RESUMEN
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fatal infection in most cases, caused by the amoeba flagellate Naegleria fowleri. This report describes the first cases of PAM in Algeria, in a cow and a ewe from Batna, north-eastern Algeria. The death of both ruminants occurred a week after the first clinical manifestations. The cerebrospinal fluid, after staining with May-Grünwald-Giemsa, showed the presence of amoebae cells. Histological sections revealed numerous amoebae in all parts of the brain. The presence of N. fowleri was confirmed using a species-specific real-time PCR in histological tissue sections. The two PAM cases were reported during the hot season, and the source of infection is very likely the water where the cattle came to drink. Particular attention should be focused on this type of infection in aquatic environments when the temperature is high and preventive measures must be taken to avoid the proliferation of N. fowleri.
Asunto(s)
Amebiasis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/veterinaria , Naegleria fowleri/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Argelia/epidemiología , Amebiasis/epidemiología , Amebiasis/parasitología , Amebiasis/transmisión , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/transmisión , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/parasitología , Clima , ADN Protozoario/genética , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Femenino , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/parasitología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Estaciones del Año , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/transmisión , Agua/parasitología , Abastecimiento de AguaRESUMEN
Bovine anaplasmosis is a hemoparasitic disease considered as a major constraint to cattle production in many countries. This pathology is at least partially caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale, and Anaplasma bovis. The global threat and emergence of these species in animals require the reliable identification of these bacteria in animal samples. In this study, we developed a new qPCR tool targeting the 23S rRNA gene for the detection of Anaplasmataceae bacteria. The primers and probe for the qPCR reaction had 100% specificity and could identify at least A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. centrale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ruminantium, Neorickettisa sennetsu, and Neorickettsia risticii. We used this tool to test samples of bovines from Batna (Algeria), an area from which bovine anaplasmosis have never been reported. We identified three genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum, A. platys and Anaplasma sp. "variant 4". This finding should attract the attention of public authorities to assess the involvement of these pathogens in human and animal health.