RESUMEN
Measurement of adaptive skills is important in the diagnosis, intervention planning, and progress monitoring of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Thus, ensuring accurate measurement, including measurement invariance, across children with and without IDD is critical. In this study, we evaluate the measurement invariance using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the Vineland-3 Comprehensive Interview (CIF) across children ages 6-21 years with and without IDD (N = 1,192) using archival data. Results showed that the Vineland-3 CIF exhibits configural invariance but may show some metric non-invariance in children with and without IDD. Suggestions for using the Vineland-3 CIF in this population are provided and future research and measure development needs are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Discapacidades del Desarrollo , Discapacidad Intelectual , Humanos , Niño , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Análisis Factorial , Psicometría , Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) knowledge is associated with reduced stigma, earlier identification, and increased intervention access. Several ADHD knowledge measures have emerged. However, the psychometric quality of these measures varies wildly, and a review of the current psychometric support for ADHD knowledge measures is lacking. METHODS: The current study is a systematic review of ADHD knowledge measures for the reported psychometric support and the populations in which they are validated. The databases PsycINFO, ERIC, and PubMed were searched using PRISMA guidelines for peer-reviewed publications using a direct ADHD knowledge measure for original data collection. An ancestral search and the inclusion of dissertations were used to reduce potential publication bias. Included articles were coded for psychometric support, population of interest, and validation sample characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 163 articles were identified, including a total of 96 ADHD knowledge measures. The majority of measures (71.8%) did not include adequate psychometric evidence to constitute an evidence-based measure. Within that, approximately a third of ADHD knowledge measures were not accompanied by any psychometric support. Many measures are designed for and validated in only one population. Most studies did not report racial and ethnic validation sample composition; among those that did, there is a lack of diversity. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of psychometric evidence for ADHD knowledge measures calls into question the current literature regarding ADHD knowledge, particularly related to racially and ethnically minoritized respondents with whom few measures have been validated. Implications for researchers and clinicians selecting an ADHD knowledge measure are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Humanos , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/terapia , PsicometríaRESUMEN
ABSTRACTWhile models considering the relationship between emotion and risk differ, many agree that emotions should affect risk in accordance with the adaptive function of the emotion. The function of boredom has been proposed to motivate the pursuit of an alternative experience. Based on this, we predicted that a state of boredom would result in an optimistic perception of risk and increased risk-taking. In Study 1 (n = 164) and Study 2 (n = 200) participants who were made bored (relative to neutral, anger, and fear conditions) reported less worry and concern and estimated fewer deaths for causes of death. Study 3 (n = 149) showed that participants who were made bored (compared to neutral and fear conditions) perceived risk more optimistically, reported being more likely to take risks, and perceived more potential benefits from taking risks. In Study 4 (n = 84) participants who were made bored (relative to neutral) took more risks on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, a behavioural measure of risk. These findings show that state boredom results in an optimistic perception of risk, increased self-reported risk taking, and increased risk taking. Our results support boredom as an emotion that impacts risk in line with its function.