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OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in Brazilian adolescents, as well as the prevalence of altered levels of such parameters. METHODS Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were used. This is a country-wide, school-based cross-sectional study that evaluated 12 to 17-year old adolescents living in cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. The average and distribution of plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated. Dyslipidemia was determined by levels of total cholesterol ≥ 170 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol < 45 mg/dL, or triglycerides ≥ 130 mg/dl. The data were analyzed by gender, age, and regions in Brazil. RESULTS We evaluated 38,069 adolescents - 59.9% of females, and 54.2% between 15 and 17 years. The average values found were: total cholesterol = 148.1 mg/dl (95%CI 147.1-149.1), HDL cholesterol = 47.3 mg/dl (95%CI 46.7-47.9), LDL cholesterol = 85.3 mg/dl (95%CI 84.5-86.1), and triglycerides = 77.8 mg/dl (95%CI 76.5-79.2). The female adolescents had higher average levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, without differences in the levels of triglycerides. We did not observe any significant differences between the average values among 12 to 14 and 15- to 17-year old adolescents. The most prevalent lipid alterations were low HDL cholesterol (46.8% [95%CI 44.8-48.9]), hypercholesterolemia (20.1% [95%CI 19.0-21.3]), and hypertriglyceridemia (7.8% [95%CI 7.1-8.6]). High LDL cholesterol was found in 3.5% (95%CI 3.2-4.0) of the adolescents. Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was higher in Brazil's North and Northeast regions. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Brazilian adolescents has alterations in their plasma lipids. The high prevalence of low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, especially in Brazil's North and Northeast regions, must be analyzed in future studies, to support the creation of strategies for efficient interventions.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in Brazilian adolescents, as well as the prevalence of altered levels of such parameters. METHODS Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were used. This is a country-wide, school-based cross-sectional study that evaluated 12 to 17-year old adolescents living in cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. The average and distribution of plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated. Dyslipidemia was determined by levels of total cholesterol ≥ 170 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol < 45 mg/dL, or triglycerides ≥ 130 mg/dl. The data were analyzed by gender, age, and regions in Brazil. RESULTS We evaluated 38,069 adolescents – 59.9% of females, and 54.2% between 15 and 17 years. The average values found were: total cholesterol = 148.1 mg/dl (95%CI 147.1-149.1), HDL cholesterol = 47.3 mg/dl (95%CI 46.7-47.9), LDL cholesterol = 85.3 mg/dl (95%CI 84.5-86.1), and triglycerides = 77.8 mg/dl (95%CI 76.5-79.2). The female adolescents had higher average levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, without differences in the levels of triglycerides. We did not observe any significant differences between the average values among 12 to 14 and 15- to 17-year old adolescents. The most prevalent lipid alterations were low HDL cholesterol (46.8% [95%CI 44.8-48.9]), hypercholesterolemia (20.1% [95%CI 19.0-21.3]), and hypertriglyceridemia (7.8% [95%CI 7.1-8.6]). High LDL cholesterol was found in 3.5% (95%CI 3.2-4.0) of the adolescents. Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was higher in Brazil’s North and Northeast regions. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Brazilian adolescents has alterations in their plasma lipids. The high prevalence of low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, especially in Brazil’s North and Northeast regions, must be analyzed in future studies, to support the creation of strategies for efficient interventions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar a distribuição de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos em adolescentes brasileiros, bem como a prevalência de níveis alterados de tais parâmetros. MÉTODOS Foram utilizados dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), estudo transversal, de âmbito nacional e base escolar que avaliou adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos, residentes em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. Foi avaliada a média e distribuição dos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos. Dislipidemia foi determinada por níveis de colesterol total ≥ 170 mg/dl, LDL-colesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL-colesterol < 45 mg/dL ou triglicerídeos ≥ 130 mg/dl. Os dados foram analisados por sexo, idade e regiões do Brasil. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 38.069 adolescentes, 59,9% do sexo feminino; 54,2% com idade entre 15 a 17 anos. Os valores médios encontrados foram: colesterol total 148,1 mg/dl (IC95% 147,1-149,1), HDL-colesterol 47,3 mg/dl (IC95% 46,7-47,9), LDL-colesterol 85,3 mg/dl (IC95% 84,5-86,1), e triglicerídeos 77,8 mg/dl (IC95% 76,5-79,2). Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram níveis médios de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol mais elevados, mas sem diferença nos níveis de triglicerídeos. Não houve diferença significativa de valores médios entre adolescentes de 12 a 14 e de 15 a 17 anos. As alterações com maior prevalência foram HDL-colesterol baixo (46,8% [IC95% 44,8-48,9]), hipercolesterolemia (20,1% [IC95% 19,0-21,3]) e hipertrigliceridemia (7,8% [IC95% 7,1-8,6]). O LDL-colesterol elevado foi observado em 3,5% (IC95% 3,2-4,0) dos adolescentes. As prevalências de HDL-colesterol baixo foram mais elevadas nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do País. CONCLUSÕES Uma parcela significativa dos adolescentes brasileiros apresenta alterações dos lípides plasmáticos. A alta prevalência de HDL-colesterol baixo e a hipertrigliceridemia, sobretudo nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, devem ser analisadas em futuros estudos para subsidiar formulações de estratégias de intervenções eficazes.

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Background:High blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in the Brazilian population. Lifestyle changes, including physical activity, are important for lowering blood pressure levels and decreasing the costs associated with outcomes.Objective:Assess the impact of physical activity interventions on blood pressure in Brazilian individuals.Methods:Meta-analysis and systematic review of studies published until May 2014, retrieved from several health sciences databases. Seven studies with 493 participants were included. The analysis included parallel studies of physical activity interventions in adult populations in Brazil with a description of blood pressure (mmHg) before and after the intervention in the control and intervention groups.Results:Of 390 retrieved studies, eight matched the proposed inclusion criteria for the systematic review and seven randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions included aerobic and resistance exercises. There was a reduction of -10.09 (95% CI: -18.76 to -1.43 mmHg) in the systolic and -7.47 (95% CI: -11.30 to -3.63 mmHg) in the diastolic blood pressure.Conclusions:Available evidence on the effects of physical activity on blood pressure in the Brazilian population shows a homogeneous and significant effect at both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, the strength of the included studies was low and the methodological quality was also low and/or regular. Larger studies with more rigorous methodology are necessary to build robust evidence.

Fundamento:A pressão arterial elevada está associada com a doença cardiovascular, que é a principal causa de mortalidade na população brasileira. Modificações no estilo de vida, incluindo a atividade física, são importantes para a redução dos níveis pressóricos e diminuição dos gastos decorrentes de desfechos.Objetivo:Avaliar o impacto de intervenções em atividade física sobre a pressão arterial de brasileiros.Métodos:Metanálise feita por meio de revisão sistemática, utilizando várias bases de dados em ciências da saúde publicados até maio/2014. Foram utilizados sete estudos e uma amostra de 493 participantes. Foram incluídos estudos paralelos de intervenções em atividade física em populações adultas brasileiras que possuíam descrição de pressão arterial (mmHg) antes e após a intervenção em grupos controle e intervenção.Resultados:Dos 390 estudos encontrados, oito atingiram os critérios de inclusão propostos para a revisão sistemática e sete ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos para a meta-análise. Dentre esses, intervenções com atividade física variaram entre exercícios de resistência e aeróbico. Houve redução da pressão arterial sistólica -10.09 (IC 95%: - 18.76 a -1.43 mmHg) e da pressão arterial diastólica -7,47 (IC 95%: -11.30 a -3.63 mmHg).Conclusões:A evidência disponível sobre os efeitos da atividade física na pressão arterial da população brasileira indica um efeito homogêneo e significativo para pressão arterial sistólica e para pressão arterial diastólica, porém a força dos estudos sintetizados é baixa e a qualidade metodológica, baixa e/ou regular. Estudos maiores e com maior rigor metodológico são necessários para construção de evidência robusta.

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BACKGROUND: High blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in the Brazilian population. Lifestyle changes, including physical activity, are important for lowering blood pressure levels and decreasing the costs associated with outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Assess the impact of physical activity interventions on blood pressure in Brazilian individuals. METHODS: Meta-analysis and systematic review of studies published until May 2014, retrieved from several health sciences databases. Seven studies with 493 participants were included. The analysis included parallel studies of physical activity interventions in adult populations in Brazil with a description of blood pressure (mmHg) before and after the intervention in the control and intervention groups. RESULTS: Of 390 retrieved studies, eight matched the proposed inclusion criteria for the systematic review and seven randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions included aerobic and resistance exercises. There was a reduction of -10.09 (95% CI: -18.76 to -1.43 mmHg) in the systolic and -7.47 (95% CI: -11.30 to -3.63 mmHg) in the diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence on the effects of physical activity on blood pressure in the Brazilian population shows a homogeneous and significant effect at both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, the strength of the included studies was low and the methodological quality was also low and/or regular. Larger studies with more rigorous methodology are necessary to build robust evidence.

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BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) has become a public health problem with increased incidence and prevalence in the last decade, a consequence of the aging of the population and improved pharmacological and interventionist therapies. It has high rates of mortality and morbidity, expressed as high rates of hospitalizations and re-hospitalizations, even in patients submitted to new therapies, especially ACEI and beta-blockers. OBJECTIVE: This study is the analysis of the impact that the nursing consultation has on the frequency of hospitalizations in patients with HF living in the city of Curitiba, state of Parana and its metropolitan region. METHOD: Patients with a diagnosis of HF and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, with telephone access, living in the city of Curitiba or its metropolitan region, life expectancy > 3 months due to non-cardiac diseases, aged 18 or older, non-users of illicit drugs. The groups were created by simple random allocation (drawing lots) and one group received the usual medical care, nursing consultation and telephone monitoring every 15 days of educational nature, intervention group (IG), whereas the other group received the usual medical care, monthly telephone monitoring of administrative and epidemiological nature, control group (CG). The follow-up was carried out for 6 months. RESULTS: The IG needed 0.25+/-0.79 and the CG needed 1.10 +/-1.41; p = 0.037 hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: The nursing consultation promotes the decrease in the frequency of hospitalizations in patients with HF undergoing treatment and living in the city of Curitiba and its metropolitan region.

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FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) tornou-se um problema de saúde pública com incidência e prevalência aumentadas na última década, consequência do envelhecimento da população e melhoria das terapias farmacológicas e intervencionistas. Esta promove altas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade, refletidas em altas taxas de internações e readmissões hospitalares mesmo em pacientes submetidos às novas terapias, sobretudo o uso de IECA e β - bloqueadores. OBJETIVO: Este estudo é uma análise do impacto que a consulta de enfermagem promove na frequência de internações de pacientes com IC, residentes em Curitiba e região metropolitana - Paraná. MÉTODOS: Diagnóstico de IC e classificação funcional pela NYHA, acesso telefônico, residência em Curitiba ou região metropolitana, expectativa de sobrevida maior que 3 meses de doenças não cardíacas, idade superior a 18 anos, não usuário de drogas ilícitas. Os grupos foram formados por meio de amostragem aleatória simples (sorteio), em que um grupo recebeu atendimento médico usual, consulta de enfermagem e monitoração telefônica quinzenal de caráter educativo, grupo intervenção (GI) e o outro, atendimento médico usual, monitoração telefônica mensal de caráter administrativo e epidemiológico, grupo controle (GC). O acompanhamento se deu durante o período de 6 meses. RESULTADOS: O GI necessitou de 0,25±0,79 internamentos e o GC 1,10 ±1,41; p = 0,037. CONCLUSÃO: A consulta de enfermagem promove redução da frequência de internações hospitalares dos pacientes com IC em tratamento, residentes em Curitiba e região metropolitana.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) has become a public health problem with increased incidence and prevalence in the last decade, a consequence of the aging of the population and improved pharmacological and interventionist therapies. It has high rates of mortality and morbidity, expressed as high rates of hospitalizations and re-hospitalizations, even in patients submitted to new therapies, especially ACEI and beta-blockers. OBJECTIVE: This study is the analysis of the impact that the nursing consultation has on the frequency of hospitalizations in patients with HF living in the city of Curitiba, state of Parana and its metropolitan region. METHOD: Patients with a iagnosis of HF and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, with telephone access, living in the city of Curitiba or its metropolitan region, life expectancy > 3 months due to non-cardiac diseases, aged 18 or older, non-users of illicit drugs. The groups were created by simple random allocation (drawing lots) and one group received the usual medical care, nursing consultation and telephone monitoring every 15 days of educational nature, intervention group (IG), whereas the other group received the usual medical care, monthly telephone monitoring of administrative and epidemiological nature, control group (CG). The follow-up was carried out for 6 months. RESULTS: The IG needed 0.25±0.79 and the CG needed 1.10 ±1.41; p = 0.037 hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: The nursing consultation promotes the decrease in the frequency of hospitalizations in patients with HF undergoing treatment and living in the city of Curitiba and its metropolitan region.

FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) se convirtió en un problema de salud pública con incidencia y prevalencia aumentadas en la última década, consecuencia del envejecimiento de la población y mejoría de las terapias farmacológicas e intervencionistas. La IC promueve altas tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad, reflejadas en altas tasas de internaciones y readmisiones hospitalarias, aun en pacientes sometidos a las nuevas terapias, sobretodo el uso de IECA y β - bloqueantes. OBJETIVO: Este estudio es un análisis del impacto que la consulta de enfermería promueve en la frecuencia de internaciones de pacientes con IC, residentes en Curitiba y región metropolitana, Paraná. MÉTODOS: Diagnóstico de IC y clasificación funcional por la NYHA, contacto por teléfono, residencia en Curitiba o región metropolitana, expectativa de sobrevida mayor que 3 meses de enfermedades no cardiacas, edad superior a 18 años, no usuario de drogas ilícitas. Los grupos estaban conformados por medio de muestreo aleatorio simple (sorteo), en que un grupo recibió atención médica habitual, consulta de enfermería y monitoreo telefónico quincenal de carácter educativo, grupo intervención (GI) y otro, atención médica habitual, monitoreo telefónico mensual de carácter administrativo y epidemiológico, grupo control (GC). El seguimiento se llevó a cabo durante el período de 6 meses. RESULTADOS: El GI necesitó de 0,25±0,79 internamientos y el GC 1,10 ±1,41; p = 0,037. CONCLUSIÓN: La consulta de enfermería promueve reducción de la frecuencia de internaciones hospitalarias de los pacientes con IC en tratamiento, residentes en Curitiba y región metropolitana.

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