RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between non-suicidal self injury (NSSI), dissociative experiences, types of childhood traumas, and attachment styles in adolescents. METHOD: Adolescents aged 14-18 with a diagnosis of NSSI and a psychiatric disorder (NSSI, n=40), a clinical comparison group which have any psychiatric disorder without NSSI (CCG, n=40) and a healthy control group (HC, n=40) were included. The diagnosis of NSSI were confirmed with the research criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition. All participants were evaluated using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime Version. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the short form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES) were used. RESULTS: The dissociation scores were higher in the NSSI group compared to the CCG group (4.8±2.0 and 2.9±2.2, p<0.001). NSSI group also had higher trauma levels but the difference was not statistically significant (48.0±14.2 and 41.4±5.0, p=0.062). Similarly, the NSSI group yielded higher scores of CTQ (48.0±14.2 and 33.8±6.8, p<0.001) and ADES (4.8±2.0 and 1.8±1.6, p<0.001) compared to HC group. Also, compared to the HC group, the NSSI group had more impaired attachment to father (42.0±19.7 vs. 53.0±21.7, p=0.056) and more frequently reported physical and emotional abuse. Finally, there were negative correlations between attachment levels to mother and CTQ total scores (r=-0.70, p<0.001) and between father attachment subscale and ADES scores (r=-0.33, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: Our study supports the notion that dissociation, trauma and insecure attachment are more common in individuals with NSSI. Psychotherapeutic approaches based on current findings will provide more benefits to patients.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal system disorders are known to be prevalent among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some ASD-associated comorbidities are abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, sleep disturbances, epilepsy, and psychiatric problems. Nonetheless, there is still limited information about the presence of functional GI disorders (FGIDs) among children with ASD, especially in Türkiye. Using the Rome criteria, we aimed to investigate FGIDs in children with ASD. METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 68 children aged 4-10 years, diagnosed with ASD according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and had scores greater than 30 on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2) and an age-sex matched control group (n=78). The Rome III criteria were used to evaluate FGIDs. RESULTS: The frequency of FGIDs in the ASD group was higher (76.5%) compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, abdominal migraine frequency increased 10 times (p=0.012), functional constipation 7 times (p < 0.001), and fecal incontinence 6 times (p < 0.001) in the ASD group. Stool retention was not present in most children in the ASD group who were found to have fecal incontinence. CONCLUSION: In this study, the most common FGIDs in the ASD group were abdominal migraine, functional constipation, and non-retentive fecal incontinence. The finding that most children with ASD who had fecal incontinence did not show stool retention implicated social, psychological, and behavioral factors as the causes of incontinence. Raising awareness of healthcare professionals about the frequency of FGIDs in children with ASD will improve many areas in the daily lives of these children.

Asunto(s)

Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Incontinencia Fecal , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , Trastornos Migrañosos , Niño , Humanos , Incontinencia Fecal/complicaciones , Incontinencia Fecal/diagnóstico , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/complicaciones , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/complicaciones , Estreñimiento/epidemiología , Estreñimiento/etiología , Trastornos Migrañosos/complicaciones

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study is to evaluation of executive functions of obese children and adolescents. Thirty children and adolescents with obesity between the ages of 11 and 18 and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy weight-peers were included. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) value of 5 to 85thpercentile and >95thpercentile were classified as normal and obese, respectively. Turkish Version of Kiddy Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-T) was applied for excluding participants with psychiatric diagnoses. All children and their parents were asked to fill out Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) to evaluate executive functions. Children with obesity tended to complete Part 4 and Part 5 of SCWT in longer time (p = 0.043 and p = 0.018, respectively). Rate of obesity was higher among nuclear family members (p = 0.001) with a higher number of relatives positive for history of a psychiatric disorder (p = 0.020). While children with obesity reported higher rates of peer problems as measured by SDQ (p = 0.030), there was no significant difference in parent forms. In conclusion, although children with obesity may have disruptions in their executive functions to some degree, this does not refer a generalized impairment.