RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Dutch Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-NL) is the APA recommended questionnaire to assess maladaptive personality traits as defined in the Alternative DSM-5 model of personality disorders. AIM: To describe of the psychometric qualities of the PID-5-NL, present of normative data and apply the PID-5-NL in clinical practice. METHOD: The PID-5-NL was administered in a sample of adults from the general population in Flanders (Belgium) and in a sample of patients with a personality disorder in mental health care in the Netherlands. Scores on the PID-5 of a patient with borderline personality disorder are illustrated in a case vignette. RESULTS: Reliability and validity of the PID-5-NL were satisfactory to good, and comparable with results from international research on the PID-5. It was remarkable that in the current research group, patients scored as low as or even lower than the group from the general population on a number of trait facets. CONCLUSION: The PID-5-NL questionnaire is a useful tool to gain insight in a straightforward way into a wide range of relevant personality traits for diagnosis and treatment planning; provisional reference groups for the clinical practice in regular mental health care are made available on the basis of this study. Further refinement of the reference groups and further research within patients with externalizing personality problems is recommended.
Asunto(s)
Psicometría , Adulto , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Países Bajos , Inventario de Personalidad , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Meaning in life is a motivational force and an existential theme for many people. The concept of meaning comprises purpose, comprehension and mattering. According to the Section III model of personality disorder (DSM-5), lack of meaning, purpose and direction in life is part of personality dysfunction. The present study aimed to determine the association between personality disorder (PD), personality dysfunction and 'lack of meaning, purpose and direction' as a distinct facet of personality dysfunction, using Livesley's self-report questionnaire-the General Assessment of Personality Disorder. This comparative quantitative study showed significant differences in lack of meaning, purpose and direction between a group of patients with PD (n = 126, PD with depression n = 51 and PD without depression n = 75), a group of non-PD patients (n = 76, with depression n = 27 and without depression n = 49) and a control group (n = 444). The PD groups had similar scores as the non-PD patients with depression. Lack of meaning was significantly associated with 'difficulty setting and attaining goals' in all groups, with 'lack of affiliative relationships' in the PD groups and 'sense of inner emptiness' in the PD group without depression and in controls. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Personalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autoinforme , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To study the effects of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) on bone resorption, cultures of 17-day-old foetal mouse metatarsal long bones were used. The long bone rudiments were cultured for 5 days in medium supplemented with 10% rat serum. The effects of TGF-beta 2 were studied at concentrations of 1, 4, and 10 ng/ml. At all concentrations TGF-beta 2 caused a significant reduction in osteoclastic resorption measured as release of 45Ca from prelabelled bones. The same long bones were subsequently used for histological evaluations. Pre-osteoclasts and osteoclasts were identified as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells in the mineralized diaphysis, the periosteum around the diaphysis, and the perichondrium around the cartilaginous ends. The distribution of TRAP-positive cells over the three compartments showed that TGF-beta 2 inhibited the migration of TRAP-positive cells from the periosteum into the mineralized diaphysis in a dose dependent manner. In addition, TGF-beta 2 had a biphasic effect on TRAP cell differentiation, as 1 ng/ml increased, but 4 ng/ml and higher decreased TRAP cell numbers. We conclude that TGF-beta 2 is a potent regulator of osteoclastic bone resorption, by modulating both osteoclast migration and osteoclast differentiation.