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Lipidomics studies have indicated an association between obesity and lipid metabolism dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate and compare cardiometabolic risk factors, and the lipidomic profile in adults and older people. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 72 individuals, divided into two sex and age-matched groups: obese (body mass index-BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; n = 36) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2; n = 36). The lipidomic profiles were evaluated in plasma using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Obese individuals had higher waist circumference (p < 0.001), visceral adiposity index (p = 0.029), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.010), and triacylglycerols (TAG) levels (p = 0.018). 1H-NMR analysis identified higher amounts of saturated lipid metabolite fragments, lower levels of unsaturated lipids, and some phosphatidylcholine species in the obese group. Two powerful machine learning (ML) models-k-nearest neighbors (kNN) and XGBoost (XGB) were employed to characterize the lipidomic profile of obese individuals. The results revealed metabolic alterations associated with obesity in the NMR signals. The models achieved high accuracy of 86% and 81%, respectively. The feature importance analysis identified signal at 1.50-1.60 ppm (-CO-CH2-CH2-, Cholesterol and fatty acid in TAG, Phospholipids) to have the highest importance in the two models.

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Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are the major components of biological membranes in animals and are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) are a class of lipid biomolecules derived from the cleavage of PCs, and are the main components of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Since obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, one can anticipate that the lipidomic profile changes in this context and both PCs and LPCs are gaining attention as hypothetically reliable biomarkers of obesity. Thus, a literature search is performed on PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS), and Excerpta Medica DataBASE (Embase) to obtain the findings of population studies to clarify this hypothesis. The search strategy resulted in a total of 2403 reports and 21 studies were included according to the eligibility criteria. Controversial data on the associations of PCs and LPCs with body mass index (BMI) and body fat parameters have been identified. There is an inverse relationship between BMI and most species of PCs, and a majority of studies exhibited negative associations between BMI and LPCs. Other findings regarding the differences between PCs and LPCs in obesity are presented, and the associated uncertainties are discussed in detail.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concordância entre três ferramentas de triagem nutricional validadas para pediatria entre si e a correlação com os parâmetros antropométricos de pacientes hospitalizados com síndrome nefrótica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos internados na enfermaria pediátrica de um hospital universitário, com diagnóstico de síndrome nefrótica. Foram aplicados três instrumentos de triagens nutricionais: triagem de risco para estado nutricional e crescimento (STRONGkids), pontuação pediátrica de desnutrição de Yorkhill (PYMS) e ferramenta de rastreio para a avaliação da desnutrição em pediatria (STAMP). Foram coletados dados de peso, altura e perímetro do braço. A estimativa de concordância relativa entre os instrumentos foi analisada com o teste de Kappa ponderado e as correlações com os parâmetros antropométricos foram avaliadas com o teste de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 11 pacientes, com idade mínima de 2 anos e máxima de 10 anos. As ferramentas de triagem detectaram prevalência de risco nutricional moderado e elevado. Foi observada concordância moderada (k=0,47) entre a PYMS e a STAMP e não houve correlação entre as triagens e os dados antropométricos. Com relação aos parâmetros antropométricos, 100% dos participantes tinham peso adequado para idade, 63,6% dos participantes foram diagnosticados com eutrofia pelo indicador IMC/idade e 81,8% tinham estatura adequada para idade de acordo com o indicador estatura/idade. Após a análise do perímetro do braço, 27,3% estavam em risco de desnutrição. CONCLUSÕES: A despeito de não haver recomendações para uso de triagens nutricionais pediátricas específicas para cada situação clínica, duas das três triagens analisadas neste estudo apresentaram moderada concordância entre elas. Contudo, as triagens testadas não refletiram o estado nutricional antropométrico da população avaliada.

AIMS: To evaluate the concordance between three validated nutritional screening tools for pediatrics among themselves and the correlation with the anthropometric parameters of patients hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents of both sexes hospitalized in the pediatric ward of a university hospital and diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Three nutritional screening instruments were applied: Screening of Risk for Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP). Data on weight, height and upper arm perimeter was collected, and three nutritional screening tools were applied: The estimate of relative agreement between the instruments was evaluated with the weighted Kappa test and the correlations with anthropometric parameters were assessed with the Spearman's Correlation Test. RESULTS: We evaluated 11 patients, with a minimum age of 2 years and a maximum of 10 years. Screening tools detected prevalence of medium and high nutritional risk. Moderate agreement (k=0.47) was observed between PYMS and STAMP and there was no correlation between the screening tools' result and the anthropometric data. Regarding the anthropometric parameters, 100% of the participants had adequate weight for age, 63.6% of the participants were diagnosed with normal weight by the BMI/Age index and 81.8% had adequate height for age according to the index Height/Age. After analysis of the upper arm perimeter, 27.3% were at risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that are no recommendations for use of pediatric nutritional screening tools specific to each clinical situation, two of the three screening tools analyzed in this study demonstrated moderate agreement between them. However, the tested tools did not reflect the anthropometric nutritional status of the evaluated population.

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O alfa- e o gama-tocoferol estão entre os homólogos da vitamina E, que possui importante papel como antioxidante. As fontes dietéticas mais ricas em vitamina E são os óleos vegetais. Este trabalho avaliou os níveis de alfa- e gama-tocoferol nos óleos de canola, girassol, milho e soja, e averiguou sua variação com o tempo de armazenamento. Os óleos vegetais foram adquiridos nos supermercados da cidade de Natal/RN, e mantidos sob temperatura ambiente e ao abrigo da luz. As análises foram realizadas em diferentes momentos durante o armazenamento (tempo 0 e após 30, 60 e 90 dias). Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) foi usada para determinar as concentrações dos analitos. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de variância (ANOVA) e as diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas quando p < 0,05. Ao final do tempo de armazenamento (90 dias) foi verificada diminuição significativa nos níveis de alfa- e gama-tocoferolde 38,7 % e 36,0 %, no óleo de canola; 42,2 % e 22,2 %, no óleo de soja; 28,3 % e 29,2 %, no óleo de girassol;39,0 % e 17,9 %, no óleo de milho, respectivamente. As concentrações de alfa- e gama-tocoferol nos óleos vegetais reduziram significativamente após armazenamento, sob as condições empregadas no estudo.

The alpha- and gamma-tocopherol are among the homologues of vitamin E which plays a key role as anantioxidant. The richest dietary sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils. This study aimed at evaluating thealpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents in oils from canola, sunflower, corn and soybeans, and to verify their variations after storage time. The vegetable oils were purchased at supermarkets in Natal / RN, and they were keptat room temperature and protected from light. The tests was made at different times during storage (time 0 and after 30, 60 and 90 days). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determinetheir concentrations. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and thedifferences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. By the end of the storage time (90 days), thealpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents showed a significant decrease of 38.7 % and 36.0 % for canola oil; 42.2 %and 22.2 % in soybean oil; 28.3 % and 29.2 % in sunflower oil; 39.0 % and 17.9 % in corn oil, respectively.The concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in vegetable oils significantly decreased after the storageperiod under the conditions used in this study.

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The alpha- and gamma-tocopherol are among the homologues of vitamin E which plays a key role as an antioxidant. The richest dietary sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils. This study aimed at evaluating the alpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents in oils from canola, sunflower, corn and soybeans, and to verify their variations after storage time. The vegetable oils were purchased at supermarkets in Natal / RN, and they were kept at room temperature and protected from light. The tests was made at different times during storage (time 0 and after 30, 60 and 90 days). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine their concentrations. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test; and the differences were considered statistically significant when p 0.05. By the end of the storage time (90 days), the alpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents showed a significant decrease of 38.7 % and 36.0 % for canola oil; 42.2 % and 22.2 % in soybean oil; 28.3 % and 29.2 % in sunflower oil; 39.0 % and 17.9 % in corn oil, respectively. The concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in vegetable oils significantly decreased after the storage period under the conditions used in this study.(AU)

O alfa- e o gama-tocoferol estão entre os homólogos da vitamina E, que possui importante papel como antioxidante. As fontes dietéticas mais ricas em vitamina E são os óleos vegetais. Este trabalho avaliou os níveis de alfa- e gama-tocoferol nos óleos de canola, girassol, milho e soja, e averiguou sua variação com o tempo de armazenamento. Os óleos vegetais foram adquiridas nos supermercados da cidade de Natal/RN, e mantidos sob temperatura ambiente e ao abrigo da luz. As análises foram realizadas em diferentes momentos durante o armazenamento (tempo 0 e após 30, 60 e 90 dias). Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) foi usada para determinar as concentrações dos analitos. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de variância (ANOVA); as diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas quando p 0,05. Ao final do tempo de armazenamento (90 dias) foi verificada diminuição significativa nos níveis de alfa- e gama-tocoferol de 38,7 % e 36,0 %, no óleo de canola; 42,2 % e 22,2 %, no óleo de soja; 28,3 % e 29,2 %, no óleo de girassol; 39,0 % e 17,9 %, no óleo de milho, respectivamente. As concentrações de alfa- e gama-tocoferol nos óleos vegetais reduziram significativamente após armazenamento, sob as condições empregadas no estudo.(AU)

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