RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to determine essential oil composition, phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) leaves harvested during the months of June to September. RESULT: The maximum essential oil yield in the leaves appeared in the middle of July. The main components of oregano oil were carvacrol, thymol, gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, alpha-terpinene and alpha-pinene. Carvacrol was highest in the July harvest. The maximum extract yield was found in September. Oil distilled from early-season (June) harvested leaves had the highest antioxidant ability, expressed as low concentration providing 50% inhibition of free radical scavenging activity and high levels of reducing/antioxidant capacity. Twelve phenolic compounds of oregano extract were identified and the main components were found to be rosmarinic acid and acecetin. The maximum rosmarinic acid and acecetin were found in harvests of July and June, respectively. Total phenolic contents, free radical scavenging activities and reducing/antioxidant capacities were found to be highest in the July harvest. DISCUSSION: All yields, chemical compositions, free radical scavenging activities and reducing/antioxidant capacities of extracts and essential oils of Turkish oregano changed importantly depending on vegetative periods of growing season.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Origanum/química , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estaciones del Año , Agricultura/métodos , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/metabolismo , TurquíaRESUMEN
Rosa damascena Mill. is the most important rose species for rose oil production. The main rose oil producers in the world are Turkey and Bulgaria and they obtain the rose oil almost exclusively from R. damascena. In spite of coming from the same original populations, R. damascena plants grown in Turkey show some morphological differences. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the genetic relationships among R. damascena plants grown in Turkey by using microsatellite and AFLP markers. Twenty three AFLP and nine microsatellite primer pairs were used for this aim. No polymorphism could be detected among the plants, as the marker patterns obtained from different plants are identical. The conclusion from these data is that all R. damascena plants under study are derived from the same original genotype by vegetative propagation. Furthermore, the observed morphological differences originate from point mutations not detectable by molecular markers. Therefore, they are equivalent to sport mutations frequently observed in cut and garden rose varieties.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Plantas/análisis , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Rosa/clasificación , Rosa/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/clasificación , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , TurquíaRESUMEN
In this study the composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils obtained from Origanum onites, Mentha piperita, Juniperus exalsa, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lavandula hybrida, Rosa damascena, Echinophora tenuifolia, Foeniculum vulgare were examined. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of these eight aromatic extracts; their in vitro antimicrobial activities were determined by disk diffusion testing, according to the NCCLS criteria. Escherichia coli (ATTC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853 were used as standard test bacterial strains. Origanum onites recorded antimicrobial activity against all test bacteria, and was strongest against Staphylococcus aureus. For Rosa damascena, Mentha piperita and Lavandula hybrida antimicrobial activity was recorded only to Staphylococcus aureus. Juniperus exalsa, and Chrysanthemum indicum exhibited antibacterial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. We also examined the in vitro antimicrobial activities of some components of the essential oils and found some components with antimicrobial activity.