RESUMEN
Falls are a leading cause of mortality among older adults worldwide. With the increasing aging population, falls are rapidly becoming a public health concern. Numerous internal and external factors have been associated with an older adult's increased risk of falling. Most notably visual impairments are gaining recognition for their critical role in fall events, particularly related to trips, slips and falls due to environmental hazards. This review presents the issue of vision and falls from a multidisciplinary health professional perspective. Discussions include the influence of visual impairment on mobility and activities of daily living, the effects of medications on vision, visual cognitive factors on falls risk and visual training interventions. Finally, implications for multidisciplinary health professional practice and suggestions for future research are offered.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas , Trastornos de la Visión/complicaciones , Accidentes por Caídas/prevención & control , Anciano , HumanosRESUMEN
On the basis of current epidemiological and clinical research, this article describes how mental health symptoms are associated with heart disease, a major chronic condition that occurs primarily in middle and late life. The article describes the culturally and historically important link between heart and mind. It then describes depression and anxiety, both as manifestations of heart disease and as contributors to the disease prognosis. In addition to discussing risk factors, the article discusses factors that protect against the co-occurrence of mental health problems and heart disease such as positive attitudes, coping mechanisms, social supports, and spirituality. Further, the article highlights issues concerning the clinical assessment of mental health symptoms and interventions to address them. Finally, it summarizes the collaborative chronic care model, in which health care professionals-including medical, mental health, gerontological, and community social workers-assess and manage patients with comorbid mental health symptoms and heart disease.
Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud/organización & administración , Cardiopatías/prevención & control , Trastornos Mentales/prevención & control , Servicios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Salud Mental , Adaptación Psicológica , Ansiedad/prevención & control , Comorbilidad , Depresión/prevención & control , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Modelos Psicológicos , Factores de Riesgo , Espiritualidad , Estrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
This article examines the responses of social work administrators to the changes occurring throughout their hospitals over three time periods in the 1990s; the major accomplishments of social work services in their facilities; and the failures, frustrations, and obstacles in the delivery of social work services. It compares the reports of social work director cohorts on the changes they experienced over an eight-year period with what they had expected in their settings. It also analyzes their perceptions over time of obstacles and opportunities for hospital social work administrators in response to these changes. The authors present the ways in which social work administrators understand and address the complexities they face.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/organización & administración , Administradores de Hospital/psicología , Liderazgo , Servicio de Asistencia Social en Hospital/organización & administración , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Innovación Organizacional , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Market forces continue to shape the health care environment, producing radical changes within the hospital. These changes are affecting social work structure, staffing, and processes within the hospital setting, particularly in the area of social work staffing. This paper examines the changes impacting hospital settings over three fiscal years. A primary question is whether or not social work staffing is being negatively impacted by these hospital changes, and what factors predict the downsizing of social work staff.