RESUMEN
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) compounds are potent toxicants commonly used in numerous industries. Thus, potential toxic effects and health hazards are of high relevance. Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are known for their antioxidant and chemoprotective properties. However, little is known about their protective effects against CrVI-induced renal damage during pregnancy. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of these two essential elements against potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar Albino rats. Female rats were divided into control and four treated groups of six each receiving subcutaneously on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg, s.c. single dose) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg, s.c. single dose), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, s.c. single dose) or both of them simultaneously. The nephrotoxic effects were monitored by the evaluation of plasma renal parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and renal Cr content. The obtained results showed that K2Cr2O7 disturbed renal biochemical markers, induced oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in kidney tissues, and altered renal histoarchitecture. The co-administration of Se and/or ZnCl2 has exhibited pronounced chelative, antioxidant, and genoprotective effects against K2Cr2O7-induced renal damage and attenuated partially the histopathological alterations. These results suggest that Se and Zn can be used as efficient nephroprotective agents against K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity in pregnant Wistar Albino rats.
Asunto(s)
Dicromato de Potasio , Selenio , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Femenino , Riñón/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Dicromato de Potasio/toxicidad , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Selenio/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacología , Zinc/metabolismo , Zinc/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Bovine parainfluenza 3 virus is a common virus that causes respiratory tract infection in cattle, sheep, and goats worldwide. The objective of this study is to identify macroscopic and histopathological lung lesions in slaughtered sheep during the period from December 2018 to December 2019 and to determine the presence of Bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPI3V) in frozen sheep pneumonic lung using a direct immunofluorescence antibody technique (DFAT). The overall prevalence of lung affection was 11% (1440/13084). The gross lesions were acute bronchopneumonia (58.12%), interstitial pneumonia (07.15%), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (10.70%), suppurative bronchopneumonia (03.47%), verminous pneumonia (13.75%), and ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (06.81%). There was a significant difference in the rate of pulmonary lesions according to the seasons of the study. The lesions were more frequently observed in autumn and winter with a rate of 34.17% and 28.05%, respectively. The DFAT was carried out only on 107 pneumonic samples with interstitial pneumonia, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, and acute bronchopneumonia. The BPI3V antigens were detected in 12 samples (11.21%). This is the first study that revealed the presence of the BPI3V in pneumonic sheep lungs in Batna region using the direct immunofluorescence antibody technique. The latter may be used for definite diagnosis when histopathological modifications in pneumonic sheep caused by this virus are difficult to distinguish from those caused by other respiratory viruses.
RESUMEN
We report the occurrence of lung cancer in a six months old lamb of Ouled Djellal breed from Algeria. The main clinical sign was a considerable amount of whitish foamy fluid discharge from the nostrils when the animal head was lowered and the rear end was lifted. The post-mortem examination revealed the presence of enlarged, heavy and edematous lungs with diffuse or foci areas, reddish or white-gray in color. The gross and histological lesions of the lungs were compatible with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma in sheep is caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and originated from differentiated alveolar type II cells and non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells. We evidenced the expression of the oncogenic JSRV by immunostaining of lung slides with specific antibodies against the JSRV envelope. The viral proteins were expressed only in the tumor cells from the affected areas. As already described in other countries, JSRV-induced lung adenocarcinoma is present in the sheep population in Algeria.
RESUMEN
The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay is a useful and a minimally invasive cytogenetic method for measuring genomic damage. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the extent of chromosomal damage in couples with idiopathic infertility using a BMCyt. This study included 54 patients (27 couples) with idiopathic infertility and 30 fertile subjects (15 couples). When evaluated by individual (each subject from the couple is considered separately), the frequencies of micronucleated cells (MNC), total micronuclei (TMN), nuclear buds (NBUD), and binucleated cells (BN) were significantly higher in the infertile individuals than in the fertile ones (p = 0.009, p = 0.009, p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Among the cells reflecting cell death events, condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhectic (KHC) and pyknotic (PYK) cells were significantly higher in the infertile individuals (p = 0.0001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, respectively). Identical results were obtained when data were analysed by couple (female + male). The frequencies of MNC, TMN, NBUD, and BN cells were significantly higher in the infertile couples (p = 0.019, p = 0.021, p = 0.013, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Likewise, CC, KHC and PYK cells were significantly higher in the infertile couples (p = 0.002, p = 0.034, p = 0.008, respectively). BN cells showed the most pronounced difference between the fertile and infertile groups. The basal (BAS) and karyolitic (KYL) cells did not show a significant difference. In conclusion, this study showed that, in comparison to controls, couples with idiopathic infertility had significantly higher frequencies of DNA damage biomarkers (MN and NBUD), biomarkers of cytokinesis-failure or arrest (BN cells) and cell death biomarkers (CC, KHC and PYK cells). These results suggest a possible role of chromosomal damage in idiopathic infertility that may be due to an imbalance between DNA damage rates and DNA repair mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/análisis , Núcleo Celular/genética , Daño del ADN , Infertilidad/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Adulto , Argelia/epidemiología , Muerte Celular , Citocinesis , Femenino , Humanos , Infertilidad/epidemiología , Infertilidad/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fatal infection in most cases, caused by the amoeba flagellate Naegleria fowleri. This report describes the first cases of PAM in Algeria, in a cow and a ewe from Batna, north-eastern Algeria. The death of both ruminants occurred a week after the first clinical manifestations. The cerebrospinal fluid, after staining with May-Grünwald-Giemsa, showed the presence of amoebae cells. Histological sections revealed numerous amoebae in all parts of the brain. The presence of N. fowleri was confirmed using a species-specific real-time PCR in histological tissue sections. The two PAM cases were reported during the hot season, and the source of infection is very likely the water where the cattle came to drink. Particular attention should be focused on this type of infection in aquatic environments when the temperature is high and preventive measures must be taken to avoid the proliferation of N. fowleri.
Asunto(s)
Amebiasis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/veterinaria , Naegleria fowleri/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Argelia/epidemiología , Amebiasis/epidemiología , Amebiasis/parasitología , Amebiasis/transmisión , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/epidemiología , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias del Sistema Nervioso Central/transmisión , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/parasitología , Clima , ADN Protozoario/genética , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Femenino , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/parasitología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Estaciones del Año , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/transmisión , Agua/parasitología , Abastecimiento de AguaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Salmonellosis is one of the major foodborne diseases known to be closely related to the consumption of contaminated eggs, infected poultry, and poultry products. Control and survey of the poultry chain are the key elements and the most critical steps in the prevention of human transmission of Salmonella. METHODOLOGY: This study was carried out in East Algeria on 150 eggs meant for consumption collected from mini-markets and immediately tested for Salmonella using standard methods (ISO AFNOR 6579 modified in 2002). Briefly, the shell surfaces were carefully wiped using sterile appropriated tissues while the white and yellow yolks were separated. All 10 samples were pooled together and a total of 45 samples were carefully analyzed. RESULTS: A contamination rate of 4.4% was found, and two strains of Salmonella bradford were isolated from white and yellow yolks. The results showed that XLT4 was the best medium for Salmonella isolation from yolks. Screening for other Salmonella in parental chickens using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test revealed seropositive cases of Salmonella enteritidis at the top of the poultry production pyramid. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of Salmonella in yolks and seropositive results for S. in parental chickens is a serious and potential danger to public health. Radical and preventive measures must be taken at the critical points to control and to avoid human transmission. These measures must be installed at all levels of egg production through the application of appropriate and strict regulations, and use of good hygienic practices in transport, storage, and food preparation.
Asunto(s)
Huevos/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonella/clasificación , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Argelia/epidemiología , Animales , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Humanos , Aves de Corral , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Camel trypanosomosis is a life-threatening disease in the camel species and responsible for severe economic losses either in milk or meat productions. This study was carried out on the south-east area of Algeria on 100 camels of various ages and either sex from two herds. Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed higher levels of trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi, an elongated parasite with a kinetoplast and a single nucleus located in its half-length and one flagellum with great heterogeneity. This first investigation reveals higher infection rate than those observed in other countries using blood smears, the trypanosomosis attack has reached an alarming level and the occurrence of trypanosomosis at this high level on blood smears is like "the tree that hides the forest" and make up a serious and potential danger both on animal and public health. Therefore, radical preventive and offensive drastic measures must be taken against this menacing disease at the critical points to prevent the economic losses and to avoid possible human transmission.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Avian salmonellosis affects the poultry industry in underdeveloped and in developed countries. The aim of this study was to identify the most common Salmonella serovars in broilers and laying breeding reproducers in Eastern Algeria according to the ISO 6579 method. METHODOLOGY: A total of 294 samples were obtained from two flocks of 10,000 broilers and laying breeding reproducers. Samples included livers and spleens, drag swabs of bottom boxes of young chickens, cloacal swabs, and faecal samples of chickens. Additional samples were also taken from water, feed and dusty surfaces. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Only the cloacal swabs, poultry faeces and samples from dusty surfaces were positive for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Livingstone with a detection rate of 12% and 1.6% respectively. The results showed evidence of legislative failure regarding biosafety within the poultry industry in the area of Batna, Eastern Algeria.