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O trabalho foi desenvolvido para verificar o efeito do óleo essencial e do extrato bruto de alfavaca-cravo (Ocimum gratissimum), coletado nas quatro estações do ano, no crescimento micelial in vitro dos fungos Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Phytophthora sp. e Alternaria alternata. Para avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial no crescimento micelial dos fungos, alíquotas de 20 ?L, 40 ?L e 60 ?L de óleo esterilizado foram distribuídas na superfície de meio BDA (batata-dextrose-ágar) antes da repicagem dos fungos. O extrato bruto aquoso (EBA) foi filtrado e incorporado em BDA nas concentrações de 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% e 50%. Os resultados indicaram que houve inibição total do crescimento micelial dos fungos nas diferentes alíquotas de óleo essencial. O EBA das plantas colhidas no outono proporcionou os melhores resultados, sendo que nesta estação do ano o EBA na concentração de 5% foi suficiente para promover 100% de inibição do crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos A. alternata e S. rolfsii.

The present >work aimed to evaluate the effects of the essential oil and crude extract of wild basil (Ocimum gratissimum), harvested in different seasons, on the in vitro mycelia growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Phytophthora sp. and Alternaria alternata. To evaluate the effect of the essential oil, sterilized oil aliquots of 20 ?L, 40 ?L and 60 ?L were distributed on the surface of potato-dextroseagar (PDA). The aqueous crude extracts (ACE) were filtrated and incorporated in PDA at 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 50%. The results showed total inhibition of mycelial growth in the different aliquots of essential oil. The ACE collected from plants in autumn had better results; in this season the ACE at 5% was enough to provide 100% of mycelia growth inhibition of A. alternata and S. rolfsii.

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The anchoring of K[Ru(III)(edta)(Cl)] on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM of three generations G(x)/Ru (x=0, 2 and 3)) through a peptide type bond yielded the aquo species, [Ru(III)(edta)(H2O)] on dendrimer surface, and upon NO exposure, yielded their nitrosyl analogues, G(x)/RuNO. Characterization of these compounds by elemental analysis, and a UV-vis, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies indicated the immobilization of 4, 12 and 29 molecules of [Ru(III)(edta)(H2O)] or of the nitrosyl complex [Ru(II)(edta)NO] on the dendrimer surface for G(X)=0, 2 and 3, respectively. For each complex the electrochemical spectrum presented only one redox process with redox potential values of -0.20 and -0.32 V(vs SCE) attributed to the Ru(III)/Ru(II) and NO+/NO(0) couples in G(x)/Ru and G(x)/RuNO, respectively. The one-electron reduction of G(x)/RuNO+ generates G(x)/RuNO(0), which undergoes aquation with a k(-NO) of 2.1+/-0.7 x 10(-3)s(-1) (pH 1.0, mu=0.2 mol/L, CF3COOH/NaCF3COO, 25 degrees C). The G(x)/RuNO species induced a relaxing effect in aortic rings denuded of endothelium and exhibited in vitro assay trypanocidal activity.

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A group of 191 patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis was followed for about 10 years. Ninety-three of them were selected for surgery because of incapacitating painful relapses or persistent pain and were submitted to side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy. Ninety-eight were selected for medical management. Seventeen patients died during the follow-up. The cumulative probability of pain relief, 10 years after clinical onset of the disease was 62.9% in the patients who had been submitted to surgery and 42.8% in the nonoperated patients. In the operated group, no case of further relapse was observed after a 3-year pain-free interval, but in the nonoperated group some patients complained of further painful relapses. Complete and lasting alcohol withdrawal and/or steatorrhea were significantly associated with a more favorable result in the patients who had been submitted to surgery. However, the relationship between alcohol consumption, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and pain behavior did not reach statistical significance in the nonoperated patients. In patients selected for and submitted to surgery, whose disease before surgery was severe because of a high frequency of painful relapses, the chance of pain relief was similar to, and to some extent higher than, that observed in patients not selected for surgery and suffering from a mild or moderate disease. Alcohol withdrawal and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency have been confirmed as being adjunctive factors toward lessening pain in patients who had been submitted to pancreaticojejunostomy.

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Lactoferrin is present in pancreatic juice, and greatly increased concentrations are found in the pancreatic juice of patients with chronic pancreatitis. It is not known whether these high levels of lactoferrin represent a genetically determined defect predisposing to the later development of chronic pancreatitis or are simply a consequence of the disease. In view of the morphological and functional similarities between the pancreatic and parotid glands, we have measured the immunoreactive lactoferrin concentration in pure parotid saliva of 30 patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis, 26 controls, 5 patients with proven pancreatic cancer, 2 patients with Sjögren's disease and 2 patients with chronic recurrent parotitis. No difference in the lactoferrin concentration was detected between control subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Raised levels were found in the 4 patients with parotid gland disease. These findings suggest that increased lactoferrin secretion is confined to the exocrine pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis and is thus probably a phenomenon secondary to the disease.

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In two minipigs chronic pancreatic and duodenal fistulas, which allowed the diversion and the intestinal replacement of pancreatic secretion, were prepared. In a third minipig a chronic biliary fistula was also prepared so the bile secretion could be fed back into the intestine through a duodenal catheter. In these animals a chronic gastric fistula was made so gastric secretion could also be collected. Diversion-replacement of pure pancreatic juice and of bile were carried out in the fasting state. This study confirms the presence of a feedback regulatory mechanism in exocrine pancreatic secretion in the pig. Moreover, it suggests that bile can interfere with this phenomenon.

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Frequency of duodenal ulcer in patients with chronic pancreatitis is still controversial. This study aims to prospectively investigate the frequency of duodenal ulcer in a group of 190 patients (162 males and 28 females) affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis admitted to our department between 1970 and 1979. 41 cases (21.5%) were endoscopically observed (22% of the males and 17.9% of the females; male:female ratio 1.2:1). Drinking habits, cigarette consumption, presence of pancreatic calcifications and surgery did not affect the frequency of duodenal ulcer. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, as fecal fat excretion higher than 7 g/day, seems to be linked with an increased frequency of duodenal ulcer (exact Fisher's test: p = 0.0586). Moreover, duodenal ulcer was present in about one third of the patients who afterwards died, but it was the cause of death in only 1 case. Even if a prospective control population is lacking, the male:female ratio of duodenal ulcer in chronic pancreatitis seems to be different from that observed in a comparable hospitalized group (1.2:1 vs. 2.4:1) and from that reported in literature in the general adult population.

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Two cases of glomus tumour in unusual sites are described. Their indistinct symptomatology, site and histological polymorphism are made the basis of a general discussion of the histogenesis and possible ongoing pictures of glomus tumours, the classification of which is also felt to be unsatisfactory.

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