RESUMEN
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global major concern. In this review, we addressed a theoretical model on immunopathogenesis associated with severe COVID-19, based on the current literature of SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemic pathogenic coronaviruses, such as SARS and MERS. Several studies have suggested that immune dysregulation and hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 are more involved in disease severity than the virus itself.Immune dysregulation due to COVID-19 is characterized by delayed and impaired interferon response, lymphocyte exhaustion and cytokine storm that ultimately lead to diffuse lung tissue damage and posterior thrombotic phenomena.Considering there is a lack of clinical evidence provided by randomized clinical trials, the knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis and immune response is a cornerstone to develop rationale-based clinical therapeutic strategies. In this narrative review, the authors aimed to describe the immunopathogenesis of severe forms of COVID-19.
Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/inmunología , Neumonía Viral/inmunología , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos , Betacoronavirus/patogenicidad , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/etiología , COVID-19 , Comorbilidad , Infecciones por Coronavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Inflamación/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Linfopenia/inmunología , Ratones , Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio de Oriente Medio/inmunología , Pandemias , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/fisiología , Neumonía Viral/sangre , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave/inmunología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , Internalización del VirusRESUMEN
Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global major concern. In this review, we addressed a theoretical model on immunopathogenesis associated with severe COVID-19, based on the current literature of SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemic pathogenic coronaviruses, such as SARS and MERS. Several studies have suggested that immune dysregulation and hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 are more involved in disease severity than the virus itself. Immune dysregulation due to COVID-19 is characterized by delayed and impaired interferon response, lymphocyte exhaustion and cytokine storm that ultimately lead to diffuse lung tissue damage and posterior thrombotic phenomena. Considering there is a lack of clinical evidence provided by randomized clinical trials, the knowledge about SARS- CoV-2 disease pathogenesis and immune response is a cornerstone to develop rationale-based clinical therapeutic strategies. In this narrative review, the authors aimed to describe the immunopathogenesis of severe forms of COVID-19.(AU)