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Color stability is among the most frequent causes of restoration failures, and influences surface properties. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pigment solutions on low-shrinkage and conventional composites regarding changes in the physical properties of composite surfaces. Materials and Method: Specimens of four composites (Filtek Z350 XT, Point 4, N'Durance and Venus Diamond) were randomly distributed into three groups to be submitted to each of three pigment solutions (red wine, tomato sauce and coffee) in fifteen-minute daily cycles, for twenty-eight days. There were 12 groups altogether (n = 10). Color, surface roughness and hardness tests were performed. Statistical analysis includedAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's significance test (a = 0.05). Results: Color changes caused by the solutions did not differ significantly among Filtek Z350 XT, Venus Diamond and N'Durance. Hardness decreased significantly in Filtek Z350 XT and Venus Diamond after chemical challenge with each solution. For the composite independent factor, roughness was highest in Venus Diamond, followed by Filtek Z350 XT, Point 4 and N'Durance. Conclusions: Treatment with different pigment solutions (red wine, tomato sauce or coffee) increased stainability and decreased hardness of both low-shrinkage and conventional composites, while roughness was unaffected.

A estabilidade de cor está entre as causas mais frequentes de falhas de restauragoes, que também influenciam suas propriedades superficiais. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influencia de solugoes de pigmentos em compósitos convencionais e de baixa retragao, bem como alteragoes naspropriedades físicas da superficie dos compósitos. Materiais eMétodo: Amostras de cada compósito (Filtek Z350XT, Point 4, N'Durance e Venus Diamond) foram distribuidas aleatoriamente em grupos submetidos a cada solugao pigmentante (vinho tinto, molho de tomate e café) em ciclos diários de quinze minutos, durante vinte e oito dias. Assim, totalizando 12 grupos (n = 10). Foram realizados testes de cor, rugosidade superficial e dureza. A Análise Estatistica foi realizada usando Análise de variáncia (ANOVA) e o teste de significáncia de Tukey (a = 0.05). Resultados: As alteragoes de cor desencadeadas pelas solugoes investigadas nao mostraram diferenga estatisticamente significativa entre os compósitos Filtek Z350 XT, Venus Diamond e N'Durance. Os valores de dureza registrados para Filtek Z350XT e Venus Diamond diminuiram significativamente após o desafio químico com cada uma das solugoes pigmentantes. Para o fator independente compósito, Venus Diamond registrou a maior rugosidade; foi seguido por Filtek Z350XT, Point 4 e N'Durance. Conclusoes: Os tratamentos das amostras com diferentes solugoes pigmentantes (vinho tinto, molho de tomate e café) aumentaram a manchabilidade dos compósitos convencionais e de baixa retragao e diminuiram sua dureza, embora nao tenham afetado a rugosidade dos compósitos.

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ABSTRACT Color stability is among the most frequent causes of restoration failures, and influences surface properties. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pigment solutions on low-shrinkage and conventional composites regarding changes in the physical properties of composite surfaces. Materials and Method: Specimens of four composites (Filtek Z350 XT, Point 4, N'Durance and Venus Diamond) were randomly distributed into three groups to be submitted to each of three pigment solutions (red wine, tomato sauce and coffee) in fifteen-minute daily cycles, for twenty-eight days. There were 12 groups altogether (n = 10). Color, surface roughness and hardness tests were performed. Statistical analysis includedAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's significance test (a = 0.05). Results: Color changes caused by the solutions did not differ significantly among Filtek Z350 XT, Venus Diamond and N'Durance. Hardness decreased significantly in Filtek Z350 XT and Venus Diamond after chemical challenge with each solution. For the composite independent factor, roughness was highest in Venus Diamond, followed by Filtek Z350 XT, Point 4 and N'Durance. Conclusions: Treatment with different pigment solutions (red wine, tomato sauce or coffee) increased stainability and decreased hardness of both low-shrinkage and conventional composites, while roughness was unaffected.

RESUMO A estabilidade de cor está entre as causas mais frequentes de falhas de restauragoes, que também influenciam suas propriedades superficiais. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influencia de solugoes de pigmentos em compósitos convencionais e de baixa retragao, bem como alteragoes naspropriedades físicas da superficie dos compósitos. Materiais eMétodo: Amostras de cada compósito (Filtek Z350XT, Point 4, N'Durance e Venus Diamond) foram distribuidas aleatoriamente em grupos submetidos a cada solugao pigmentante (vinho tinto, molho de tomate e café) em ciclos diários de quinze minutos, durante vinte e oito dias. Assim, totalizando 12 grupos (n = 10). Foram realizados testes de cor, rugosidade superficial e dureza. A Análise Estatistica foi realizada usando Análise de variáncia (ANOVA) e o teste de significáncia de Tukey (a = 0.05). Resultados: As alteragoes de cor desencadeadas pelas solugoes investigadas nao mostraram diferenga estatisticamente significativa entre os compósitos Filtek Z350 XT, Venus Diamond e N'Durance. Os valores de dureza registrados para Filtek Z350XT e Venus Diamond diminuiram significativamente após o desafio químico com cada uma das solugoes pigmentantes. Para o fator independente compósito, Venus Diamond registrou a maior rugosidade; foi seguido por Filtek Z350XT, Point 4 e N'Durance. Conclusoes: Os tratamentos das amostras com diferentes solugoes pigmentantes (vinho tinto, molho de tomate e café) aumentaram a manchabilidade dos compósitos convencionais e de baixa retragao e diminuiram sua dureza, embora nao tenham afetado a rugosidade dos compósitos.

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength of different resin cements to CAD/CAM-created lithium disilicate ceramics after 24 hours and after 1 year (10,000 thermocycles). Forty (40) ceramic bars were subjected to pretreatment comprising airborne abrasion with aluminum oxide particles, etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid and Monobond N application. Bars were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), based on cement type: light-cured Variolink Esthetic LC (VLC) and dual-cured Variolink N (VN) at two different times: after 24 hours and after 1 year. Silicone molds were used to prepare cement cylinders on a ceramic surface. The set was stored in distilled water at 37ºC, for 24 hours or subjected to 10,000 thermocycles. The molds were removed and microshear bond strength was tested. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Based on the comparison between cement values at different aging times (p = 0.035), VN after 24 hours (27.10 ± 0.92) and after 1 year (20.62 ± 1.25) presented significantly higher values than VLC after 24 hours (14.79 ± 0.76) and after 1 year (6.61 ± 0.81). Bond strength recorded for both cements after 24 hours (VN: 27.10 ± 0.92 and VLC: 14.79 ± 0.76) was significantly higher than the one recorded after 1 year (VN: 20.62 ± 1.25 and VLC: 6.61 ± 0.81). The thermocycling reduced the values observed for both investigated cements; bond strength was greater for dual-cure resin cement than for light-cured resin cement.

O objetivo nesse estudo foi comparar a resistência de união de diferentes cimentos resinosos à cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio processada por CAD/CAM após 24 horas e após 1 ano (10.000 termociclos). Foram utilizadas 40 barras cerâmicas com tratamento prévio por jateamento com óxido de alumínio, condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico 10% e aplicação do Monobond N. As barras foram divididas em 4 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o tipo de cimento: fotopolimerizável Variolink Esthetic LC (VLC) e dual Variolink N (VN) em diferentes tempos: após 24 horas e 1 ano. Matrizes de silicone foram usadas para preparar cilindros de cimento na superfície cerâmica. O conjunto foi armazenado em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas ou submetidos protocolo de termociclagem com 10.000 ciclos. As matrizes foram removidas e o teste de microcisalhamento realizado. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância a dois fatores e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Ao comparar os valores dos cimentos em diferentes tempos de envelhecimento (p=0,035), observou-se que VN, após 24 horas (27,10 ± 0,92) e 1 ano (20,62 ± 1,25) apresentou valores significativamente superior a VLC após 24 horas (14,79 ± 0,76) e 1 ano (6,61 ± 0,81). A resistência para ambos os cimentos após 24 horas (VN: 27,10 ± 0,92 e VLC: 14,79 ± 0,76) foi significativamente superior que 1 ano (VN: 20,62 ± 1,25 e VLC: 6,61 ± 0,81). A termociclagem promoveu diminuição nos valores de ambos os cimentos estudados e o cimento resinoso dual mostrou maior resistência de união que o cimento resinoso fotopolimerizável.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength of different resin cements to CAD/CAM-created lithium disilicate ceramics after 24 hours and after 1 year (10,000 thermocycles). Forty (40) ceramic bars were subjected to pretreatment comprising airborne abrasion with aluminum oxide particles, etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid and Monobond N application. Bars were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), based on cement type: light-cured Variolink Esthetic LC (VLC) and dual-cured Variolink N (VN) at two different times: after 24 hours and after 1 year. Silicone molds were used to prepare cement cylinders on a ceramic surface. The set was stored in distilled water at 37ºC, for 24 hours or subjected to 10,000 thermocycles. The molds were removed and microshear bond strength was tested. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Based on the comparison between cement values at different aging times (p = 0.035), VN after 24 hours (27.10 ± 0.92) and after 1 year (20.62 ± 1.25) presented significantly higher values than VLC after 24 hours (14.79 ± 0.76) and after 1 year (6.61 ± 0.81). Bond strength recorded for both cements after 24 hours (VN: 27.10 ± 0.92 and VLC: 14.79 ± 0.76) was significantly higher than the one recorded after 1 year (VN: 20.62 ± 1.25 and VLC: 6.61 ± 0.81). The thermocycling reduced the values observed for both investigated cements; bond strength was greater for dual-cure resin cement than for light-cured resin cement.

RESUMO O objetivo nesse estudo foi comparar a resistência de união de diferentes cimentos resinosos à cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio processada por CAD/CAM após 24 horas e após 1 ano (10.000 termociclos). Foram utilizadas 40 barras cerâmicas com tratamento prévio por jateamento com óxido de alumínio, condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico 10% e aplicação do Monobond N. As barras foram divididas em 4 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o tipo de cimento: fotopolimerizável Variolink Esthetic LC (VLC) e dual Variolink N (VN) em diferentes tempos: após 24 horas e 1 ano. Matrizes de silicone foram usadas para preparar cilindros de cimento na superfície cerâmica. O conjunto foi armazenado em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas ou submetidos protocolo de termociclagem com 10.000 ciclos. As matrizes foram removidas e o teste de microcisalhamento realizado. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância a dois fatores e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Ao comparar os valores dos cimentos em diferentes tempos de envelhecimento (p=0,035), observou-se que VN, após 24 horas (27,10 ± 0,92) e 1 ano (20,62 ± 1,25) apresentou valores significativamente superior a VLC após 24 horas (14,79 ± 0,76) e 1 ano (6,61 ± 0,81). A resistência para ambos os cimentos após 24 horas (VN: 27,10 ± 0,92 e VLC: 14,79 ± 0,76) foi significativamente superior que 1 ano (VN: 20,62 ± 1,25 e VLC: 6,61 ± 0,81). A termociclagem promoveu diminuição nos valores de ambos os cimentos estudados e o cimento resinoso dual mostrou maior resistência de união que o cimento resinoso fotopolimerizável.

RESUMEN

The aim of the current study was to compare the effect of two lithium disilicate ceramic processing techniques (pressing and CAD/CAM) on the degree of conversion of resin cement when it is photoactivated and the microshear bond strength of resin cement to ceramics. Two ceramic discs were manufactured: one by the Press technique and another by CAD/CAM technique. Five Variolink Veneer resin cement samples were photoactivated through each ceramic disc and subjected to attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate their degree of conversion. To evaluate microshear bond strength, 20 ceramic bars were prepared: 10 using the Press technique and 10 using the CAD/CAM technique. The bars were air abraded with 50-µm Al2O3 particles, treated with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and subjected to RelyX Ceramic Primer application. Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive was applied to the bars and cured for 10 s. Two 1-mm-height plastic tubes were placed on each bar and filled with Variolink Veneer resin cement. Each cylinder was cured for 20 s. Then the plastic tubes were removed and the microshear bond strength of each cylinder was tested. Data for degree of conversion (%) and microshear bond strength (MPa) were subjected to Student's t-test (α = 0.05). Both degree of conversion of resin cement photoactivated through ceramic and microshear bond strength of resin cement to ceramic were statistically higher in the group in which ceramic was prepared by CAD/CAM technique (44.74% and 22.18 MPa) than in the group in which the ceramic was prepared by the Press technique (25.71% and 19.83 MPa). The lithium disilicate ceramic processing techniques affected the degree of conversion of resin cement when it is photoactivated through the ceramics and the microshear bond strength of resin cement to ceramics.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito de duas técnicas de processamento da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (prensada e CAD/CAM) no grau de conversão do cimento resinoso quando fotoativado e na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento do cimento resinoso às cerâmicas. Foram fabricados dois discos de cerâmica: um pela técnica prensada e outro pela técnica CAD/CAM. Cinco amostras de cimento resinoso Variolink Veneer foram fotoativadas através de cada disco cerâmico e submetidas à espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier com reflectância total para avaliar seu grau de conversão. Para avaliar a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento, foram preparadas 20 barras de cerâmicas: 10 utilizando a técnica prensada e 10 utilizando a técnica CAD/CAM. As barras foram tratadas com partículas de Al2O3 (50 µm), com ácido fluorídrico a 10% por 20 s e submetidas à aplicação do RelyX Ceramic Primer. Em seguida, o adesivo multiuso Adper Scotchbond foi aplicado nas barras e fotoativado por 10 s. Dois tubos de plástico de 1 mm de comprimento foram colocados em cada barra e preenchidos com cimento resinoso Variolink Veneer. Cada cilindro foi fotoativado por 20 s. Os tubos de plástico foram removidos e a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de cada cilindro foi testada. Os dados de grau de conversão (%) e resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (MPa) foram submetidos ao teste t de Student (α = 0,05). Tanto o grau de conversão do cimento resinoso fotoativado através da cerâmica quanto a resistência de união do cimento resinoso à cerâmica foram estatisticamente maiores no grupo em que a cerâmica foi confeccionada pela técnica CAD/CAM (44,74% e 22,18 MPa) do que no grupo em que a cerâmica foi confeccionada pela técnica prensada (25,71% e 19,83 MPa). As técnicas de processamento de cerâmica dissilicada de lítio afetaram o grau de conversão do cimento resinoso quando fotoativado através das cerâmicas e a resistência de união do microcisalhamento do cimento resinoso às cerâmicas.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the current study was to compare the effect of two lithium disilicate ceramic processing techniques (pressing and CAD/CAM) on the degree of conversion of resin cement when it is photoactivated and the microshear bond strength of resin cement to ceramics. Two ceramic discs were manufactured: one by the Press technique and another by CAD/CAM technique. Five Variolink Veneer resin cement samples were photoactivated through each ceramic disc and subjected to attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate their degree of conversion. To evaluate microshear bond strength, 20 ceramic bars were prepared: 10 using the Press technique and 10 using the CAD/CAM technique. The bars were air abraded with 50-μm Al2O3 particles, treated with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and subjected to RelyX Ceramic Primer application. Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive was applied to the bars and cured for 10 s. Two 1-mm-height plastic tubes were placed on each bar and filled with Variolink Veneer resin cement. Each cylinder was cured for 20 s. Then the plastic tubes were removed and the microshear bond strength of each cylinder was tested. Data for degree of conversion (%) and microshear bond strength (MPa) were subjected to Student's t-test (α = 0.05). Both degree of conversion of resin cement photoactivated through ceramic and microshear bond strength of resin cement to ceramic were statistically higher in the group in which ceramic was prepared by CAD/CAM technique (44.74% and 22.18 MPa) than in the group in which the ceramic was prepared by the Press technique (25.71% and 19.83 MPa). The lithium disilicate ceramic processing techniques affected the degree of conversion of resin cement when it is photoactivated through the ceramics and the microshear bond strength of resin cement to ceramics.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito de duas técnicas de processamento da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (prensada e CAD/CAM) no grau de conversão do cimento resinoso quando fotoativado e na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento do cimento resinoso às cerâmicas. Foram fabricados dois discos de cerâmica: um pela técnica prensada e outro pela técnica CAD/CAM. Cinco amostras de cimento resinoso Variolink Veneer foram fotoativadas através de cada disco cerâmico e submetidas à espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier com reflectância total para avaliar seu grau de conversão. Para avaliar a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento, foram preparadas 20 barras de cerâmicas: 10 utilizando a técnica prensada e 10 utilizando a técnica CAD/CAM. As barras foram tratadas com partículas de Al2O3 (50 μm), com ácido fluorídrico a 10% por 20 s e submetidas à aplicação do RelyX Ceramic Primer. Em seguida, o adesivo multiuso Adper Scotchbond foi aplicado nas barras e fotoativado por 10 s. Dois tubos de plástico de 1 mm de comprimento foram colocados em cada barra e preenchidos com cimento resinoso Variolink Veneer. Cada cilindro foi fotoativado por 20 s. Os tubos de plástico foram removidos e a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de cada cilindro foi testada. Os dados de grau de conversão (%) e resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (MPa) foram submetidos ao teste t de Student (α = 0,05). Tanto o grau de conversão do cimento resinoso fotoativado através da cerâmica quanto a resistência de união do cimento resinoso à cerâmica foram estatisticamente maiores no grupo em que a cerâmica foi confeccionada pela técnica CAD/CAM (44,74% e 22,18 MPa) do que no grupo em que a cerâmica foi confeccionada pela técnica prensada (25,71% e 19,83 MPa). As técnicas de processamento de cerâmica dissilicada de lítio afetaram o grau de conversão do cimento resinoso quando fotoativado através das cerâmicas e a resistência de união do microcisalhamento do cimento resinoso às cerâmicas.

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BACKGROUND: The objective was to examine the microshear bond strength values of different dual resin cements to computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-created ceramics containing lithium disilicate, which underwent different surface treatments. METHODS: Two dual resin cements (RelyX ARC and RelyX Ultimate) and three surface treatments of lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (Ceramic Primer (CP; containing silane) plus Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose (ASM) adhesive; CP plus Single Bond Universal (SBU) adhesive; and SBU adhesive alone) were tested. The SBU adhesive includes silane in its formulation. Each sample underwent a microshear test and bond strength values were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test (α=0.05). Fracture patterns were also observed with light microscopy. RESULTS: RelyX ARC treated with CP+ASM or CP+SBU presented resistance values that were significantly higher than the same treatments for RelyX Ultimate. Conversely, for the blocks treated with SBU alone, the mean resistance value for RelyX Ultimate was higher than that of RelyX ARC. Regarding the different types of treatment for each resin, the mean resistance value of RelyX ARC treated with CP+ASM was significantly highest, followed by treatment with CP+SBU and SBU treatment alone. Meanwhile, RelyX Ultimate treated with CP+ASM or CP+SBU presented resistance values that were significantly higher than SBU treatment alone. In all of the groups, an adhesive fracture pattern was predominantly observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that silanization is important for ASM and SBU adhesives to be effective.

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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of adhesive systems and primer systems on microshear bond strength of chemically activated resin cemented to Co-Cr cast dental alloy. METHODS: Seventy-two rectangular blocks of Co-Cr metal alloy were manufactured and air-abraded with 50-µm Al2O3 particles. Metal primers (alloy primer [AP] or Clearfil ceramic primer [CP]) and adhesives (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive activated by Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive Catalyst [SASC], or Primer & Bond 2.1 activated by Self Cure Activator [PBCA]) were applied and subsequently divided into six groups (SASC; AP+SASC; CP+SASC; PBCA; AP+PBCA; CP+PBCA; N.=12). Then, resin cement (Enforce) was applied. Data about microshear bond strength values were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey's test. RESULTS: The bond strength was lower (P<0.001) in groups with adhesive system alone (SASC and PBCA) compared with groups with addition of primers alloy primer (AP+SASC and AP+PBCA) and ceramic primer (CP+SASC and CP+PBCA). CONCLUSIONS: The application of primers improves the bond strength of the cement resin to the Co-Cr metal alloy.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of whitening mouthrinses on sorption (SP) and solubility (SL), percentage of microhardness change (%M), loss of surface (LS), and color change (ΔE) in bulk-fill composites when compared with conventional composites. METHODS: Three bulk-fill composites, Surefil SDR (SF), Filtek Bulk-Fill (BF), and Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow (BFF), and one conventional resin, Filtek Z350 (FZ), were selected. Eighteen samples of each composite were subdivided into three groups based on the type of treatment: Listerine Whitening mouthrinse (LW), Colgate Plax Whitening mouthrinse (CP), and distilled water (DW; control). The samples were prepared according to ISO 4049:2009. Color, roughness, and microhardness were evaluated before and after treatment, while SP and SL values were measured after treatment. The surface morphology of the specimen was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: FZ presented significantly lower ΔE when immersed in DW. Additionally, LS was lowest in FZ when compared with the other resins. SF and BFF demonstrated high %M. SL was significantly higher in SF, whereas SP was lowest in BFF after CP treatment. No significant alterations in surface morphology were noted in the BF composites. The BF composites showed a decrease in their properties after immersion in the two types of mouthrinses or in DW, without alterations in the surface morphology. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Flowable bulk-fill composites showed the greatest changes in their properties when exposed to different mouthrinses or water. Thus, they should be used with caution in areas that will stay exposed to the oral cavity.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of MTA on the structure and enzymatic activity of sPLA2 in order to provide subsidies for improvement in the formulation of the product. MTA powder was incubated for 60 min in the presence of sPLA2 and was analyzed by chromatography, electrospray mass (ESI-MS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was find that the elution profile, retention time, and fragmentation of sPLA2 were altered after treatment with MTA. Calcium was the MTA component that most amplified the inflammatory signal. Significant interactions were found between MTA and sPLA2, which could aid in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of MTA during the inflammatory process and it may facilitate the structural modification of MTA, thereby improving its biological safety and consequently the rate of the treatment success.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of MTA on the structure and enzymatic activity of sPLA2 in order to provide subsidies for improvement in the formulation of the product. MTA powder was incubated for 60 min in the presence of sPLA2 and was analyzed by chromatography, electrospray mass (ESI-MS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was find that the elution profile, retention time, and fragmentation of sPLA2 were altered after treatment with MTA. Calcium was the MTA component that most amplified the inflammatory signal. Significant interactions were found between MTA and sPLA2, which could aid in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of MTA during the inflammatory process and it may facilitate the structural modification of MTA, thereby improving its biological safety and consequently the rate of the treatment success.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do MTA na estrutura e atividade enzimática da sPLA2 a fim de fornecer subsídios para melhoria na formulação do produto. O MTA em pó foi incubado por 60 min na presença de sPLA2 e analisado por cromatografia, espectroscopia de massa por eletropulverização (ESI-MS) e espalhamento de raios-X de baixo ângulo (SAXS). Encontrou-se que o perfil de eluição, o tempo de retenção e a fragmentação da sPLA2 foram alterados após o tratamento com MTA. O cálcio foi o componente do MTA que mais ampliou o sinal inflamatório. Encontraram-se interações significativas entre o MTA e o sPLA2, o que poderia auxiliar na compreensão dos mecanismos de ação do MTA durante o processo inflamatório e facilitar a modificação estrutural do MTA, melhorando sua segurança biológica e consequentemente a taxa de sucesso do tratamento.

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The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize (using the tensile test) an alternative handling technique for calcium hydroxide cement in temporary crown cementation. In the group treated with the conventional technique (n=10), the base and catalyst pastes of a calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) were dispensed at a 1:1 ratio and mixed. The cement was then applied to the internal cervical surfaces of the provisional restoration, and the restoration was placed on the prepared tooth and kept in place with digital pressure. In the group treated with the alternative technique (n=10), the base paste of the calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) was placed on the tooth and the catalyst paste was inserted into the temporary crown.The provisional prosthesis was placed on the tooth and kept in place with digital pressure. Tensile values were evaluated and compared between groups using Student's t test with a 5% level of significance (α = 0.05). Use of this alternative technique resulted in significantly lower tensile strength compared to the conventional technique (0.58 ± 0.12 vs. 1.08 ± 0.13 MPa; p<0.001). The technique presented here (alternative) could avoid the undesired removal of cemented cast posts or cores at the time of provisional prosthesis removal and ensures the cementation of extensive provisional prostheses with calcium hydroxide cement.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e caracterizar (utilizando o ensaio de tração) uma técnica alternativa de manuseio para o cimento de hidróxido de cálcio na cimentação de coroa temporária. No grupo tratado com a técnica convencional (n=10), as pastas base e catalisadora de um cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (Dycal) foram dispensadas na proporção de 1:1 e misturadas. O cimento foi entao aplicado as superficies cervicais internas da restauração provisória, e a restauração foi colocada sobre o dente preparado e mantido no local com pressao digital. No grupo tratado com a técnica alternativa (n=10), a pasta base do cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (Dycal) foi colocada no dente e a pasta catalítica foi inserida na coroa provisória. A prótese provisória foi colocada sobre o dente e mantida no local com pressao digital. Os valores de tração foram avaliados comparados entre os grupos pelo teste t de Student, com nivel de significancia de 5% (α = 0,05). O uso desta técnica alternativa resultou em resistência à tração significativamente menor em comparação com a técnica convencional (0,58 ± 0,12 vs. 1,08 ± 0,13 MPa; p <0,001). A técnica aqui apresentada (alternativa) poderia evitar a remoção indesejada de pinos ou núcleos fundidos no momento da remoção da prótese provisória e garantir a cimentação de próteses provisórias extensas com cimento de hidróxido de cálcio.

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The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize (using the tensile test) an alternative handling technique for calcium hydroxide cement in temporary crown cementation. In the group treated with the conventional technique (n=10), the base and catalyst pastes of a calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) were dispensed at a 1:1 ratio and mixed. The cement was then applied to the internal cervical surfaces of the provisional restoration, and the restoration was placed on the prepared tooth and kept in place with digital pressure. In the group treated with the alternative technique (n=10), the base paste of the calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) was placed on the tooth and the catalyst paste was inserted into the temporary crown. The provisional prosthesis was placed on the tooth and kept in place with digital pressure. Tensile values were evaluated and compared between groups using Student's t test with a 5% level of significance (α = 0.05). Use of this alternative technique resulted in significantly lower tensile strength compared to the conventional technique (0.58 ± 0.12 vs. 1.08 ± 0.13 MPa; p<0.001). The technique presented here (alternative) could avoid the undesired removal of cemented cast posts or cores at the time of provisional prosthesis removal and ensures the cementation of extensive provisional prostheses with calcium hydroxide cement (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e caracterizar (utilizando o ensaio de tração) uma técnica alternativa de manuseio para o cimento de hidróxido de cálcio na cimentação de coroa temporária. No grupo tratado com a técnica convencional (n=10), as pastas base e catalisadora de um cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (Dycal) foram dispensadas na proporção de 1:1 e misturadas. O cimento foi então aplicado às superfícies cervicais internas da restauração provisória, e a restauração foi colocada sobre o dente preparado e mantido no local com pressão digital. No grupo tratado com a técnica alternativa (n=10), a pasta base do cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (Dycal) foi colocada no dente e a pasta catalítica foi inserida na coroa provisória. A prótese provisória foi colocada sobre o dente e mantida no local com pressão digital. Os valores de tração foram avaliados comparados entre os grupos pelo teste t de Student, com nível de significância de 5% (α = 0,05). O uso desta técnica alternativa resultou em resistência à tração significativamente menor em comparação com a técnica convencional (0,58 ± 0,12 vs. 1,08 ± 0,13 MPa; p <0,001). A técnica aqui apresentada (alternativa) poderia evitar a remoção indesejada de pinos ou núcleos fundidos no momento da remoção da prótese provisória e garantir a cimentação de próteses provisórias extensas com cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (AU)

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This study compared the surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy of molds after disinfection using 2% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate or 0.2% peracetic acid to those of molds that were not disinfected, for four elastomeric impression materials: polysulfide (Light Bodied Permlastic), polyether (Impregum Soft), polydimethylsiloxane (Oranwash L) andpolyvinylsiloxane (Aquasil Ultra LV). The molds were prepared on a matrix by applying pressure, using a perforated metal tray. The molds were removed following polymerization and either disinfected (by soaking in one of the solutions for 15 minutes) or not disinfected. The samples were thus divided into 16 groups (n=5). Surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy were evaluated using optical microscopy to assess the 20-µm line over its entire 25 mm length. The dimensional accuracy results (%) were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey's test (a=5%). The 20-µm line was completely reproduced by all elastomeric impression materials, regardless of disinfection procedure. There was no significant difference between the control group and molds disinfected with peracetic acid for the elastomeric materials Impregum Soft (polyether) and Aquasil Ultra LV (polyvinylsiloxane). The high-level disinfectant peracetic acid would be the choice material for disinfection.

Este estudo comparou a reprodução de detalhes da superficie e estabilidade dimensional de moldes obtidos após desinfecção utilizando hipoclorito de sódio 2%, digluconato de clorexidina 2%, ou ácido peracético 0,2% a moldes que não foram desinfetados com quatro elastomeros: polissulfeto (Light Bodied Permlastic), polieter (Impregum Soft), silicona reação por condensação (Oranwash L) e silicona reação por adição (Aquasil Ultra LV). Os moldes foram preparados sobre matriz contendo linhas de 20, 50 e 75 µm realizado sob pressão com moldeira de metal perfurada. Os moldes foram removidos após a polimerização e desinfetados (utilizando uma das soluções por imersão, armazenados em frascos fechados durante 15 minutos) ou não desinfetados. Assim, as amostras foram divididas em 16 grupos (n=5). A reprodução detalhes da superficie e a precisão dimensional foram avaliadas usando microscopia óptica na linha 20 µm com 25 mm de comprimento, de acordo com a norma ISO 4823. Os resultados de precisão dimensional (%) foram submetidos a análise de variancia (ANOVA) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de nivel de significancia. A linha de 20 µm foi completamente reproduzida por todos os elastomeros, independentemente do processo de desinfecção. Nao houve diferenga estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo controle e moldes desinfetados com acido peracético para os elastomeros Impregum Soft (polieter) e Aquasil Ultra LV (silicona reação por adição). O desinfetante de alto nivel ácido peracético seria o material de escolha para a desinfecção.

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This study compared the surface detail reproduction anddimensional accuracy of molds after disinfection using 2% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate or 0.2% peracetic acid to those of molds that were not disinfected, forfour elastomeric impression materials: polysulfide (Light Bodied Permlastic), polyether (Impregum Soft), polydimethylsiloxane(Oranwash L) and polyvinylsiloxane (Aquasil Ultra LV). Themolds were prepared on a matrix by applying pressure, using aperforated metal tray. The molds were removed followingpolymerization and either disinfected (by soaking in one of thesolutions for 15 minutes) or not disinfected. The samples werethus divided into 16 groups (n=5). Surface detail reproductionand dimensional accuracy were evaluated using opticalmicroscopy to assess the 20 ­µm line over its entire 25 mm length. The dimensional accuracy results (%) were subjectedto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were comparedby Tukey’s test (α=5%). The 20 ­µm line was completelyreproduced by all elastomeric impression materials, regardlessof disinfection procedure. There was no significant difference between the control group and molds disinfected with peraceticacid for the elastomeric materials Impregum Soft (polyether)and Aquasil Ultra LV (polyvinylsiloxane). The high­leveldisinfectant peracetic acid would be the choice material for disinfection.

Este estudo comparou a reprodução de detalhes da superfície e estabilidade dimensional de moldes obtidos após desinfecção utilizando hipoclorito de sódio 2%, digluconato de clorexidina 2%, ou ácido peracético 0,2% a moldes que não foram desinfetados com quatro elastômeros: polissulfeto (Light Bodied Permlastic), polieter (Impregum Soft), silicona reação porcondensação (Oranwash L) e silicona reação por adição (Aquasil Ultra LV). Os moldes foram preparados sobre matriz conten dolinhas de 20, 50 e 75 µm realizado sob pressão com moldeirade metal perfurada. Os moldes foram removidos após a polimerização e desinfetados (utilizando uma das soluções porimersão, armazenados em frascos fechados durante 15 minutos)ou não desinfetados. Assim, as amostras foram divididas em 16grupos (n=5). A reprodução detalhes da superfície e a precisão dimensional foram avaliadas usando microscopia óptica na linha 20 µm com 25 mm de comprimento, de acordo com a norma ISO 4823. Os resultados de precisão dimensional (%) foram submetidos à análise de variância (A NOVA) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de nível de significância. A linha de 20 µm foi completamente reproduzida por todos os elastômeros, independentemente do processo de desinfecção. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo controle e moldes desinfetados com acido peracético para os elastômeros Impregum Soft (polieter) e Aquasil Ultra LV (siliconareação por adição). O desinfetante de alto nível ácido peracético seria o material de escolha para a desinfecção.

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This study compared the surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy of stone models obtained from molds prepared using different alginate impression materials (Cavex ColorChange, Hydrogum 5, or Jeltrate Plus) and with different storage times (1, 3, and 5 days) to models from molds that were filled immediately with no storage time. The molds were prepared over a matrix containing 50-µm line, (ISO 1563 standard) under pressure with a perforated metal tray. The molds were removed 2 minutes after loss of sticky consistency and either filled immediately or stored in closed jars at 100% relative humidity and 37°C for 1, 3, or 5 days. The molds were filled with dental plaster (Durone IV). Surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy were evaluated using optical microscopy on the 50-µm wide line, which was 25 mm in length, according to ISO 1563 standard. The dimensional accuracy results (%) were subjected to analysis of variance. The 50-µm wide line (ISO 1563 standard) was completely reproduced by all alginate impression materials regardless of the storage time. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean dimensional accuracy values of stone models made from molds composed of different alginate impression materials and with different storage times (p = 0.989). In conclusion, storing the mold for five days prior to filling did not change the surface detail reproduction or dimensional accuracy of the alginates examined in this study.

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This study compared the surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy of stone models obtained from molds prepared using different alginate impression materials (Cavex Color Change, Hydrogum 5, or Jeltrate Plus) and with different storage times (1, 3, and 5 days) to models from molds that were filled immediatel y with no storage time. The molds were prepared over a matrix containing 50-μm line, (ISO 1563 standard) under pressure with a perforated metal tray. The molds were removed2 minutes after loss of sticky consistency and either filled immediately or stored in closed jars at 100% relative humidity and 37°C for 1, 3, or 5 days. The molds were filled with dental plaster (Durone IV). Surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy were evaluated using optical microscopy on the 50-μmwide line, which was 25 mm in length, according to ISO 1563 standard. The dimensional accuracy results (%) were subjected to analysis of variance. The 50-μm wide line (ISO 1563 standard)was completely reproduced by all alginate impression materials regardless of the storage time. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean dimensional accuracy values of stone models made from molds composed of different alginate impression materials and with different storage times (p = 0.989).In conclusion, storing the mold for five days prior to filling did not change the surface detail reproduction or dimensional accuracy of the alginates examined in this study.

Este estudo comparou a reprodução de detalhes da superfície e estabilidade dimensional de modelos de gesso obtidos a partir de diferentes alginatos (Cavex Color Change, Hydrogum 5, Jeltrate Plus) e com diferentes tempos de armazenagem (1, 3, e 5 dias)para modelos obtidos de moldes que foram preenchidos imediatamente sem tempo de armazenagem. Os moldes foram preparados sobre matriz contendo linha de 50 μm (norma ISO1563) realizado sob pressão com moldeira de metal perfurada.Os moldes foram removidos 2 minutos após a perda de consistência pegajosa e preenchidos imediatamente ou armazenado sem frascos fechados com temperatura (37°C) e umidade relativa(100%) controladas por 1, 3 ou 5 dias. Os moldes foram preenchidos com gesso dental (Durone IV). A reprodução de detalhes da superfície e a estabilidade dimensional foram avaliadas usando microscopia óptica na linha 50 μm com 25 mm de comprimento, de acordo com a norma ISO 1563. Os resultados de estabilidade dimensional (%) foram submetidos á análise de variância. A linha de 50 μm (norma ISO 1563) foi completamente reproduzida por todos os alginatos, independentemente do tempo de armazenagem. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significa -tiva nos valores médios de estabilidade de modelos de gesso obtidos de moldes de diferentes alginatos com diferentes tempos de armazenagem (p = 0.989). Em conclusão, o armazenamento do molde durante cinco dias antes do preenchimento não alterou a reprodução de detalhes da superfície ou estabilidade dimensional dos alginatos examinadas neste estudo.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of green tea on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to bleached enamel. Forty-two human third molars were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 7 each group): group 1, no treatment; group 2, bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide); group 3, bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate gel (SA); group 4, bleaching + 10% green tea gel (GT); group 5, SA; and group 6, GT. In groups 2, 3, and 4, bleach was applied onto the enamel surface for 6 h, every day for 14 d. In groups 3 and 5, SA was applied for 1 h; and in groups 4 and 6, GT was applied for 1 h. Immediately after treatment, the specimens were bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 and Filtek Z350 XT. The µTBS of the specimens was tested using a universal testing machine. Fracture mode analysis of the bonded enamel surface was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The mean µTBS values for each group were: group 1, 33.2 ± 5.8 MPa; group 2, 22.6 ± 5.5 MPa; group 3, 30.0 ± 5.2 MPa; group 4, 31.6 ± 3.8 MPa; group 5, 29.1 ± 4.2 MPa; and group 6, 32.2 ± 4.5 MPa. All groups had a higher percentage of mixed failures. In conclusion, green tea can be used as an alternative antioxidant on bleached enamel before bonding procedures.

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INTRODUCTION: Radiation-related caries is a disease with high potential of teeth destruction in patients who have undergone radiotherapy in the head and neck region. Also, it is a challenge for dentistry due to high rates of recurrent caries and early restorations failure. PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the early restoration failures in order to better understand the etiology of dental restorations reduced longevity in irradiated teeth. METHODS: Fifteen restored permanent teeth extracted from 11 patients who had finished head and neck radiotherapy were studied. Sections from each tooth were prepared and a qualitative description of the interface between restorations and dentin was performed by using polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Unfavorable anatomical shape of restorations, residual caries, and secondary caries affecting dentin adjacent to restorative materials were widely found. The morphological patterns of these carious lesions were similar to conventional dentin lesions with superficial demineralized zone and translucent zone. CONCLUSIONS: Early dental restoration failure in teeth affected by radiation-related caries may have the same etiological factors from ordinary dental restoration failure and direct radiogenic damage to dentition would not be essential to early restorations failure in radiation-related caries.

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