RESUMEN

The transcription factor PU.1 (Purine-rich DNA binding, SPI1) is a key regulator of hematopoiesis, whose level is influenced by transcription through its enhancers and its post-transcriptional degradation via microRNA-155 (miR-155). The degree of transcriptional regulation of the PU.1 gene is influenced by repression via DNA methylation, as well as other epigenetic factors, such as those related to progenitor maturation status, which is modulated by the transcription factor Myeloblastosis oncogene (MYB). In this work, we show that combinatorial treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with DNA methylation inhibitors (5-Azacytidine), MYB inhibitors (Celastrol), and anti-miR-155 (AM155) ideally leads to overproduction of PU.1. We also show that PU.1 reactivation can be compensated by miR-155 and that only a combined approach leads to sustained PU.1 derepression, even at the protein level. The triple effect on increasing PU.1 levels in myeloblasts stimulates the myeloid transcriptional program while inhibiting cell survival and proliferation, leading to partial leukemic differentiation.

Asunto(s)

Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , MicroARNs , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Transactivadores/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Oncogenic microRNAs (oncomiRs) accumulate in serum due to their increased stability and thus serve as biomarkers in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis. Four oncogenic microRNAs (miR-155, miR-19a, miR-181b, and miR-24) and one tumor suppressor microRNA (let-7a) were shown to differentiate between high- and low-risk early breast cancer (EBC) and reflect the surgical tumor removal and adjuvant therapy. Here we applied the longitudinal multivariate data analyses to stochastically model the serum levels of each of the oncomiRs using the RT-PCR measurements in the EBC patients (N = 133) that were followed up 4 years after diagnosis. This study identifies that two of the studied oncomiRs, miR-155 and miR-24, are highly predictive of EBC relapse. Furthermore, combining the oncomiR level with Ki-67 expression further specifies the relapse probability. Our data move further the notion that oncomiRs in serum enable not only monitoring of EBC but also are a very useful tool for predicting relapse independently of any other currently analyzed characteristics in EBC patients. Our approach can be translated into medical practice to estimate individual relapse risk of EBC patients.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Estudios Longitudinales , MicroARNs/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) affect the skin and tend to transform and spread. CTCL involves primarily the Mycosis fungoides (MF) and more aggressive Sezary syndrome (SS). Oncogenic microRNAs (miRs) are stable epigenetic inhibitors often deregulated in the tumour and detectable as biomarkers in non-cellular fractions of peripheral blood. The tumour-specific expression of miR-155, miR-203, and miR-205 was shown to correctly diagnose CTCL. We herein asked whether these microRNAs can be used as plasma biomarkers for clinical CTCL monitoring. Patients with CTCL (n = 10) and controls with non-malignant conditions (n = 11) repeatedly donated plasma samples every ca. five months. MicroRNAs were detected in the plasma samples by specifically-primed RT-PCR followed by multivariate analyses of the miR expression dynamics. We herein established the plasma miR-classifier for detecting CTCL based on the miR-155 upregulation and miR-203/miR-205 downregulation with 100% specificity and 94% sensitivity. The 3-miR-score in the consecutive samples coincided with the clinical outcome of MF and SS patients such as the therapy response or changes in the clinical stage or tumor size. Quantitation of the selected microRNAs in plasma is a specific and straightforward approach for evaluating CTCL outcome representing, thus, a valuable tool for CTCL diagnostics and therapy response monitoring.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor , MicroARN Circulante , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Biopsia Líquida , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/sangre , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/diagnóstico , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Piel/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRs) represent a distinct class of posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression with remarkable stability in sera. Several miRs are oncogenic (oncomiRs) and are deregulated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and function to inhibit tumor suppressors. Routine blood monitoring of these circulating tumor-derived products could be of significant benefit to the diagnosis and relapse detection of early-stage breast cancer (EBC) patients. METHODS: Aim of this project was to determine expression of miR-155, miR-19a, miR-181b, miR-24, relative to let-7a in sera of 63 patients with EBC and 21 healthy controls. Longitudinal multivariate data analysis was performed to stochastically model the serum levels of each of the oncomiRs during disease phases: from diagnosis, after surgery, and following chemo/radiotherapy. Moreover, this analysis was utilized to evaluate oncomiR levels in EBC patients subgrouped using current clinical prognostic factors including HER2, Ki-67, and grade III. RESULTS: EBC patients significantly over-express the oncomiRs at the time of diagnosis. Following surgical resection the serum levels of miR-155, miR-181b, and miR-24 significantly decreased (p = 1.89e-05, 5.41e-06, and 0.00638, respectively) whereas the miR-19a decreased significantly after the therapy (p = 0.00869). Furthermore, in case of high-risk patients serum levels of miR-155, miR-19a, miR-181b, and miR-24 are significantly more abundant in comparison to low-risk group (p = 0.026, 0.02567, 0.0250, and 0.00990) and show a decreasing trend upon therapy. CONCLUSIONS: OncomiRs are significantly more abundant in the sera of EBC patients compared to controls at diagnosis. Differences in oncomiR levels reflecting EBC risk were also observed. Testing the oncomiRs may be useful for diagnostic purpose and possibly also for relapse detection in follow-up studies of EBC.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , MicroARNs/sangre , MicroARNs/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Pronóstico

RESUMEN

Elevated levels of microRNA miR-155 represent a candidate pathogenic factor in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this study, we present evidence that MYB (v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) is overexpressed in a subset of B-CLL patients. MYB physically associates with the promoter of miR-155 host gene (MIR155HG, also known as BIC, B-cell integration cluster) and stimulates its transcription. This coincides with the hypermethylated histone H3K4 residue and spread hyperacetylation of H3K9 at MIR155HG promoter. Our data provide evidence of oncogenic activities of MYB in B-CLL that include its stimulatory role in MIR155HG transcription.

Asunto(s)

Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Proteínas Oncogénicas v-myb/fisiología , Cromatina/química , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Análisis por Conglomerados , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Células HeLa , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/metabolismo , Análisis por Micromatrices , Proteínas Oncogénicas v-myb/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Unión Proteica , Transcripción Genética/fisiología , Transfección , Células Tumorales Cultivadas

RESUMEN

Hematopoietic transcription factors GATA-1 and PU.1 bind each other on DNA to block transcriptional programs of undesired lineage during hematopoietic commitment. Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells that coexpress GATA-1 and PU.1 are blocked at the blast stage but respond to molecular removal (downregulation) of PU.1 or addition (upregulation) of GATA-1 by inducing terminal erythroid differentiation. To test whether GATA-1 blocks PU.1 in MEL cells, we have conditionally activated a transgenic PU.1 protein fused with the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain (PUER), resulting in activation of a myeloid transcriptional program. Gene expression arrays identified components of the PU.1-dependent transcriptome negatively regulated by GATA-1 in MEL cells, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa) and core-binding factor, beta subunit (Cbfb), which encode two key hematopoietic transcription factors. Inhibition of GATA-1 by small interfering RNA resulted in derepression of PU.1 target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays identified PU.1 motif sequences near Cebpa and Cbfb that are co-occupied by PU.1 and GATA-1 in the leukemic blasts. Significant derepression of Cebpa and Cbfb is achieved in MEL cells by either activation of PU.1 or knockdown of GATA-1. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation of these loci by manipulating the levels of PU.1 and GATA-1 involves quantitative increases in a transcriptionally active chromatin mark: acetylation of histone H3K9. Collectively, we show that either activation of PU.1 or inhibition of GATA-1 efficiently reverses the transcriptional block imposed by GATA-1 and leads to the activation of a myeloid transcriptional program directed by PU.1.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas Potenciadoras de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Subunidad beta del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Factor de Transcripción GATA1/genética , Leucemia/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Transactivadores/genética , Proteínas Potenciadoras de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Subunidad beta del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción GATA1/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Células HeLa , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucemia/metabolismo , Leucemia/fisiopatología , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Elementos Reguladores de la Transcripción/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Activación Transcripcional/genética