RESUMEN

Objective: The aim of this review is to examine the biomechanical effect of the shoe drop on the kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal variables in running and walking.Method: The search engine and databases used were Mendeley, Pubmed, World Wide Science and Science Direct, between the dates of January 2010 to December 2020.Results: From the articles included in this review, the studied kinetic variables have the tendency to increase as drop decreases, while the studied kinematic outcomes show a decrease with lower drop. In a similar way, the cadence is usually less as drop increases while the stride length grows.Conclusions: This research work suggests that shoe drop has an important role on the modification of the human motion’s synergistic interactions. After this review, it should be noticed that further works should be carried out attending to only drops and to energetic variables linking the findings of each of them. (AU)

Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión es examinar el efecto biomecánico del drop del calzado deportivo sobre las variables cinemáticas, cinéticas y espacio-temporales al correr y caminar.Método: los motores de búsqueda y bases de datos fueron Mendeley, Pubmed, World Wide Science and Science Direct, entre las fechas de enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2020.Resultados: a partir de los artículos que se incluyen en esta revisión, las variables cinéticas estudiadas tienen tendencia a aumentar a medida que disminuye el drop, mientras que los resultados cinemáticos estudiados muestran una disminución con menor drop. De manera similar, la cadencia suele ser menor a medida que aumenta el drop mientras crece la longitud de la zancada.Conclusiones: este trabajo de investigación sugiere que el drop del calzado deportivo tiene un papel importante en la modificación de las interacciones sinérgicas del movimiento humano. Después de esta revisión, cabe señalar que se deben realizar más trabajos atendiendo únicamente al drop y a las variables energéticas que vinculen los hallazgos de cada una de ellas. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é examinar o efeito biomecânico da queda do calçado sobre as variáveis cinemáticas, cinéticas e espaço-temporais na corrida e caminhada.Método: Os motores de busca e bases de dados foram Mendeley, Pubmed, World Wide Science e Science Direct, entre as datas de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020.Resultados: Através dos artigos que incluem nesta revisão, as variáveis cinéticas estudadas tendem a aumentar à medida que a queda diminui, enquanto os resultados cinemáticos estudados mostram uma diminuição com queda menor. De maneira semelhante, a cadência é geralmente menor à medida que a queda aumenta e o comprimento da passada aumenta.Conclusões: Este trabalho de pesquisa sugere que a queda do sapato tem um papel importante na modificação das interações sinérgicas do movimento humano. Após essa revisão, deve-se notar que novos trabalhos devem ser realizados atendendo apenas às quedas e às variáveis energéticas que vinculam os achados de cada uma delas. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The presence of fatigue has been shown to modify running biomechanics. Overall in terms of gender, women are at lower risk than men for sustaining running-related injuries, although it depends on the factors taken into account. One possible reason for these differences in the injury rate and location might be the dissimilar running patterns between men and women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fatigue and gender on the kinematic and ground reaction forces (GRF) parameters in recreational runners. Fifty-seven participants (28 males and 29 females) had kinematic and GRF variables measured while running at speed of 3.3 m s-1 before and after a fatigue test protocol. The fatigue protocol included (1) a running Course-Navette test, (2) running up and down a flight of stairs for 5 min, and (3) performance of alternating jumps on a step (five sets of 1 minute each with 30 resting seconds between the sets). Fatigue decreased dorsiflexion (14.24 ± 4.98° in pre-fatigue and 12.65 ± 6.21° in fatigue condition, p < 0.05) at foot strike phase in females, and plantar flexion (-19.23 ± 4.12° in pre-fatigue and -18.26 ± 5.31° in fatigue condition, p < 0.05) at toe-off phase in males. These changes led to a decreased loading rate (88.14 ± 25.82 BW/s in pre-fatigue and 83.97 ± 18.83 BW/s in fatigue condition, p < 0.05) and the impact peak in females (1.95 ± 0.31 BW in pre-fatigue and 1.90 ± 0.31 BW in fatigue condition, p < 0.05), and higher peak propulsive forces in males (-0.26 ± 0.04 BW in pre-fatigue and -0.27 ± 0.05 BW in fatigue condition, p < 0.05) in the fatigue condition. It seems that better responses to impact under a fatigue condition are observed among women. Further studies should confirm whether these changes represent a strategy to optimize shock attenuation, prevent running injuries and improve running economy.

RESUMEN

The literature indicates the best vibration positions and frequencies on the human body where tactile information is transmitted. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how to combine tactile stimuli for navigation. The aim of this study is to compare different vibration patterns outputted to blind people and to determine the most intuitive vibration patterns to indicate direction for navigation purposes through a tactile belt. The vibration patterns that stimulate the front side of the waist are preferred for indicating direction. Vibration patterns applied on the back side of the waist could be suitable for sending messages such as stop.

RESUMEN

Visually impaired people do not have equal possibilities to practice sports. In the case of running they need a sighted guide. This paper compare different possibilities for indicating direction to blind people by means of a belt that transmits tactile messages, and defines design requirements based on anthropometric analysis. The results shows that intuitive tactile messages are achieved with tactile stimuli applied in the ventral section, from the iliac crests to the navel.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid indirect method to determine an individual's maximal strength or 1 repetition maximum (RM) in untrained subjects during half-squat exercise. One hundred and five physically active young subjects (87 men and 18 women) performed a submaximal and a maximal load test during half-squat exercises on a Smith machine. In the submaximal test, subjects completed 3 repetitions with a load equivalent to body weight. The velocity and power of barbell displacement were recorded during the upward movement from 90° of knee flexion. All repetitions were performed at maximum velocity. In a subsequent 1-2RM test, the 1RM for the exercise was calculated. The variables' load and mean velocity (V(mean)) were used to construct an adjusted 1RM prediction model, which was capable of estimating the 1RM with an accuracy of 58% (F(exp) = 72.82; 2; 102 df; p ≤ 0.001). Our results indicate a good correlation between the mean displacement velocity of a load equivalent to body weight and 1RM. This relationship enables a safe and fast estimation of 1RM values in half-squat exercise (1RM = -61.93 + [121.92·V(mean)] + [1.74·load]) and provides valuable information to untrained subjects who are starting resistance training programs.

Asunto(s)