RESUMEN
Genistein is one of the several known isoflavonic phytoestrogens found in a number of plants, with soybeans and soy products being the primary food source. The aim of the study is to evaluate if genistein is able to exert antineoplastic action in primary human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells. Thyroid tissues were treated with genistein (1-10-50-100 µM). Cell viability, proliferation, DNA primary damage and chromosomal damage were evaluated. An antiproliferative effect was induced by the highest doses of genistein, and such an effect was synergistically enhanced by the cotreatment with the antineoplastic drug sorafenib. Comet assay did not show any genotoxic effect in terms of primary DNA damage at all the times (4 and 24 h) and tested doses. A reduction of hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA primary damage in primary thyrocytes from PTC cells pretreated with genistein was observed. Data suggest that genistein exerts antineoplastic action, does not induce genotoxic effects while reduces oxidative-induced DNA damage in primary thyrocytes from PTC cells, supporting its possible use in therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Genisteína/farmacología , Glycine max/química , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Proliferación Celular , Humanos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/metabolismo , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Due to the large production and growing use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2), their release in the marine environment and their potential interaction with existing toxic contaminants represent a growing concern for biota. Different end-points of genotoxicity were investigated in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to n-TiO2 (1mgL(-1)) either alone and combined with CdCl2 (0.1mgL(-1)) for 7 days. DNA primary damage (comet assay), apoptotic cells (diffusion assay), occurrence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities (cytome assay) were assessed in peripheral erythrocytes and genomic stability (random amplified polymorphism DNA-PCR, RAPD assay) in muscle tissue. Results showed that genome template stability was reduced after CdCl2 and n-TiO2 exposure. Exposure to n-TiO2 alone was responsible for chromosomal alteration but ineffective in terms of DNA damage; while the opposite was observed in CdCl2 exposed specimens. Co-exposure apparently prevents the chromosomal damage and leads to a partial recovery of the genome template stability.
Asunto(s)
Lubina/fisiología , Cromosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN , ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Genoma/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Lubina/genética , Cadmio/toxicidad , Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Ensayo Cometa , Genómica , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Titanio/toxicidadRESUMEN
Crystalline silica inhaled from occupational sources has been classified by IARC as carcinogenic to humans; in contrast, for amorphous silica, epidemiological and experimental evidence remains insufficient. The genotoxicity of crystalline silica is still debated because of the inconsistency of experimental results ("variability of silica hazard"), often related to the features of the particle surfaces. We have assessed the role of crystal habit in the genotoxicity of silica powders. Pure quartz (crystalline) and vitreous silica (amorphous), sharing the same surface features, were used in an in vitro study with human pulmonary epithelial (A549) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines, representative of occupational and environmental exposures. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the comet and micronucleus assays, and cytotoxicity by the trypan blue method. Cells were treated with silica powders for 4 and 24h. Quartz but not vitreous silica caused cell death and DNA damage in RAW264.7 cells. A549 cells were relatively resistant to both powders. Our results support the view that crystal habit per se plays a pivotal role in modulating the biological responses to silica particles.
Asunto(s)
Ensayo Cometa , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Dióxido de Silicio/toxicidad , Animales , Carcinógenos/química , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Daño del ADN , Células Epiteliales/citología , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Macrófagos/citología , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polvos , Cuarzo/toxicidad , Células RAW 264.7 , Azul de Tripano/químicaRESUMEN
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) continuously released into waters, may cause harmful effects to marine organisms and their potential interaction with conventional toxic contaminants represents a growing concern for biota. We investigated the genotoxic potential of nanosized titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) (100 µg L(-1)) alone and in combination with CdCl2 (100 µg L(-1)) in Mytilus galloprovincialis after 4 days of in vivo exposure. RAPD-PCR technique and Micronucleus test were used to study genotoxicity. The results showed genome template stability (GTS) being markedly reduced after single exposure to n-TiO2 and CdCl2. Otherwise, co-exposure resulted in a milder reduction of GTS. Exposure to n-TiO2 was responsible for a significant increase of micronucleated cell frequency in gill tissue, while no chromosomal damage was observed after CdCl2 exposure as well as after combined exposure to both substances.
Asunto(s)
Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Mytilus/efectos de los fármacos , Titanio/toxicidad , Animales , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado AleatorioRESUMEN
Syncope is a common syndrome that increases in prevalence with the aging of the population. The causes of this common symptom are multiple and the costs for the evaluation and treatment of syncope are enormous, especially with the use of highly technological approaches. Even when syncope is the expression of benign diseases, it may be the cause of significant morbidity for injuries, fractures and subsequent functional impairment, which particularly for elderly patients, matches that of other common chronic diseases. Finally, we cannot ignore the social costs caused by the reduction of working hours for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the subsequent loss of productivity.