RESUMEN
The utero-ovarian veins and lymph vessels are intimately connected with the ovarian artery in the human female and in domestic animals, with the exception of the horse and the human female. A direct, local exchange of molecules from veins and lymph vessels to arteries (counter current transfer) has been documented for this anatomic structure. Countercurrent transfer of certain inert gases (133xenon, 85krypton), of prostaglandins (PGF2 alpha), of steroid hormones (e.g. progesterone, estradiol, testosterone), and of small peptide hormones (oxytocin, relaxin) has been shown to occur in laboratory and domestic animals as well as in the human female. The transfer of the inert gases takes place within seconds. The transfer of steroid hormones and peptides is detectable within minutes while the transfer of PGF2 alpha is delayed for 20 minutes. Red blood cells or albumin are not transferred. The existence of the local transfer is postulated to be of importance for: 1) the pregnancy/non-pregnancy signal from the uterus and tube to the ovary. The signal may be a combination of a luteotrophic signal from the embryo and lack of a "non-pregnant" luteolytic signal from the endometrium, the latter probably being PGF2 alpha in some species; 2) the unilateral influence of the ovarian hormones on the function of the ovarian, tubal, and possibly uterine tissues. An active corpus luteum may create in a mono-ovulatory animal a higher progesterone level in arterial blood supplying the ipsilateral tube and ovarian interstitial tissue than on equivalent contralateral organs.
Asunto(s)
Anexos Uterinos/irrigación sanguínea , Dinoprost/farmacocinética , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/farmacocinética , Gases Nobles/farmacocinética , Ovario/irrigación sanguínea , Oxitocina/farmacocinética , Relaxina/farmacocinética , Anexos Uterinos/fisiología , Animales , Transporte Biológico/fisiología , Distribución en Contracorriente , Femenino , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Ovario/fisiología , Tirosina/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM) is employed to detect and approximate the levels of (13C)progesterone is small blood samples obtained at intervals from ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian arteries and a peripheral vein before, during and after infusion into the utero-ovarian vein (five women during hysterectomy). The internal standard was 16 alpha-methylprogesterone. The method is rapid and allows the time course of the infused hormone to be plotted in spite of large and rapidly fluctuating concentrations of endogenous progesterone. The results show for the first time the local in vivo transfer of a steroid hormone from the uterine vein to the adjacent ovary in humans.
Asunto(s)
Ovario/irrigación sanguínea , Progesterona/sangre , Adulto , Arterias , Isótopos de Carbono , Femenino , Ionización de Llama/métodos , Fase Folicular , Lateralidad Funcional , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Humanos , Fase Luteínica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , VenasRESUMEN
The human ovarian arteries and their anatomical relation to the utero-ovarian venous plexus were studied in surgical specimens using roentgen angiography and corrosion casts. The arteries were in close contact with the veins, had a tortuous shape and sometimes a helical folding of inner layers of the wall. The results obtained are similar to the findings in a number of animal species and may represent the morphological basis for a counter-current exchange mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Arterias/anatomía & histología , Ovario/irrigación sanguínea , Venas/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Angiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The utero-ovarian vein and ovarian artery in surgical specimens were cannulated and perfused in a countercurrent manner with isotonic, buffered solutions, fortified on the venous side with progesterone or radiolabelled methylantipyrine. Both substances were gradually transferred from the vein into the artery in the majority of the experiments while albumin was not exchanged. The results point to the existence of a countercurrent exchange mechanism in the human ovarian pedicle. Hardly detectable amounts of methylantipyrine were transferred from femoral vein to artery in the cat.
Asunto(s)
Antipirina/sangre , Ovario/irrigación sanguínea , Progesterona/sangre , Útero/irrigación sanguínea , Animales , Gatos , Distribución en Contracorriente , Femenino , Arteria Femoral , Vena Femoral , Humanos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A miniature Geiger-Müller probe was inserted into one ovary of 8 women undergoing hysterectomy. A control probe was inserted into the other ovary of 2 of the women. Krypton-85 in 0.15 M-NaCl was infused into the adjacent utero-ovarian vein and the radioactivity was registered for 5--14 min after the infusion. An increase of radioactivity was recorded in the ovary in 5 cases. In one of the women with 2 probes, no increase in radioactivity was observed in the control ovary. The results show a local transfer of gas from the ovarian branch of the uterine vein into the adjacent ovary, which may be due to a countercurrent exchange mechanism between the vessels of the human uterine adnexa.
Asunto(s)
Ovario/irrigación sanguínea , Útero/irrigación sanguínea , Adulto , Arterias/fisiología , Difusión , Femenino , Humanos , Criptón/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ovario/metabolismo , Radioisótopos , Radiometría/métodos , Venas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A counter current mechanism for exchange of prostaglandins between veins and arteries in the ovarian pedicle has earlier been demonstrated in the sheep. The existance of a corresponding vascular arrangement in the human ovarian pedicle has been doubted predominantly on basis of functional data which do not support a role of prostaglandins for human luteolysis. However, the present study demonstrates norphological evidence for a similar vascular anatomy in the human as in the sheep. In 43 human adnexa studied, tortuous arteries in close contact with veins were consistently found. Microscopical sections revealed thinning of the vein walls at contact areas. The possible functional significance of this finding is discussed.
PIP: 43 human adnexa were observed to demonstrate that the vascular anatomy of the human female is very similar to that of the sheep, in which the ovarian artery situated in close contact with the uterine vein, allows a direct passage of prostaglandins from the veins into the artery. A thorough study of the vascular anatomy of the samples observed showed that in the human ovary the arteries run along and in close contact with the adjecent veins, and that there is a close anatomical relationship between arterial and venous vessels. These data suggest that a counter current mechanism for exchange of prostaglandins may exist in the human, but whether or not this system has any physiological significance is as yet not known.