RESUMEN
The donation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) to public banks is essential to increase the probability of finding compatible donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Brazil is currently the third-largest country in number of registered bone marrow donors, but it is far behind in terms of UCB donation. Thus, this questionnaire-based study aimed to assess Brazilian pregnant women's awareness, knowledge, beliefs, and opinions about UCB banking in order to identify the causes of low donation rates. Sixty-one percent of the responders were aware of UCB banking, but 86.9% of those declared to know little or very little about it. Only 14% of pregnant women were asked whether they would like to store or donate UCB. Just 13% have made a decision, and more than half decided not to donate or store it, with the leading cause being lack of knowledge. Finally, 94% of the responders believe that women should be told about UCB banking by their doctor before the last trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Brazilian pregnant women have insufficient knowledge about UCB banking, which affects their decision regarding UCB donation, and they wish to be better informed about it by health professionals.
Asunto(s)
Sangre Fetal , Mujeres Embarazadas , Bancos de Sangre , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Asháninkas, indigenous people of Peru, use cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) to restore health. Uncaria tomentosa has antioxidant activity and works as an agent to repair DNA damage. It causes different effects on cell proliferation depending on the cell type involved; specifically, it can stimulate the proliferation of myeloid progenitors and cause apoptosis of neoplastic cells. Neutropenia is the most common collateral effect of chemotherapy. For patients undergoing cancer treatment, the administration of a drug that stimulates the proliferation of healthy hematopoietic tissue cells is very desirable. It is important to assess the acute effects of Uncaria tomentosa on granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) and in the recovery of neutrophils after chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, by establishing the correlation with filgrastim (rhG-CSF) treatment to evaluate its possible use in clinical oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vivo assay was performed in ifosfamide-treated mice receiving oral doses of 5 and 15 mg of Uncaria tomentosa and intraperitoneal doses of 3 and 9 µg of filgrastim, respectively, for four days. Colony-forming cell (CFC) assays were performed with human hematopoietic stem/precursor cells (hHSPCs) obtained from umbilical cord blood (UCB). RESULTS: Bioassays showed that treatment with Uncaria tomentosa significantly increased the neutrophil count, and a potency of 85.2% was calculated in relation to filgrastim at the corresponding doses tested. An in vitro CFC assay showed an increase in CFU-GM size and mixed colonies (CFU-GEMM) size at the final concentrations of 100 and 200 µg extract/mL. CONCLUSIONS: At the tested doses, Uncaria tomentosa had a positive effect on myeloid progenitor number and is promising for use with chemotherapy to minimize the adverse effects of this treatment. These results support the belief of the Asháninkas, who have classified Uncaria tomentosa as a 'powerful plant'.
Asunto(s)
Uña de Gato , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/efectos de los fármacos , Neutropenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Uña de Gato/química , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Sangre Fetal/citología , Filgrastim , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/administración & dosificación , Células Progenitoras de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ifosfamida , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/patología , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Neutropenia/metabolismo , Neutropenia/patología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] is a broad-spectrum, non-selective, post-emergence herbicide that is extensively used in agriculture. Published data referring to the effects of this product on human health are contradictory. We showed previously that long-term treatment of rats with low doses of Glyphosate-Biocarb® may induce hepatic histological changes and bleeding without decreasing platelet counts. The aim of the current study was to investigate, in vitro, the effect of glyphosate on human blood platelet aggregation and coagulation. Materials and methods: Platelet aggregation was determined in the platelet-rich plasma using the agents: 6µM-adenosine diphosphate, 6µM-epinephrine and 4µg/mL-collagen. Pretreatment with 500µg/mL glyphosate showed significant hypofunction of the three aggregating agents. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent at concentrations from 50 to 500 µg/mL. The release of ATP was lower for glyphosate-treated platelets after stimulation by collagen. On the other hand, glyphosate did not promote any inhibitory effects on prothrombin time, thromboplastin time and thrombin time. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that glyphosate promotes changes in the platelet metabolism with an inhibitory effect on primary hemostasis.
O glifosato [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] é um herbicida pós-emergente não seletivo de amplo espectro muito utilizado na agricultura. Dados da literatura referentes aos efeitos desse produto na saúde humana são contraditórios. Em estudos prévios demonstramos que ratos previamente tratados com glifosato apresentavam lesões hepáticas e sangramento sem alterações quantitativas de plaquetas. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar os efeitos in vitro do glifosato (GP) na agregação plaquetária e coagulação sanguínea em humanos. A agregação plaquetária foi determinada em plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) usando os agentes adenosina difosfato (ADP) 6µM, epinefrina 6µM e colágeno 4µg/mL. Pré-tratamento com GP 500µg/mL demonstrou significativa hipofunção dos três agentes agregantes. O efeito inibitório foi dose dependente em concentrações de 50-500 µg/mL. Utilizando-se a quantificação de ATP como um índice da capacidade de secreção plaquetária, foi observado diminuição da liberação das plaquetas tratadas com GP. Por outro lado, o GP não promoveu efeito inibidor no tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (ATTP) e tempo de trombina (TT). Em conclusão, os resultados demonstram que o GP promove mudanças no metabolismo plaquetário com efeito inibitório na hemostasia primária.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Coagulación Sanguínea , Resistencia a los Herbicidas , Herbicidas/efectos adversos , Agregación PlaquetariaRESUMEN
The object of this study was to analyze the hepatic effects of the herbicide Glyphosate-Biocarb (as commercialized in Brazil) in Wistar rats. Animals were treated orally with water or 4.87, 48.7, or 487 mg/kg of glyphosate each 2 days, during 75 days. Sub-chronic treatment of animals starting from the lowest dose of glyphosate induced the leakage of hepatic intracellular enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), suggesting irreversible damage in hepatocytes. We observed the increase of Kupffer cells in hepatic sinusoid of glyphosate-treated animals. This was followed by large deposition of reticulin fibers, composed mainly of collagen type III. We may conclude that Glyphosate-Biocarb may induce hepatic histological changes as well as AST and ALT leaking from liver to serum in experimental models.
Asunto(s)
Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Biopsia , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , GlifosatoRESUMEN
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o somatório das dobras cutâneas do tríceps, subescapular, supra-ilíaca, abdominal, panturrilha medial e os níveis de triglicerídios, colesterol total e frações, em dois grupos. Um grupo composto de 24 mulheres praticantes de exercícios com idade média de 59 anos, o outro grupo composto de 16 mulheres sedentárias com idade média de 60 anos. O grupo que praticou atividades realizou 3 sessões semanais com duração em torno de 1h durante 8 meses. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a medida dos triglicerídios, colesterol total e frações. A coleta foi realizada com os indivíduos sentados, após um repouso de 30 minutos nesta posição. As dosagens de colesterol total, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídios foram realizadas em equipamento automatizado marca Ciba-Corning, modelo Express Plus, com reagentes marca Labtest, sendo o mesmo lote para todas as dosagens. Para medida das dobras cutâneas utilizou-se o plicômetro de Lange. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o cálculo das médias e desvio padrão e a análise de variância (ANOVA) entre as diferenças do pré e pós-teste nos grupos controle e experimental. Houve pequena melhora em todas as variáveis analisadas. Significativo estatisticamente, apenas a redução no somatório de dobras cutâneas. Provavelmente a intensidade dos exercícios físicos não foi suficiente para promover modificações significativas no perfil lipídico. Outras variáveis podem ter interferido, como modificações nos hábitos alimentares, problemas emocionais entre outros.