RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases hence is an increasing interest in plant-derived natural antioxidants with respect to their potential health benefits. Plants from the genus Physalis are particularly rich in secondary metabolites and show significant antioxidant potential. Recent development in transgenic research has opened new possibilities for enhanced production of secondary metabolites with plant cell and organ cultures. The hairy root-regenerated Physalis ixocarpa plants grown in vitro and ex vitro were compared to the non-transformed plants with respect to their antioxidant potential. MATERIAL/METHODS: The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the contents of total phenols and ascorbate were evaluated in fruits, flowers, leaves and roots of P. ixocarpa using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the 2,2'-dipyridyl method, respectively. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: The antioxidant profiles, in terms of TAC, ascorbate and phenols were organ-specific and depended on the culture conditions. Neither the total phenol content nor the ascorbate level appeared to determine the TAC of the studied plant extracts. The aqueous extracts exhibited lower antioxidant activities than the acetone ones indicating that lipophilic antioxidants made a major contribution to TAC of the plant tissues. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation changed the antioxidant status with respect to TAC, phenols and ascorbate and this effect was observed in the plants grown in vitro and ex vitro.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Physalis/química , Physalis/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Agrobacterium , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Frutas , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/análisis , Physalis/citología , Physalis/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Raíces de Plantas , Plantas Modificadas GenéticamenteRESUMEN
Plants from the genus Physalis L. (family Solanaceae), native to warm and subtropical regions of Central and South America, are particularly rich in secondary metabolites, e.g.: withanolides, physalins, calystegines, tropane and nortropane alkaloids. Due to the high biological activities of these compounds, in the tropics Physalis plants have been used for centuries as medicinal herbs in the treatment of urinary and skin diseases, gonorrhea, ulcers, sores and as a vermicidal drug. This review describes the main categories of secondary metabolites, their distribution, chemistry, biosynthesis as well as biological activities. Particular attention is given to their potent anticancer activities.
Asunto(s)
Physalis/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , HumanosRESUMEN
Hairy roots of Nasturtium officinale, Barbarea verna and Arabis caucasica with active glucosinolate-myrosinase system were obtained after transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots of N. officinale produced phenylalanine-derived gluconasturtiin and glucotropaeolin (max. 24 and 7 mg g(-1) DW). B. verna and A. caucasica hairy roots produced gluconasturtiin (max. 41 mg g(-1) DW) and methionine-derived glucoiberverin (max. 32 mg g(-1) DW), respectively. Treatment of the roots with amino acid precursors of glucosinolate or/and cysteine biosynthesis increased levels of glucosinolate production, combinations of phenylalanine with cysteine (for gluconasturtiin and glucotropaeolin) and methionine with o-acetylserine (for glucoiberverin) were the most effective.