RESUMEN
Silent hypoxemia is one of the clinical presentations caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is still considered a medical mystery, as there are inconsistencies between arterial oxygen saturation levels and respiratory symptoms; a clinical scenario that had not been seen before. Their main risk is that it delays medical assistance because they do not have breathing difficulties and, when they consult, the lung damage is quite advanced. The early detection of hypoxia can favor the premature diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and start treatment without delay. The pulse oximeter is presented as a useful, inexpensive, and easy-to-use tool for monitoring oxygen saturation at home in mild illness and detecting silent hypoxemia. This work presents the case of a patient with COVID-19 who, thanks to the use of a pulse oximeter at home, was able to detect silent hypoxemia and favored the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Oximetría/tendencias , COVID-19/complicaciones , Hipoxia/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Hipoxia/diagnóstico , Hipoxia/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Drooling is defined as non-intentional salivary loss from mouth. Its presence may lead to functional, psychological and social impairments, which affect patients and caregivers as well. Anterior drooling, where salivary flow escapes from mouth to outside, affects social relations, constituting a physical contact barrier and having a negative impact on quality of life, and it also interfere on speech and communication. Posterior drooling, where salivary flow goes towards the throat is associated to severe swallowing disorders, being an important aspiration risk. Although drooling etiology is multifactorial, its often seen associated to a neuromuscular dysfunction. The approach to drooling should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Therapeutic approach could be non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, systemic or local. Ultrasound guidance Botulinum toxin injection is an efficient and safe alternative. A 4-year-old male with posterior fossa astrocytoma, VI-XI CN impairment, prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy, swallowing disorder and hypersalivation is presented. Drooling management with botulinum toxin A injection in both parotid and submandibular glands under ultrasound guidance was performed, with an important salivary flow decrease, which allowed him to open his mouth without saliva loss, having a positive impact on communication and socialization, improving his quality of life as well.
La sialorrea se define como la pérdida no intencional de saliva desde la boca. Su presencia puede conducir a alteraciones funcionales, psicológicas y sociales, que afectan tanto al paciente como a sus cuidadores. La sialorrea anterior, donde la saliva es derramada desde la boca al exterior afecta la socialización, constituyéndose como una barrera para el contacto físico e impacta en forma negativa sobre la calidad de vida, además interfiere en el lenguaje, el habla y la comunicación. La sialorrea posterior que es derramada hacia del itsmo de las fauces, se asocia a trastornos severos de la deglución, constituyendo un riesgo importante de aspiración. Aún cuando la etiología de la sialorrea es multifactorial, frecuentemente la vemos asociada a una disfunción neuromuscular. Su abordaje debe ser realizado por un equipo multidisciplinario. El enfoque terapéutico puede ser, no farmacológico o farmacológico, sistémico o local. Una de las alternativas es la infiltración con toxina botulínica guiada en forma ecográfica que ha demostrado ser eficiente y segura. Se presenta el caso de un preescolar de 4 años con antecedente de astrocitoma de fosa posterior, compromiso de VI al XI pares craneanos, ventilación mecánica prolongada a través de traqueostomía, trastorno de deglución e hipersalivación secundaria. Se realiza el manejo de la sialorrea con toxina botulínica A en parótidas y glándulas submandibulares con marcación ecográfica, resultando una disminución importante del flujo de saliva que le permite abrir la boca sin escurrimiento. Lo anterior impacta positivamente en la comunicación y socialización, además de mejorar su calidad de vida.