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Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (TCC) is a rare and newly recognized variant of renal cell carcinoma, which may mimic benign cystic disease of the kidney. To our knowledge, we present the first reported case of a patient who, despite standard preoperative workup, developed TCC of his native kidney soon after receiving kidney transplantation. He was appropriately treated with native nephrectomy and has had no signs of reoccurrence 7 years postoperatively. Given the significant risk of malignancy in renal transplant patients, this case emphasizes the need for close monitoring of native cystic disease before and after transplantation, with low threshold to proceed with surgical intervention.

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OBJECTIVES: Urine microscopy is a common test performed in emergency departments (EDs). Urine specimens can easily become contaminated by different factors, including the collection method. The midstream clean-catch (MSCC) collection technique is commonly used to reduce urine contamination. The urine culture contamination rate from specimens collected in our ED is 30%. We developed an instructional application (app) to show ED patients how to provide a MSCC urine sample. We hypothesized that ED patients who viewed our instructional app would have significantly lower urine contamination rates compared to patients who did not. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 257 subjects with a urinalysis and/or urine culture test ordered in the ED and asked them to watch our MSCC instructional app. After prospective enrollment was complete, we retrospectively matched each enrolled subject to an ED patient who did not watch the instructional app. Controls were matched to cases based on gender, type of urine specimen provided, ED visit date and shift. Urinalysis and urine culture contamination results were compared between the matched pairs using McNemar's test. RESULTS: The overall urine culture contamination rate of the 514 subjects was 38%. The majority of the matched pairs had a urinalysis (63%) or urinalysis plus urine culture (35%) test done. There were no significant differences in our urine contamination rates between the matched pairs overall or when stratified by gender, by prior knowledge of the clean catch process or by type of urine specimen. CONCLUSION: We did not see a lower contamination rate for patients who viewed our instructional app compared to patients who did not. It is possible that MSCC is not effective for decreasing urine specimen contamination.

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STUDY OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori infection is a known cause of gastritis, dyspepsia, and peptic ulcer disease. Testing for infection is indicated in high-prevalence outpatient settings. The objective of this prospective cohort study is to examine the feasibility of a test-and-treat strategy in the emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS: During a 13-month period at an academic ED, symptomatic patients underwent a point-of-care urea breath test (BreathID; Exalenz Bioscience Inc., Modiin, Israel) during the ED visit. Research assistants abstracted treatment information from the electronic medical record. Patients who tested positive were prescribed triple-therapy medication. All enrollees were telephoned 2 weeks after the index ED visit to ascertain symptom resolution and treatment compliance. H pylori-positive subjects were asked to return to the ED for retest. Risk differences in patient and clinical characteristics were compared by H pylori infection status, and a paired t test was used to estimate differences in pain resolution at the ED visit and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 465 symptomatic patients, 271 were eligible and 212 enrolled and were tested for H pylori. Forty-nine patients (23%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 18% to 30%) had a positive result, 33 of 49 (67%) (95% CI 53% to 79%) self-reported receiving the medication as prescribed at follow-up, 23 of 49 (47%) (95% CI 34% to 61%) were retested, and 20 of 49 (41%) (95% CI 28% to 55%) had a negative result. There was a significant reduction in pain severity, regardless of H pylori infection status. CONCLUSION: A test-and-treat strategy is feasible in the ED setting and could benefit symptomatic patients.

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