RESUMEN
This article analyzes the continuity of the historical series of indicators pertinent to the health supplements of the National Household Surveys (PNADs) of 1998, 2003, and 2008, and of the National Health Survey (PNS 2013). Indicators about health needs, access and use of health services, and their sources of payment were calculated using questions that sought to obtain this information from different surveys. In spite of improvements in the access and use of health services in all regions, we noted important regional differences in all the analyzed dimensions when data from the North and Northeast regions were taken into consideration regarding the following: lower evaluation of health condition, greater restriction of activities, and a reduced use of health services, in spite of greater coverage by public programs. The changes in the source of payment for services carried out in the final two weeks demonstrate that the Brazilian population is using more services by way of the Unified Health System, the SUS, as well as more care by health plan and making less out of pocket payments. It is important to observe that participation in the SUS increased in the more wealthy regions, and that the increase in attendance by health plan occurred in a significant way only in the Center West Region.
Asunto(s)
Gastos en Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Brasil , Servicios de Salud , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Resumo Este artigo analisa a continuidade da série histórica dos indicadores provenientes dos suplementos de saúde das PNAD 1998, 2003 e 2008 e da Pesquisa Nacional em Saúde (PNS 2013). Indicadores sobre necessidades de saúde, acesso e uso de serviços de saúde e suas fontes de pagamento foram calculados a partir das questões que procuraram obter a mesma informação nos diferentes inquéritos. Apesar da melhoria no acesso e uso de serviços de saúde em todas as regiões, notam-se diferenças importantes em todas as dimensões analisadas quando se observam dados do Norte e Nordeste em relação às demais: pior avaliação do estado de saúde, maior restrição de atividades, e menor uso de serviços de saúde, apesar da maior cobertura pelos programas públicos. A evolução na fonte de pagamento dos atendimentos realizados nas últimas duas semanas demonstra que a população brasileira está utilizando mais serviços através do SUS, assim como mais atenção por plano de saúde e realizando menor pagamento do bolso. É importante observar que a participação do SUS aumentou nas regiões mais ricas e que os aumentos via plano de saúde cresceram de maneira importante apenas no Centro-Oeste.
Abstract This article analyzes the continuity of the historical series of indicators pertinent to the health supplements of the National Household Surveys (PNADs) of 1998, 2003, and 2008, and of the National Health Survey (PNS 2013). Indicators about health needs, access and use of health services, and their sources of payment were calculated using questions that sought to obtain this information from different surveys. In spite of improvements in the access and use of health services in all regions, we noted important regional differences in all the analyzed dimensions when data from the North and Northeast regions were taken into consideration regarding the following: lower evaluation of health condition, greater restriction of activities, and a reduced use of health services, in spite of greater coverage by public programs. The changes in the source of payment for services carried out in the final two weeks demonstrate that the Brazilian population is using more services by way of the Unified Health System, the SUS, as well as more care by health plan and making less out of pocket payments. It is important to observe that participation in the SUS increased in the more wealthy regions, and that the increase in attendance by health plan occurred in a significant way only in the Center West Region.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Gastos en Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Brasil , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Servicios de Salud , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de SaludRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment adherence among perinatally-infected pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients followed in pediatric centers in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study. Medical records were reviewed and adherence scale, assessment of caregivers' quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), anxiety, depression, and alcohol/substances use/abuse were assessed. Outcomes included self-reported 100% adherence in the last three days and HIV viral load (VL) < 50 copies/mL. Statistical analyses included contingency tables and respective statistics, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: 260 subjects were enrolled: 78% children and 22% adolescents; 93% of caregivers for the children and 77% of adolescents reported 100% adherence; 57% of children and 49% of adolescents had VL < 50 copies/mL. In the univariate analyses, HIV diagnosis for screening due to maternal infection, lower caregiver scores for anxiety, and higher scores in physical and psychological domains of WHOQOL-BREF were associated with 100% adherence. Shorter intervals between pharmacy visits were associated with VL < 50 copies/mL (p ≤ 0.01). Multivariable regression demonstrated that caregivers who did not abuse alcohol/other drugs (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.89) and median interval between pharmacy visits < 33 days (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.98) were independently associated with VL < 50 copies/mL; whereas lower caregiver scores for anxiety (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.27-5.19) and children's HIV diagnosis for screening due to maternal infection (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.12-4.50) were found to be independently associated with 100% adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric HIV programs should perform routine assessment of caregivers' quality of life, and anxiety and depression symptoms. In this setting, pharmacy records are essential to help identify less-than-optimal adherence. .
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral entre portadores de HIV acompanhados em centros pediátricos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal multicêntrico. Os prontuários ambulatoriais foram revistos e aplicadas escala de adesão, avaliação de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF), ansiedade, depressão e uso indevido de álcool/substâncias entre cuidadores. Os desfechos incluíram autorrelato 100% de adesão nos últimos três dias e carga viral do HIV (CV) < 50 cópias/mL. RESULTADOS: 260 indivíduos foram incluídos, 79% crianças e 21% adolescentes; 93% das crianças e 77% dos adolescentes relataram 100% de adesão; 57% das crianças e 49% dos adolescentes tinham CV < 50 cópias /mL. Na análise univariada, diagnóstico do HIV por triagem devido à infecção materna, cuidador com pontuação menor para ansiedade e maior nos domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-BREF se mostraram independentemente associados a 100% de adesão. Intervalos mais curtos entre visitas de farmácia foram associados com CV < 50 cópias /mL (p ≤ 0,01). Regressão multivariada mostrou que os cuidadores sem abuso de álcool/outras drogas (OR = 0,49; IC95% 0,27-0,89) e o intervalo médio entre visitas de farmácia < 33 dias (OR = 0,97; IC95% 0,95-0,98) foram associados com CV < 50 cópias/mL; cuidador com menores escores para ansiedade (OR = 2,57; IC95% 1,27-5,19) e diagnóstico de crianças por triagem devido à infecção materna (OR = 2,25; IC95% 1,12-4,50) foram associados com 100% de adesão. CONCLUSÕES: Programas de HIV pediátrico devem avaliar qualidade de vida e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão dos cuidadores. Registros de farmácia são essenciais na identificação de adesão ...
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/métodos , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Cuidadores/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Farmacias , Calidad de Vida , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento , Carga Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment adherence among perinatally-infected pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients followed in pediatric centers in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study. Medical records were reviewed and adherence scale, assessment of caregivers' quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), anxiety, depression, and alcohol/substances use/abuse were assessed. Outcomes included self-reported 100% adherence in the last three days and HIV viral load (VL)<50 copies/mL. Statistical analyses included contingency tables and respective statistics, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: 260 subjects were enrolled: 78% children and 22% adolescents; 93% of caregivers for the children and 77% of adolescents reported 100% adherence; 57% of children and 49% of adolescents had VL<50 copies/mL. In the univariate analyses, HIV diagnosis for screening due to maternal infection, lower caregiver scores for anxiety, and higher scores in physical and psychological domains of WHOQOL-BREF were associated with 100% adherence. Shorter intervals between pharmacy visits were associated with VL<50 copies/mL (p ≤ 0.01). Multivariable regression demonstrated that caregivers who did not abuse alcohol/other drugs (OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.89) and median interval between pharmacy visits<33 days (OR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.98) were independently associated with VL<50 copies/mL; whereas lower caregiver scores for anxiety (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.27-5.19) and children's HIV diagnosis for screening due to maternal infection (OR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.12-4.50) were found to be independently associated with 100% adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric HIV programs should perform routine assessment of caregivers' quality of life, and anxiety and depression symptoms. In this setting, pharmacy records are essential to help identify less-than-optimal adherence.