RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Workplace safety and health is a major public health concern, but largely absent from the school health curriculum. Little is known about teachers' perceptions of teaching workplace safety and health topics. METHODS: We administered a 41-item questionnaire reflecting the theory of planned behavior, modified to measure knowledge, to 242 middle and high school teachers in career and technical education and academic subjects. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess the measures' psychometric properties and factorial ANOVAs to compare differences among participants' knowledge, attitude toward, self-efficacy, and intention (to teach) workplace safety and health by sex, prior work injury, and main subject taught. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses indicated the measures reflected the theory. Factorial ANOVAs suggested female teachers had statistically significantly lower mean self-efficacy scores than did male teachers to teach workplace safety and health. Male occupational career and technical education teachers demonstrated higher mean knowledge scores than male teachers in other subjects. Participants not injured at work had higher knowledge scores than those who had been injured. CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy (influenced by sex) and knowledge (influenced by subject taught and previous workplace injury) revealed factors that may affect teachers' provision of workplace safety and health education, a critical yet overlooked component of school health.
Asunto(s)
Curriculum , Educación en Salud/organización & administración , Salud Laboral/educación , Servicios de Salud Escolar/organización & administración , Maestros/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Intención , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/prevención & control , Psicometría , Autoeficacia , Factores Sexuales , Formación del Profesorado , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Work, a defining feature of adolescence in the United States, has many benefits. Work also has risks, as adolescents experience a higher rate of serious job-related injuries compared to adults. Talking Safety, a free curriculum from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, is one tool educators may adopt to provide teens with essential workplace safety and health education. Adolescents (N = 2503; female, 50.1%; Hispanic, 50.0%) in a large urban school district received Talking Safety from their eighth-grade science teachers. This study used a modified theory of planned behavior (which included a knowledge construct), to examine students' pre- and post-intervention scores on workplace safety and health knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention to enact job safety skills. The results from confirmatory factor analyses indicate three unique dimensions reflecting the theory, with a separate knowledge factor. Reliability estimates are ω ≥ .83. The findings from the structural equation models demonstrate that all paths, except pre- to posttest behavioral intention, are statistically significant. Self-efficacy is the largest contributor to the total effect of these associations. As hypothesized, knowledge has indirect effects on behavioral intention. Hispanic students scored lower at posttest on all but the behavioral intention measure, possibly suggesting the need for tailored materials to reach some teens. Overall the findings support the use of a modified theory of planned behavior to evaluate the effectiveness of a foundational workplace safety and health curriculum. This study may inform future efforts to ensure that safe and healthy work becomes integral to the adolescent experience.
Asunto(s)
Intención , Seguridad/normas , Autoeficacia , Estudiantes/psicología , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Actitud , Femenino , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: African immigrants in the U.S. are at high risk of HIV/AIDS because of their risky sexual behaviors, but they are infrequently studied. The purpose of this study was to use health belief model (HBM) to examine safe sexual behaviors among African immigrants. METHODS: A cross-sectional design with a 44-item valid and reliable questionnaire based on constructs of HBM was administered to a quota sample of 412 African immigrants in Ohio. RESULTS: The logistic regression analyses revealed that the HBM constructs as a set significantly accounted for the variance in condom use and monogamous behaviors. The findings showed that perceived susceptibility (OR=1.10), perceived barriers (OR=1.10), cues to action (OR=1.19) and self-efficacy (OR=1.21) were significant predictors of condom use (p<.05). DISCUSSION: Based on the findings future HIV/AIDS risk reduction programs among African immigrants can be designed based on HBM.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Sexo Seguro/psicología , Adulto , África/etnología , Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Psicológicos , Sexo Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoeficacia , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Physical inactivity poses concern for health risks among all groups in the United States. Active transportation (AT) (e.g., bicycling) is one way of being physically active and may be helpful in promoting physical activity. This study characterized active transportation behavior among college students using the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study sought to describe predictors, including Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs, of AT behavior among college students at a large Midwest university. Students were recruited through the university registrar's office and e-mailed an electronic survey. Differences among AT users were determined using t-tests, and predictors of AT were identified using regression analysis. Significant differences between AT users for all TPB constructs were observed. Regression analysis using only TPB constructs accounted for 11.58% explained variation in AT use. Other variables added to the model resulted in 44.44% explained variation in AT use. The final model included subjective norms, age, perceived behavioral control, and transportation type and destination. The results of this research are insightful in explaining AT behavior. Perceived norms and the level of control students had regarding their method of transportation were important contributions to AT use. These results may be applied to promoting physical activity in community health.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estudiantes/psicología , Transportes , Universidades , Adulto , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Intención , Masculino , Percepción , Teoría Psicológica , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to operationalize the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict the sleep intentions and behaviors of undergraduate college students attending a Midwestern University. Data collection spanned three phases. The first phase included a semi-structured qualitative interview (n = 11), readability by Flesch-Kincaid, face and content validity by a panel of six experts. The second phase included stability reliability by testretest (n = 37). The final phase included construct validation applying confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha, and predictive validity (n = 197) employing multiple regression analysis. The majority of the participants reported receiving insufficient sleep (M = 407.3 min, SD = 100.75). Multiple regression modeled perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude toward adequate sleep behavior on behavioral intention. Collectively, the significant predictors produced an R(2)(adjusted) value of .362. Further specification of the model identified behavioral intention as a significant predictor of sleep behavior (R(2)(adjusted) = .185). As a population, undergraduate college students are not achieving adequate sleep. The TPB was found to be a useful framework for predicting the sleep intentions and behaviors of undergraduate students. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.