53), vaginal births (RR = 1.24; 95%CI:0.73-2.09), low birthweight (RR = 1.30; 95%CI:0.61-2.79) and adequate weight for gestational age (RR = 1.50; 95%CI:0.65-3.48) were also not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate between before and immediately after the water aerobics session. CONCLUSION: Water aerobics for sedentary pregnant women proved to be safe and was not associated with any alteration in maternal body composition, type of delivery, preterm birth rate, neonatal well-being or weight.

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OBJETIVO: Conhecer a prevalência do tabagismo e descrever o perfil e hábitos do consumo tabágico entre alunos da Universidade de Brasília. MÉTODOS: Responderam a um questionário adaptado sobre tabagismo, da Organização Mundial da Saúde, com perguntas dirigidas a fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes, 1.341 alunos. Foram avaliados vinte cursos diferentes pertencentes às áreas de ciências da saúde, exatas e humanas. No momento da pesquisa, os universitários estavam cursando o segundo semestre letivo de 2003, devidamente matriculados no período diurno. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 14,7 por cento. Cerca de 80,8 por cento dos alunos não eram fumantes e 4,5 por cento foram classificados como ex-fumantes. Da amostra total, 57,3 por cento eram homens. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05) na prevalência de tabagismo entre os sexos ou períodos cursados. A média de idade da população estudada foi de 21,6 ± 3,6 anos, com idade média de início do tabagismo de 17 ± 2,8 anos. Os cursos de Geologia, Comunicação e História apresentaram as maiores prevalências de fumantes com 32,9 por cento, 26,3 por cento e 24,4 por cento, respectivamente. Foi observado consumo médio de 7,5 cigarros por dia. O cigarro industrializado foi citado como o tipo de tabaco mais comumente utilizado entre os universitários (72,6 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Esta alta prevalência assemelha-se às de outros centros universitários e demanda políticas de controle do tabagismo nos meios universitários.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of smoking and to describe the profile and smoking habits of students attending the Universidade de Brasília (University of Brasília) in Brasília, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 1341 students responded to a smoking questionnaire, adapted from the World Health Organization questionnaire, including questions directed at smokers, former smokers and nonsmokers. Twenty different courses in the areas of health, exact sciences and human sciences were evaluated. The students included in the study were duly enrolled in day courses and were evaluated during the second semester of 2003. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking was 14.7%. Approximately 80.8% of the students were nonsmokers, and 4.5% were former smokers. In the study sample, 57.3% of the students were male. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of smoking was observed in terms of gender or class year. The mean age of the study population was 21.6 +/- 3.6 years, and the mean age at which the smoking habit was acquired was 17 +/- 2.8 years. The percentage of smokers was higher in the Geology, Communication, and History courses (32.9, 26.3 and 24.4%, respectively). Mean consumption was 7.5 cigarettes per day. The majority (72.6%) of the students used commercial cigarettes rather than other types of tobacco. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of smoking observed in the present study is similar to that reported for other universities and indicates the need for smoking control policies in university environments.

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O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar a inter-relação entre volume do líquido amniótico, atividade física e imersão em água na gestação. Utilizando diferentes combinações desses termos, foram consultadas as bases de dados do MedLine e do Scielo, no período de 1980 a 2005 para a identificação de artigos relevantes ao assunto. O líquido amniótico é fundamental no desenvolvimento dos sistemas músculo-esquelético, gastrointestinal e respiratório fetal. Sua avaliação no passado era imprecisa, mas com o advento da ultra-sonografia, tornou-se fácil e não invasiva. Surgiram técnicas para a aferição do seu volume e curvas de normalidade. Mais recentemente, têm-se tentado diversas técnicas para a correção do seu volume, na tentativa de diminuir a morbidade associada. Um método não invasivo muito utilizado no Brasil é a hiperhidratação materna. Outros autores sugerem medidas como a imersão estática ou com atividade física em água, muito na moda nos dias de hoje. Ainda são poucos os estudos relativos à prática da atividade física na água para gestantes e seus benefícios maternos, fetais e perinatais. A presente revisão visa aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca dos exercícios aeróbicos sob imersão de gestantes em água, no que diz respeito ao volume de líquido amniótico e bem-estar fetal durante a gestação.

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Gravidez não é doença, mas impõe várias alterações ao organismo materno. Embora seja freqüente a associação entre boa saúde e atividade física, há dúvidas em relação à atividade física durante a gestação sobre tipo, intensidade, época, e duração. Já há evidência na literatura científica sobre os benefícios da atividade aeróbica durante a gestação, melhorando o condicionamento físico materno. Especialmente a prática de exercício na água durante a gestação pode estar associada à melhora na capacidade aeróbica, melhora nas trocas gasosas, reeducação respiratória e auxílio no retorno venoso. Por outro lado, ainda não há evidências que excluam a possibilidade de risco para mãe e feto, sobretudo quando a atividade física é de alta intensidade

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