RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on nephrotoxicity and the mechanism of renoprotection following vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The control group received intraperitoneal (IP) physiological saline solution, the vancomycin (VMC) group received IP 200 mg/kg vancomycin, the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group received IP 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, and the vancomycin and dexmedetomidine (VMC+DEX) group received IP 200 mg/kg vancomycin followed by IP 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine 20 min after the vancomycin injection. On the 8th day of the experiment, histopathological and biochemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Creatinine levels were significantly higher in VMC and VMC+DEX groups. The endothelin-1 level was significantly higher in VMC group. Nitric oxide levels were statistically lower in VMC and VMC+DEX groups. Histopathologic assessments revealed that the extent of renal damage was significantly higher in group VMC (n = 4 with damage of Grade 3) compared to group VMC+DEX (n = 0 with damage of Grade 3). CONCLUSION: It was determined that dexmedetomidine can reduce the extent of renal damage by preventing the elevation of vasoconstrictor agents (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 36).
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2 , Antibacterianos , Dexmedetomidina , Vancomicina , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Dexmedetomidina/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Vancomicina/toxicidad , Vasoconstricción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Prolactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor. Most pituitary tumors are benign, but they often are clinically signiï¬cant. We investigated cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay parameters and oxidative DNA damage in patients with prolactinoma to assess the relations among age, prolactin level, pituitary adenoma diameter and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in patients with prolactinoma. We investigated 27 patients diagnosed with prolactinoma and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured CBMN cyt parameters and plasma 8-OHdG levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with prolactinoma and controls. The frequencies of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge, nuclear bud, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and plasma 8-OHdG levels in patients with prolactinoma were significantly greater than controls. MN frequency was correlated positively with age, prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters in patients with prolactinoma. The increased chromosomal and oxidative DNA damage, and the positive correlation between MN frequency, prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters may be associated with increased risk of cancer in patients with prolactinoma, because increased MN frequency is a predictor of cancer risk.
Asunto(s)
Citocinesis/fisiología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Prolactinoma/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necrosis/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) may interfere with renal function because of continuous fluid irrigation and compression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on renal function in patients undergoing PCNL. METHODS: This study included 40 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years who underwent PCNL. After induction of anesthesia, we administered 100 ml of normal saline to the patients in the control group (n=20) and 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine in 100 ml of normal saline to the patients in the dexmedetomidine group (n=20) over 10 min. Throughout the surgery, 1 mcg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 1 ml/kg/h normal saline infusions were given to the dexmedetomidine and control groups, respectively. Renal function, electrolytes, serum levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C were analyzed after induction and post-operatively at 2, 8 and 24 h. Renin levels and blood gas analyses were performed after induction and before extubation. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to renal function, creatinine clearance (CrCl), NGAL, cystatin C and serum electrolyte levels at 0, 2, 8 and 24 h post-operatively. End-surgery renin levels in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than the baseline levels in the control group. CONCLUSION: In PCNL, an intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine was not found to have beneficial effects on CrCl, NGAL or cystatin C levels early after the procedure; however, it reduced renin levels.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Dexmedetomidina/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Nefrostomía Percutánea , Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Creatinina/sangre , Cistatina C/sangre , Femenino , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Hormonas/sangre , Humanos , Cálculos Renales/cirugía , Pruebas de Función Renal , Lipocalina 2 , Lipocalinas/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/sangre , Circulación Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the role of protein peroxidation by detecting the serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), a novel marker for the degree of oxidative damage to proteins, and total thiol as a marker of antioxidant status in diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to compare the results with those of control subjects. METHODS: The study groups consisted of two separate subgroups: 1) 37 patients (14 male, 23 female) with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) showing diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 2) 20 patients with NIDDM and without any signs of DR (9 male, 11 female); 26 healthy non-diabetic control subjects (15 male, 11 female) were selected from the patients attending our department for refractive disorders. Venous blood samples of all participants were collected in the morning after an overnight fast, and serum samples storedat -70 degrees C until assay for AOPP, and total thiol. RESULTS: AOPP levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients with (210.9+/-73.0 micronmol/L) or without DR (222.7+/-94.4 micronmol/L) when compared to those of controls (152.4+/-72.04 micronmol/L) (p=0.004). Even though the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.095), total thiol levels in cases with DR (278.7+/-139.1 micronmol/L) were lower than those without DR (334.0+/-129.4 micronmol/L) and controls (353.2+/-145.6 micronmol/L). Correlation tests did not reveal any association between these parameters and age, sex, or duration of DM. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that increased protein oxidation may contribute to the pathogenesis of DR.
Asunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/sangre , Malondialdehído/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of oxidant-antioxidant system (malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Paraoxonase (PON1) activity, nitric oxide (NO) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) and thyroid hormone status in hypothyroidism pre and posttreatment. The study group comprised 33 patients with primary hypothyroidism. 18 of these patients were reevaluated after euthyroid state i.e. at least 6 months of thyroxine replacement. The patients were compared with 26 normal healthy controls. Serum MDA level, PON1 activity, NO level and SOD activity were measured according to an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. MDA levels were found higher in patients with hypothyroidism before the treatment than the controls. MDA levels were also found to be decreased after the treatment in patients with hypothyroidism. However MDA were found still higher than the controls after the treatment. PON1 activity was found to be lower in patients pretreatment when compared to posttreatment hypothyroidism and controls. Posttreatment of hypothyroidism mean PON1 activity significantly increased compared to pretreatment level but it was still significantly lower than control level. NO level was higher in pretreatment hypothyroidism when compared to controls. SOD activity was not found different in patients before treatment when compared to controls. SOD activity was significantly higher in after treatment when compared to both pretreatment and control levels. In conclusion, increased ROS levels in hypothyroidism may result in a pro-oxidation environment, which in turn could result in decreased antioxidant PON1 activity, increased MDA and NO levels. As a result, lipid peroxidation may have a role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis in hypothyroidism.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arildialquilfosfatasa/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Malondialdehído/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/sangre , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Tiroxina/sangre , Tiroxina/uso terapéutico , Triyodotironina/sangreRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate paraoxonase1 (PON1) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, one of the end products of lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) in the active stage. METHODS: Serum MDA levels and PON1 levels were measured spectrophotometrically in 16 patients with BD in the active stage of the disease and in 15 healthy subjects who constituted the control group. RESULTS: In the BD group, median (range) serum PON1 and MDA levels were 149.64 U/l (88.02-281.68) and 1.21 nmol/ml (0.90-3.42), respectively. In the control group, median (range) serum PON1 and MDA levels were 206.86 U/l (114.43-422.52) and 0.72 nmol/ml (0.50-1.12), respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease in serum PON1 levels (p = 0.02) and an increase in serum MDA levels (p<0.001) in patients with BD in the active stage when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Endothelial damage and increased polymorph nuclear leucocyte activity in the active stage of BD could result in a pro-oxidation environment which, in turn, results in decreased antioxidant PON activity and increased lipid peroxidation as evidenced by increased MDA levels.