RESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Adolescent pregnancy contributes to accelerated trajectories of adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases. Two potentially low-cost prevention strategies include promoting physical activity (PA) and limiting television (TV) viewing. Few studies have explored these behavior patterns in perinatal adolescents. This study sought to characterize PA and TV viewing in a socioeconomically disadvantaged perinatal adolescent population. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: A cross-sectional, retrospective, 10-item survey was used to explore behavior patterns in 79 predominantly Black (86%) postpartum adolescents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included self-reported changes in PA from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, and 7-day recall of PA and TV viewing in postpartum. RESULTS: The majority of adolescents (66%) reported being active on ≥3 days/week in pre-pregnancy; however, many reported low PA (≤2 days/wk) in their first (59%), second (66%), and third (54%) trimesters. Adolescents who reported being active on ≥5 days/wk in pre-pregnancy (19%) experienced first trimester PA decline, which subsequently plateaued. This group remained the most active throughout pregnancy. In postpartum, over half (54%) of all adolescents reported low PA and irrespective of PA, spent considerable time watching TV (median = 1680.0 minutes, inerquartile range = 2940). CONCLUSION: Interventions promoting PA coupled with reducing TV viewing during pregnancy and in postpartum may benefit perinatal adolescents. The findings from this study suggest that PA history is a predictor of gestational PA, and low PA and high TV viewing in postpartum underscore the need for behavioral intervention. Conducting a brief assessment of PA history in early gestation may offer important insight.
Asunto(s)
Televisión , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Periodo Posparto , Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity prevalence is disproportionately high among Hispanic children. OBJECTIVES: The Healthy Families Study assessed the efficacy of a culturally targeted, family-based weight gain prevention intervention for Hispanic immigrant families with children ages 5-7 years. METHODS: The study used a two-group, cluster randomized trial design, assigning 136 families (clusters) to the active intervention (weight gain prevention) and 136 families to attention control (oral health). The active intervention included a 4-month intensive phase (eight classes) and an 8-month reinforcement phase (monthly mail/telephone contact). Children's body mass index z-score (BMI-Z) was the primary outcome. RESULTS: The BMI-Z growth rate of the active intervention group did not differ from the attention control group at short-term follow-up (median 6 months; 168 families, 206 children) or long-term follow-up (median 16 months; 142 families, 169 children). Dose response analyses indicated a slower increase in BMI-Z at short term among overweight/obese children who attended more intervention classes. Moderate physical activity on weekends increased at short term. Weekend screen time decreased at short term among those attending at least one class session. CONCLUSION: Low class attendance likely impacted intention-to-treat results. Future interventions targeting this population should test innovative strategies to maximize intervention engagement to produce and sustain effects on weight gain prevention.
Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Ejercicio Físico , Familia , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad Infantil/etnología , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Tennessee , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Paediatric obesity continues to be one of the most important health issues facing children and families today, and there remains a need for effective treatment options. There are a few reports in the literature demonstrating high rates of attrition from paediatric weight management programmes, ranging from 27% to 73%. While some studies show that racial/ethnic minorities, the economically disadvantaged and those with higher levels of obesity are at risk, other studies do not. There is some consistency in reasons given by families for attrition from treatment, most often scheduling issues and programmes not meeting family needs or expectations. This review highlights identified contributors to attrition from paediatric weight management and provides a framework to study this problem, based on models of adherence to paediatric medical regimens.
Asunto(s)
Obesidad/prevención & control , Pediatría , Rol del Médico , Pérdida de Peso , Niño , Humanos , Obesidad/terapia , Cooperación del Paciente , Pacientes Desistentes del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the level of nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption of high school students attending participating parochial schools in the New Orleans area. METHODS: The baseline data reported in this study, "Gimme 5: A Fresh Nutrition Concept for Students," represents one of the nine National Cancer Institute-funded projects from the national "5-A-Day for Better Health Program" initiated in 1991. A survey containing 22 nutrition-related items about fruit and vegetables was used to assess knowledge in 2213 students. RESULTS: On average, adolescents reported 39% correct knowledge scores. A significant ethnic effect (p < .001) was noted, with White adolescents scoring higher than African American adolescents. Significant ethnic differences in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption were also observed, with African-American adolescents reporting a lower mean consumption (2.17 servings) than white adolescents (2.69 servings). Consumption by Hispanic youth (2.48 servings) was similar to those in the "other" ethnic category (2.55 servings). Girls reported being more confident in their ability to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables per day than did boys (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the knowledge and consumption levels of adolescents with regard to fruits and vegetables were low, their attitudes toward learning about healthier eating practices were favorable.