RESUMEN
In this work, a comprehensive investigation on the occurrence of pesticides in the Paraná 3 hydrographic basin of Paraná State, Brazil, was made by application of wide-scope screening based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) both coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS). The use of two complementary techniques, such as GC-QTOF MS and LC-QTOF MS, allowed screening a large number of compounds with different polarity and volatility. This screening approach was applied to 17 samples, enabling the detection of fifty-two pesticides and six metabolites. In a second step, an specific research was made on the herbicide atrazine, one of the most frequent compounds in samples, and its major transformation products (TPs), which were quantitatively analyzed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by GC-MS measurement. Twenty-one agricultural streams from the Paraná 3 hydrographic basin were sampled twice in 2017, each time along six successive weeks. Additional samples were also collected after rain events exceeding 10â¯mm. In total, 407 samples were quantitatively analyzed by DLLME/GC-MS. Atrazine concentrations did not exceed the maximum permitted concentration of 2⯵gâ¯L-1 according to Brazilian legislation, and only one surface water sample, collected after precipitation events, was slightly above this value (2.89⯵gâ¯L-1). The maximum concentrations for the TPs desethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine were 0.80 and 1.22⯵gâ¯L-1, respectively. Based on the quantification results, a map was produced showing the occurrence of atrazine and its TPs in the area under study. This is the first time that the presence of agrochemicals is evaluated in the Paraná 3 hydrographic basin.
RESUMEN
Goal of this manuscript is to investigate whether changes that exist in epileptic brain generating spontaneous seizures are reflected in the pattern of the UP-Down state (UDS) recorded from the neocortex and dentate gyrus. Experiments were carried out on naive and epileptic mice under urethane anesthesia. Local field potentials were recorded with chronically implanted microelectrodes and single unit activity was recorded with glass microelectrodes. Recorded neurons were labeled by neurobiotin and identified later as granular cells or interneurons in histological sections. The following major features differentiate the pattern of UDS in epilepsy from normal. (1) The duration of UP and Down phases is significantly longer. (2) Recovery of network excitability after termination of the UP phase is longer. (3) UP-spikes occur during the UP phase, which transiently interrupt the development of the normal electrographic pattern of UP phase. Our data provide evidence that UP-spikes result from gigantic EPSPs generated in response to afferent activity. UP-spikes in the neocortex and dentate gyrus occur in close temporal relationship indicating the existence of direct or indirect pathological functional connections between these areas. Changes in the duration of UP and Down phases as well increased time of recovery of excitability of epileptic brain after termination of UP phase suggest alterations in the homeostatic properties of neuronal network in epileptic brain. We suggest that the existence of UP-spikes in epileptic brain may be an additional electrographic pattern indicating epileptogenicity. Unraveling the neuronal substrates of UP-spikes may further improve our understanding of the mechanisms of epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Ondas Encefálicas/fisiología , Giro Dentado/fisiopatología , Epilepsia/patología , Neocórtex/fisiopatología , Potenciales de Acción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Biofisica , Ondas Encefálicas/efectos de los fármacos , Giro Dentado/efectos de los fármacos , Giro Dentado/patología , Estimulación Eléctrica , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia/inducido químicamente , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Potenciales Postsinápticos Excitadores/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales Postsinápticos Excitadores/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microelectrodos , Agonistas Muscarínicos/toxicidad , Neocórtex/efectos de los fármacos , Neocórtex/patología , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/fisiología , Pilocarpina/toxicidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Lipoma is one of the most common benign mesenchymal tumors. Its ability to trigger an angiogenic response is a critical step for its growth. Because adipose tissue serves as an important conduit for the vasculature, it is conceivable that the angiogenic properties of this tissue may modulate the growth of the vasculature in a paracrine manner. We investigated in vivo the angiogenic potential of bioptic fragments of human lipoma by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a useful model for such an investigation. The angiogenic response in pathological and control implants was assessed on histologic sections by a morphometric method, 96 h after grafting. Results showed that pathological samples were surrounded by numerous allantoic vessels with a radially arranged pattern around the implant. The vascular counts in the CAMs treated with lipoma implants were comparable to that of FGF-2. The role played in vasoproliferative response by angiogenic cytokines (FGF-2, VEGF) released by adipocytes, by endogenous cytokines, such as FGF-2, stored in the CAM extracellular matrix and by angiogenic growth factors released by perivascular mononuclear cells around the newly-formed blood vessels, were supported by this study.
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Alantoides/irrigación sanguínea , Corion/irrigación sanguínea , Lipoma/irrigación sanguínea , Neovascularización Patológica/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Preescolar , Femenino , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Humanos , Lipoma/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
A series of hydrogenated isoindolone derivatives structurally related to cytochalasin B has been synthesized and their ability to induce binucleation in the human lymphocytes were tested. All compounds were found able to inhibit cell cytokinesis at different extent in the range (3.12-25 mumol/l) respect to the negative control; however the highest percentage of binucleated cells is induced by Cyt B.
Asunto(s)
Indoles/síntesis química , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocalasina B/farmacología , Humanos , Indoles/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , MasculinoRESUMEN
Fourteen hydrogenated isoindolone derivatives with affinity to cytochalasin B were synthesized and tested for the induction of binucleation in the human lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) assay. The experimental procedure was the one commonly used for the human lymphocyte MN assay. Compounds like cyt-B were added to cultures at 44 h and tested at increasing concentrations, up to 200 mumol/l, in the range commonly used for cyt-B in the MN assay (3 micrograms/ml = 6.25 mumol/l). Induction of cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells was found for all compounds but, at the same molarity, cyt-B induced a higher percentage of binucleation. Only one of the compounds tested was found to induce micronuclei significantly: MN were induced across the dose range of 25-100 mumol/l.
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Citocalasina B/farmacología , Indoles/farmacología , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de MicronúcleosRESUMEN
A reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method which allows the determination in human urine of two important metabolites of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), namely N-methylformamide (MMF) and N-methyl-N-(hydroxymethyl)formamide (DMFOH), is reported. A single-step rapid purification of urine was performed on a C18 solid-phase extraction column and the eluate was injected directly on to the HPLC column. HPLC was carried out isocratically on Aminex Ion Exclusion HPX-87H column using 7.5.10(-4) M sulphuric acid as the mobile phase with ultraviolet detection at 196 nm. The method is specific, accurate, precise and sufficiently sensitive to be applied to the biological monitoring of MMF and DMFOH in workers exposed to DMF.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Dimetilformamida/análogos & derivados , Formamidas/análisis , Dimetilformamida/análisis , Humanos , Exposición Profesional , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
Chondrosarcomas arising from soft tissues are rare. Two different varieties are described, myxoid and mesenchymal. We have collected nine cases of the tumour, five myxoid and four mesenchymal, from a review of 513 cases of chondrosarcoma seen between 1904 and 1988. We report the principal clinical, radiographical and histological differences between the two varieties and discuss their surgical treatment and prognosis.
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Condrosarcoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Condrosarcoma/patología , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patología , Adulto , Condrosarcoma/secundario , Condrosarcoma/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/cirugíaAsunto(s)
Prevención de Accidentes , Educación en Salud/métodos , Seguridad , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Italia , Enseñanza/métodosAsunto(s)
Prevención de Accidentes , Educación en Salud , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , LactanteRESUMEN
The Authors have studied AST and ALT enzymatic activities in the workers of two firms, the former of which (tannery) with a high and the latter (boot and shoe factory) with a low level of hepatic-toxic risk. The influence of various trouble factors such as age, sex and seniority was eliminated through appropriate statistical techniques. A significant difference was evidenced between AST and ALT levels in two firms, chiefly attributable to the quantity and quality of the substances utilized in the two technological cycles: trichloroethylene, chromium, sulphuric acid, mineral oils, ammonia, N-hexane, pentanes acetone, ciclo hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride.