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AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Total cancer mortality rates in the European Union have declined by about 7% over the period 1982-2002. The aim of the present study was to investigate similar trends in Spain over the period 1975 to 2004 by age, sex, and cancer site. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Trends in Spanish mortality rates (standardized to the world standard population) for all cancers and for 14 major cancer sites for the years 1975 to 2004 are analyzed. Join point regression analysis was used to identify points where a significant change in trend occurred. RESULTS: The overall cancer mortality rate in Spain in men and women declined by about 1% a year between 1995 and 2004. For the period 1975 to 2004, declines were observed for several neoplasms: lip, -3.62% in men and -3.39% in women; esophagus, -0.28% in men and -2.73% in women; stomach, -2.99% in men and -3.66% in women; liver, -0.52% in men and -3.77% in women. There was a substantial rise in: colon cancer, 3.72% in men and 1.79% in women; pancreas, 2.21% in men and 2.25% in women; lung cancer rose 1.18% in men and 0.97% in women, and between 1999-2004 it rose 5.23% in women. Most of these are tobacco-related neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer mortality in Spain is mainly a tobacco-related problem. More attention needs to be focused on campaigns to decrease and prevent smoking, especially in the young, where smoking rates are higher than in the general population.

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INTRODUCTION: The raw incidence of cancer of the uterine cervix is Spain is 7,8 per 100.000 inhabitants (adjusted incidence is 5.6). The incidence of this tumor is still low, but a steady increase has been seen, probably related to increasing risk factors. AIM: To determine the frequency of infection by different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Papanicolau smears from women with and without cancer of the uterine cervix in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed in women with and without cervical cancer from Zaragoza, Spain. Pap smears from 600 cases (540 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) and 60 with invasive cancer) and 1200 controls (women without those lesions) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and typed by oligonucleotide microarray-based detection. RESULTS: HPV was detected in 93.3% of all samples with invasive cancer versus 17.5% of controls. OR for invasive cancer was 55 (95% CI 21.5-140,5). Statistically significant associations were also found for different grades of cervical dysplasia. CONCLUSION: The strong association found between HPV infection, specifically types 16 and 18 and cancer of the uterine cervix in Zaragoza, Spain, stresses the importance of ongoing efforts to institute a vaccine program with recently approved HPV vaccines in order to prevent cervical cancer in this population.

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BACKGROUND: The colorectal cancer incidence rates have been rapidly increasing. In order to investigate trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates we analyzed incidence data between 1992 and 2005 in the North of Spain. METHODS: Using Joinpoint models, we evaluated the effects of time period on colon and rectal cancer incidence. RESULTS: The analysis found a significant annual percentage of change (APC) (7.34) on female colon cancer incidence, and a significant APC (10.10) in male incidence. For incidence rectal cancer significant cohort effect was found comparing males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a significant continuous increase incidence ofcolon cancer in Spain. We suggest to follow monitoring of cancer incidence and assessing risk factors.

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Introducción: Las tasas de cáncer colorectal están aumentando en varios países. Para investigar este hecho hemos analizado las tasas de incidencia en una zona del Norte de España entre 1992 y 2005. Métodos: hemos calculado las tasas de incidencia del cáncer de colon y recto, así como la tendencia por el método de Joinpoint. Resultados: Se observa un porcentaje anual de cambio (APC) de 7.34 en mujeres y 10.10 en hombres, ambos estadísticamente significativos. En cambio no se encuentra variación en el cáncer de recto. Conclusiones: también en España se están encontrando notables incrementos de cáncer de colon, aunqueno de recto. Es preciso seguir monitorizando esta tendencia y evaluar los factores de riesgo para esta enfermedad.(AU)

Background: The colorectal cancer incidence rates have been rapidly increasing. In order to investigate trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates we analyzed incidence data between 1992 and 2005 in the North of Spain. Methods: Using Joinpoint models, we evaluated the effects of time period on colon and rectal cancer incidence. Results: The analysis found a significant annual percentage of change (APC) (7.34) on female colon cancer incidence, and a significant APC (10.10) in male incidence. For incidence rectal cancer significant cohort effect was found comparing males and females. Conclusions: Owr study shows a significant continuous increase incidence of colon cancer in Spain. We suggest to follow monitoring of cancer incidence and assessing risk factors.(AU)

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Introducción: Las tasas de cáncer colorectal están aumentando en varios países. Para investigar este hecho hemos analizado las tasas de incidencia en una zona del Norte de España entre 1992 y 2005. Métodos: hemos calculado las tasas de incidencia del cáncer de colon y recto, así como la tendencia por el método de Joinpoint. Resultados: Se observa un porcentaje anual de cambio (APC) de 7.34 en mujeres y 10.10 en hombres, ambos estadísticamente significativos. En cambio no se encuentra variación en el cáncer de recto. Conclusiones: también en España se están encontrando notables incrementos de cáncer de colon, aunqueno de recto. Es preciso seguir monitorizando esta tendencia y evaluar los factores de riesgo para esta enfermedad.

Background: The colorectal cancer incidence rates have been rapidly increasing. In order to investigate trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates we analyzed incidence data between 1992 and 2005 in the North of Spain. Methods: Using Joinpoint models, we evaluated the effects of time period on colon and rectal cancer incidence. Results: The analysis found a significant annual percentage of change (APC) (7.34) on female colon cancer incidence, and a significant APC (10.10) in male incidence. For incidence rectal cancer significant cohort effect was found comparing males and females. Conclusions: Owr study shows a significant continuous increase incidence of colon cancer in Spain. We suggest to follow monitoring of cancer incidence and assessing risk factors.

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A novel approach (TOMOCOMD-CARDD) to computer-aided "rational" drug design is illustrated. This approach is based on the calculation of the non-stochastic and stochastic linear indices of the molecular pseudograph's atom-adjacency matrix representing molecular structures. These TOMOCOMD-CARDD descriptors are introduced for the computational (virtual) screening and "rational" selection of new lead antibacterial agents using linear discrimination analysis. The two structure-based antibacterial-activity classification models, including non-stochastic and stochastic indices, classify correctly 91.61% and 90.75%, respectively, of 1525 chemicals in training sets. These models show high Matthews correlation coefficients (MCC=0.84 and 0.82). An external validation process was carried out to assess the robustness and predictive power of the model obtained. These QSAR models permit the correct classification of 91.49% and 89.31% of 505 compounds in an external test set, yielding MCCs of 0.84 and 0.79, respectively. The TOMOCOMD-CARDD approach compares satisfactorily with respect to nine of the most useful models for antimicrobial selection reported to date. Finally, an in silico screening of 87 new chemicals reported in the anti-infective field with antibacterial activities is developed showing the ability of the TOMOCOMD-CARDD models to identify new lead antibacterial compounds.

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Se realizó la induccion in vitro de resistencia al vinifurano 1-(5-Bromofor-2-il)-2-Bromo-2-Nitroeteno (G-1) mediante la técnica de concentraciones subinhibitorias en dos cepas de Candida albicans y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Se obtuvo un aumento del valor de la CIM inicial para las Cepas de Candida albicans desde 2 hasta 16 ug/ml, mientras que en la cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa el valor de la CIMinicial se mantuvo invariable durante todo el ensayo. Conjunatmente se determinó la frecuencia de mutación espontánea en las dos cepas de referencia exponiendolas a múltiplos de CIM de la droga en ensayo igual a 2,4 y 8 veces este valor (AU)

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Introducción: el estudio de los factores pronósticos del cáncer de pulmón permite conocer mejor la supervivencia de los enfermos. En este trabajo se han estudiado como factores pronósticos la edad, sexo, estadio del cáncer y tipo anatomopatológico en relación con la supervivencia. Material y métodos: se han analizado 574 pacientes procedentes de un registro de cáncer hospitalario a quienes se les ha estudiado el tipo de tumor, así como la fecha objetiva de diagnóstico y la fecha de defunción o la del último contacto con el paciente. Se ha utilizado para el estudio de supervivencia el métodos de Kaplan y Meier. Para el cálculo de los coeficientes como factores de riesgo se han utilizado la regresión de Cox. Resultados: se observa que la supervivencia está directamente relacionada al tipo anatomopatológico, estadio, presencia de metástasis y tratamiento. En cambio, no se influye por la edad al diagnóstico y se modifica parcialmente cuando se trata de carcinomas microcíticos. Conclusiones: conviene establecer un diagnóstico de certeza de cáncer de pulmón así como su estadio y factores pronósticos con el fin de evaluar adecuadamente el tratamiento y compara los resultados obtenidos con el "gold estandar" de supervivencia conocidos (AU)

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Se comparó el efecto psot antibiótico (EPA) del G-1 y la gentamicina frente a escherichia coli y staphylococcus aureus. El EPA fué inducido por exposición auna concentración de 4 x CIM de gentamicina. El G-1 produjo un EPA prlongado (>2h) en el rango de 0,8 a 3,6 h para la mayoría de las cepas ensayadas. En lascepas gram positivas estudiadas la gentamicina demostro un EPA ligeramente superior al G-1, minetras queen las cepas gram negativas fué menor. Se comparó conujuntamente, el EPA del G-1 a dos y cuatro veces elvalor de la CIM en las cepas de referencia. No hubo una correlación etadística entre la concentración y eol EPA para el G-1

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Se comparó el efecto psot antibiótico (EPA) del G-1 y la gentamicina frente a escherichia coli y staphylococcus aureus. El EPA fué inducido por exposición auna concentración de 4 x CIM de gentamicina. El G-1 produjo un EPA prlongado (>2h) en el rango de 0,8 a 3,6 h para la mayoría de las cepas ensayadas. En lascepas gram positivas estudiadas la gentamicina demostro un EPA ligeramente superior al G-1, minetras queen las cepas gram negativas fué menor. Se comparó conujuntamente, el EPA del G-1 a dos y cuatro veces elvalor de la CIM en las cepas de referencia. No hubo una correlación etadística entre la concentración y eol EPA para el G-1(AU)

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