RESUMEN
Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Physical activity (PA) and appropriate diet, if adopted in childhood and adolescence, may reduce the CVD burden in later life. The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium (OEG) project was implemented to increase the PA levels of students by means of regular physical exercise and healthy eating habits. Objectives: To estimate and compare the prevalence of CVD risk factors in OEG schools versus regular schools (RSch) and to examine associations between the school environment and CVD risk factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study with a comparator group, adolescents aged 12-13 years attending three OEG schools (n = 719) and three RSch (n = 394) were evaluated after one year of the ongoing program to estimate the prevalence of overweight, pre-hypertension/hypertension, altered glycemia, and lipid profile. An α level of 0.05 was set for statistical analysis. Results: RSch students had higher odds to have high blood pressure (OR 1.86, 1.36-2.54) and to be overweight (OR 1.49, 1.13-1.98) than OEG students. Glucose levels were not altered in most cases regardless of school type, and no differences were found in lipid profile. In the sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, girls from RSch were more likely to have high body mass index than boys. Conclusions: Exposure of adolescents to the OEG policies was positively associated with an important reduction in CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and overweight.
Resumo Fundamento: A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo. A atividade física (AF) e uma dieta adequada, quando adotadas na infância e na adolescência, podem reduzir a carga da DCV na fase adulta. O projeto "Ginásio Experimental Olímpico (GEO)" foi implementado para aumentar os níveis de AF dos estudantes por meio de AF regular e hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Objetivos: estimar e comparar a prevalência dos fatores de risco para DCV em GEOs versus escolas regulares (ERs), e avaliar associações entre o meio escolar e os fatores de risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal que incluiu um grupo de comparação, estudantes com idade entre 12 e 13 anos de três GEOs (n = 719) e três ERs (n = 394) foram avaliados após um ano de participação no programa para estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso, pré-hipertensão/hipertensão, e de glicemia e perfil lipídico alterados. Um α de 0,05 foi usado para inferências estatísticas. Resultados: Estudantes de ERs apresentaram maior chance de serem hipertensos (OR 1,86; 1,36-2,54) e apresentarem sobrepeso (OR 1,49; 1,13-1,98) que estudantes de GEOs. A glicemia não estava alterada na maioria dos casos, independentemente do tipo da escola, e não houve diferenças quanto ao perfil lipídico. Na análise de sensibilidade estratificada por gênero, estudantes do sexo feminino das ERs apresentaram maior probabilidade de apresentarem índice de massa corporal elevado que os do sexo masculino. Conclusão: A exposição dos adolescentes às políticas adotadas pelos GEOs associou-se positivamente com uma importante redução nos fatores de risco para DCV, incluindo hipertensão e sobrepeso.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Deportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Estilo de Vida SaludableRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Physical activity (PA) and appropriate diet, if adopted in childhood and adolescence, may reduce the CVD burden in later life. The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium (OEG) project was implemented to increase the PA levels of students by means of regular physical exercise and healthy eating habits. OBJECTIVES: To estimate and compare the prevalence of CVD risk factors in OEG schools versus regular schools (RSch) and to examine associations between the school environment and CVD risk factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study with a comparator group, adolescents aged 12-13 years attending three OEG schools (n = 719) and three RSch (n = 394) were evaluated after one year of the ongoing program to estimate the prevalence of overweight, pre-hypertension/hypertension, altered glycemia, and lipid profile. An α level of 0.05 was set for statistical analysis. RESULTS: RSch students had higher odds to have high blood pressure (OR 1.86, 1.36-2.54) and to be overweight (OR 1.49, 1.13-1.98) than OEG students. Glucose levels were not altered in most cases regardless of school type, and no differences were found in lipid profile. In the sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, girls from RSch were more likely to have high body mass index than boys. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of adolescents to the OEG policies was positively associated with an important reduction in CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and overweight.