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In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) tools were employed to forecast the adsorption capacity of Malachite green (MG) by baru fruit endocarp waste (B@FE) under diverse conditions, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature. Enhanced adsorption efficiency was notably observed under alkaline pH conditions (pH 10). Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process closely followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium studies revealed the Langmuir isotherm as the most suitable model, estimating a maximum adsorption capacity of 57.85 mg g-1. Furthermore, the chemical adsorption of MG by B@FE was confirmed using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Various ANN architectures were explored, employing different activation functions such as identity, logistic, tanh, and exponential. Based on evaluation metrics like the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), the optimal network configuration was identified as a 5-11-1 architecture, consisting of five input neurons, eleven hidden neurons, and one output neuron. Notably, the logistic activation function was applied in both the hidden and output layers for this configuration. This study highlights the efficacy of B@FE as an efficient adsorbent for MG removal from aqueous solutions and demonstrates the potential of ANN models in predicting adsorption behavior across varying environmental conditions, emphasizing their utility in this field.
The innovative aspect of this study lies in the utilization of a new and effective adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green (MG), derived from the fruit endocarp of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.). The baru fruit endocarp, typically discarded as solid waste during processing, was found to possess favorable characteristics for adsorption processes and provides an adsorption capacity that exceeds that of most other similar adsorbents. Additionally, integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) enables accurate modeling of the adsorption process, eliminating the need for extensive laboratory experiments. This contributes significantly to wastewater treatment research, enhancing effectiveness and sustainability in unwanted dye removal.
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Frutas , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Colorantes de Rosanilina , Termodinámica , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Colorantes de Rosanilina/química , Adsorción , Cinética , Biodegradación Ambiental , Ulva , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of polyhexamethylene hydrochloride guanidine (PHMGH) compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX) for use as an oral antiseptic during dental procedures in wild cats. This research is crucial due to limited information on the diversity of oral microorganisms in wild cats and the detrimental local and systemic effects of oral diseases, which highlights the importance of improving prevention and treatment strategies. Samples were collected from the oral cavities of four Puma concolor, one Panthera onca, and one Panthera leo, and the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was counted and semi-automatically identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates was determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill kinetics of PHMGH and CLX. A total of 16 bacterial isolates were identified, consisting of six Gram-positive and 10 Gram-negative. PHMGH displayed MIC and MBC from 0.24 to 125.00 µg/mL, lower than those of CLX against three isolates. Time-kill kinetics showed that PHMGH reduced the microbial load by over 90% for all microorganisms within 30 min, whereas CLX did not. Only two Gram-positive isolates exposed to the polymer showed incomplete elimination after 60 min of contact. The results could aid in the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral diseases in large felids. PHMGH showed promising potential at low concentrations and short contact times compared to the commercial product CLX, making it a possible active ingredient in oral antiseptic products for veterinary use in the future.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales , Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Guanidina , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Guanidinas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Purpose: This study assessed the intensity of artifacts produced by 2 metal posts, 2 cements, and different exposure parameters using 2 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) units. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 20 single-rooted premolars, divided into 4 groups: Ni-Cr/zinc phosphate, Ni-Cr/resin cement, Ag-Pd/zinc phosphate, and Ag-Pd/resin cement. Samples were scanned before and after post insertion and cementation using a CS9000 3D scanner with 4 exposure parameters (85/90 kV and 6.3/10 mA) and an i-CAT scanner with 120 kV and 5 mA. The presence of artifacts was assessed subjectively by 2 observers and objectively by a trained observer using ImageJ software. The Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, weighted kappa, and chi-square tests were used to assess data at a 95% confidence level (α<0.05). Results: In the subjective analyses, AgPd presented more hypodense and hyperdense lines than NiCr (P<0.05), and more hypodense halos were found using i-CAT (P<0.05) than using CS9000 3D. More hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines were observed at 10 mA than at 6.3 mA (P<0.05). More hypodense halos were observed at 85 kV than at 90 kV (P<0.05). CS9000 3D presented more hypodense and hyperdense lines than i-CAT (P<0.05). In the objective analyses, AgPd presented higher percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts than NiCr (P<0.05). Zinc phosphate cement presented higher hyperdense artifact percentages on CS9000 3D scans (P<0.05). CS9000 3D presented higher artifact percentages than i-CAT (P<0.05). Conclusion: High-atomic-number alloys, higher tube current, and lower tube voltage may increase the artifacts present in CBCT images.
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Herein, the isolation of secondary metabolites from the aerial parts of Justicia aequilabris guided by HPLC-MSn and molecular networking analyses is reported. Twenty-two known compounds were dereplicated. Three new lignans (aequilabrines A-C (1-3)) and three known compounds (lariciresinol-4'-O-ß-glucose (4), roseoside (5), and allantoin (6)) were obtained. The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1-3 was evaluated in vitro by inhibiting the nitric oxide production (NO) and pro-inflammatory activity on the cytokine IL-1ß. Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant inhibitory activity against NO production, with IC50 values of 9.1 and 7.3 µM, respectively. The maximum inhibition of IL-1ß production was 23.5% (1), 27.3% (2), and 32.5% (3).
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Antiinflamatorios , Género Justicia , Lignanos , Alantoína/química , Alantoína/aislamiento & purificación , Alantoína/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Furanos/química , Furanos/aislamiento & purificación , Furanos/farmacología , Lignanos/química , Lignanos/aislamiento & purificación , Lignanos/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Quality of Life in climacteric women is intrinsically related to signs and symptoms influenced by the decrease of estrogen and psychosocial factors linked to the natural aging process. Thus, this study aimed to trace the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of climacteric women working at the State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and evaluate their Quality of Life. METHODS: It is a descriptive, exploratory, and quantitative study. The population consisted of female workers from UERN, aging between 40 and 65 years. The total sample consisted of 63 women who answered the forms. Data collection was completely online, which allowed the women to have free choice to choose the most appropriate time to answer the questions. RESULTS: The majority of the participants were older than 50 years (53.97%, n = 34), were married or in a stable union (55.56%, n = 35), and lived in Mossoró-RN (82.53%, n = 52). Regarding skin color, white and brown women had the same percentage of 44.44% (n = 28). The pain, general health status, and vitality domains evidence the predominance of poor quality of life in the SF-36 questionnaire. Regarding the level of satisfaction with their current health status, 4.76% (n = 3) stated that they fit the level considered excellent, 44.44% (n = 28) very good, 46, 03% (n = 29) were good, and 4.77% (n = 3) stated unsatisfied with their current health status. The intensity of symptoms related to estrogen deficiency established by the Kupperman menopause index is as Mild 55.56% (n = 35), moderate 41.27% (n = 26), and severe 3.17% (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of symptoms and perception of these symptoms differs from woman to woman, to a greater or lesser extent. These findings emphasize the need for qualified and individualized care for the needs of these women in health services and the development of applicable solutions for solving problems based on each woman profile.
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BACKGROUND: Burns are a global public health problem and cause approximately 180,000 deaths annually, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. Topical antibiotics and occlusive dressing are standard treatments for burns not requiring a skin graft. However, physiotherapy has low-cost phototherapeutic and electrophysical resources (e.g., light-emitting diode [LED]) that may accelerate burn healing. This study aims to compare the re-epithelialization rate of second-degree burns, pain, pruritus, skin temperature, quality of wound healing, and scar quality and mobility among individuals undergoing treatment with red LED, infrared LED, and simulated photobiomodulation. METHODS: This is a double-blinded, three-arm parallel-group, randomized controlled superiority trial. Individuals of both sexes, aged over 18 years, and with second-degree burns will be included. The sample will be divided into three groups of 13 individuals: two will receive LED therapy (red or infrared) and one placebo. Pain, pruritus, skin temperature, and wound size will be assessed daily. Interventions will take place until complete healing, when scar mobility and quality will be evaluated. Data will be presented as mean and 95% confidence interval and analyzed using mixed linear models. DISCUSSION: This randomized controlled trial has minimal risk of bias and intends to identify the ideal type, procedures, and doses of photobiomodulation to heal burns, which are not standardized in clinical practice. Positive results will allow the implementation of the technique in burn and wound guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC) RBR-8bfznx6 . Registered on October 13, 2021.
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Quemaduras , Repitelización , Adulto , Quemaduras/complicaciones , Quemaduras/diagnóstico , Quemaduras/terapia , Cicatriz/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dolor/etiología , Prurito , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the impact of swallowing changes and dysphagia complaints on quality-of-life and eating self-assessments of COVID-19 inpatients. Methods: the study comprised 54 COVID-19 inpatients above 18 years old, whose swallowing was clinically assessed by a speech-language-hearing therapist. They were classified regarding food intake (with the FOIS scale) and degree of dysphagia. They also filled out a sample characterization questionnaire and the SWAL-QOL and EAT-10 protocols. Results: the respiratory condition led to worse quality-of-life self-assessment Fatigue results, oral food intake and dysphagia severity classifications. Females had worse quality-of-life self-assessment Burden and Food selection scores. Swallowing complaints were associated with worse eating self-assessments. Patients at risk of dysphagia had worse quality-of-life self-assessments in five out of the 11 domains, worse oral food intake levels, and worse dysphagia severity. Conclusion: COVID-19 inpatients commonly have swallowing complaints and are at risk of dysphagia, with worse quality-of-life self-assessment, lower oral food intake classification, and worse dysphagia severity rating.
RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o impacto de alterações na deglutição e queixa de disfagia na autoavaliação da qualidade de vida e na autoavaliação da alimentação de pacientes internados com COVID-19. Métodos: participaram do estudo 54 indivíduos acima de 18 anos com COVID-19 internados, submetidos à avaliação clínica da deglutição por fonoaudiólogo, classificados em relação à ingestão alimentar pela escala FOIS e grau da disfagia, que preencheram um questionário de caracterização da amostra e os protocolos SWAL-QOL e EAT-10. Resultados: a condição respiratória determinou piores resultados na autoavaliação da qualidade de vida no domínio Fadiga, na definição da ingesta de alimentos via oral e na classificação da gravidade da disfagia. Indivíduos do gênero feminino apresentaram pior autoavaliação da qualidade de vida nos domínios Deglutição como um fardo e Seleção do alimento. Houve associação entre queixa de deglutição e pior autoavaliação da alimentação. Pacientes em risco para disfagia apresentaram pior autoavaliação da qualidade de vida em cinco dos 11 domínios, pior nível de ingesta de alimentos via oral e pior gravidade da disfagia. Conclusão: pacientes internados com COVID-19 comumente apresentam queixas de deglutição e encontram-se em risco para disfagia, apresentando pior autoavaliação da qualidade de vida, menor nível em classificação da escala de ingesta de alimentos via oral e pior classificação da gravidade da disfagia.
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BACKGROUND: Neglected diseases require special attention when looking for new therapeutic alternatives, as these are diseases of extreme complexity and severity that affect populations belonging to lower social classes who lack access to basic rights, such as sanitation. INTRODUCTION: Among the alternatives available for obtaining new drugs is Medicinal Chemistry, which is responsible for the discovery, identification, invention, and preparation of prototypes. In this perspective, the present work aims to make a bibliographic review on the recent studies of Medicinal Chemistry applied to neglected diseases. METHODS: A literature review was carried out by searching the "Web of Sciences" database, including recent articles published on the Neglected Drug Design. RESULTS: In general, it was noticed that the most studied neglected diseases corresponded to Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, with studies on organic synthesis, optimization of structures, and molecular hybrids being the most used strategies. It is also worth mentioning the growing number of computationally developed studies, providing speed and optimization of costs in the procurement process. CONCLUSION: The CADD approach and organic synthesis studies, when applied in the area of Medicinal Chemistry, have proven to be important in the research and discovery of drugs for Neglected Diseases, both in terms of planning the experimental methodology used to obtain it and in the selection of compounds with higher activity potential.
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Química Farmacéutica , Diseño de Fármacos , Enfermedades Desatendidas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Chagas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Leishmaniasis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Pesticides are used to control and combat insects and pests in the agricultural sector, households, and public health programs. The frequent and disorderly use of these pesticides may lead to variety of undesired effects. Therefore, natural products have many advantages over to synthetic compounds to be used as insecticides. The goal of this study was to find natural products with insecticidal potential against Musca domestica and Mythimna separata. To achieve this goal, we developed predictive QSAR models using MuDRA, PLS, and RF approaches and performed virtual screening of 117 natural products. As a result of QSAR modeling, we formulated the recommendations regarding physico-chemical characteristics for promising compounds active against Musca domestica and Mythimna separata. Homology models were successfully built for both species and molecular docking of QSAR hits vs known insecticides allowed us to prioritize twenty-two compounds against Musca domestica and six against Mythimna separata. Our results suggest that pimarane diterpenes, abietanes diterpenes, dimeric diterpenes and scopadulane diterpenes obtained from aerial parts of species of the genus Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae: Scrophulariaceae) can be considered as potential insecticidal.
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Dípteros/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Insecticidas/farmacología , Animales , Diseño de Fármacos , Moscas Domésticas/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Biológicos , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Scrophulariaceae/química , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Constant research on natural products has generated, over time, a large number of compounds with the potential to be evaluated in several biological tests and subsequently have been cataloged in databases that allow other researchers to perform virtual screenings of activity in various biological systems. This considerably reduces the time for the development of new drugs. This review describes the main databases of natural products available for searching bioactive compounds. It also describes the main features of virtual screening strategies for the identification of molecules with the potential to be used as new drugs. In addition, a search was made in the Web of Science database, using the search term "Virtual screening of natural products databases" from 2003 to 2018. The search criterion resulted in 230 articles, which had their abstracts evaluated with pertinence to the criteria required for this work, which are: a) be a research article; b) performing a virtual screening on databases of natural products or containing natural products; and c) works that identified drug candidate molecules. Based on these criteria, the bibliographic review on the topic was excluded. After this analysis, 104 works were selected for this review. We selected relevant papers describing the potential drug candidates that were distributed in 15 classes, of which the anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hits were the most abundant. The works showing efforts to search for new molecules against various other diseases in distinct biological systems were also described. In this way, this work shows an overview of several methodologies and we hope they can help and inspire the development of new research to improve people's quality of life.
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Productos Biológicos , Bases de Datos de Compuestos Químicos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Humanos , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Aim: Selenium-based compounds have antitumor potential. We used a ligand-based virtual screening analysis to identify selenoglycolicamides with potential antitumor activity. Results & Conclusion: Compounds 3, 6, 7 and 8 were selected for in vitro cytotoxicity tests against various cell lines, according to spectrophotometry results. Compound 3 presented the best cytotoxicity results against a promyelocytic leukemia line (HL-60) and was able to induce cell death at a frequency similar to that observed for doxorubicin. The docking study showed that compound 3 has good interaction energies with the targets caspase-3, 7 and 8, which are components of the apoptotic pathway. These results suggested that selenium has significant pharmacological potential for the selective targeting of tumor cells, inducing molecular and cellular events that culminate in tumor cell death.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Compuestos de Selenio/síntesis química , Compuestos de Selenio/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chemoinformatics has several applications in the field of drug design, helping to identify new compounds against a range of ailments. Among these are Leishmaniasis, effective treatments for which are currently limited. OBJECTIVE: To construct new indole 2-aminothiophene molecules using computational tools and to test their effectiveness against Leishmania amazonensis (sp.). METHODS: Based on the chemical structure of thiophene-indol hybrids, we built regression models and performed molecular docking, and used these data as bases for design of 92 new molecules with predicted pIC50 and molecular docking. Among these, six compounds were selected for the synthesis and to perform biological assays (leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity). RESULTS: The prediction models and docking allowed inference of characteristics that could have positive influences on the leishmanicidal activity of the planned compounds. Six compounds were synthesized, one-third of which showed promising antileishmanial activities, with IC50 ranging from 2.16 and 2.97 µM (against promastigote forms) and 0.9 and 1.71 µM (against amastigote forms), with selectivity indexes (SI) of 52 and 75. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the ability of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)-based rational drug design to predict molecules with promising leishmanicidal potential, and confirming the potential of thiophene-indole hybrids as potential new leishmanial agents.
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Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Indoles/farmacología , Leishmania/efectos de los fármacos , Tiofenos/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/síntesis química , Antiprotozoarios/química , Indoles/química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Tiofenos/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherical bacterium commonly present in nasal fossae and in the skin of healthy people; however, in high quantities, it can lead to complications that compromise health. The pathologies involved include simple infections, such as folliculitis, acne, and delay in the process of wound healing, as well as serious infections in the CNS, meninges, lung, heart, and other areas. AIM: This research aims to propose a series of molecules derived from 2-naphthoic acid as a bioactive in the fight against S. aureus bacteria through in silico studies using molecular modeling tools. METHODS: A virtual screening of analogues was done in consideration of the results that showed activity according to the prediction model performed in the KNIME Analytics Platform 3.6, violations of the Lipinski rule, absorption rate, cytotoxicity risks, energy of binder-receptor interaction through molecular docking, and the stability of the best profile ligands in the active site of the proteins used (PDB ID 4DXD and 4WVG). RESULTS: Seven of the 48 analogues analyzed showed promising results for bactericidal action against S. aureus. CONCLUSION: It is possible to conclude that ten of the 48 compounds derived from 2-naphthoic acid presented activity based on the prediction model generated, of which seven presented no toxicity and up to one violation to the Lipinski rule.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Aprendizaje Automático , Naftalenos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Naftalenos/químicaRESUMEN
O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prática do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, subsidiada por revisão de literatura. O estudo foi realizado por meio de consulta aos documentos técnicos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro ( S M S/ R J ) que norteiam as ações dos enfermeiros na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram analisados documentos oficiais de respaldo legal em âmbito nacional. A análise na esfera nacional identificou dois registros técnicos que realizam a premissa dos documentos, a Lei do Exercício Profissional da Enfermagem (Lei 7.498/86) e a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica vigente. No que concerne a instância municipal, os documentos encontrados que permeiam a prática do profissional enfermeiro foram o protocolo de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde, protocolo de enfermagem cuidado em saúde mental, cuidados dos ciclos de vida e fascículo urgências e emergências, guias de referência rápida (Ansiedade generalizada e transtorno de pânico em adultos; Depressão; Diabetes Mellitus; Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis; Hipertensão; Infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana; Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família, Pré-natal; Prevenção cardiovascular; Tuberculose, Prevenção de Suicídio), carteira de serviços SMS/RJ e os contratos de gestão em Saúde da Família. Conclui-se que a prática do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde carioca é complexa e ainda necessita ser adequadamente delineada. A qualificação do sistema, perpassa pela formação e apoio a este profissional que desempenha uma pluralidade de habilidades específicas em um cenário dinâmico.
The study aimed to analyze the practice of nurses in Primary Health Care in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a documentary research, supported by a literature review. The study was carried out by consulting the technical documents of the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Secretariat (RJ) that guide nurses' actions in Primary Health Care. Official documents of legal support at national level were analyzed. The analysis at the national level identified two technical records that realize the premise of the documents, the Law of Professional Nursing Practice (Law 7.498 / 86) and the National Primary Care Policy in force. With regard to the municipal instance, the documents found that permeate the practice of professional nurses were the nursing protocol in Primary Health Care, Nursing Protocol mental health care, care of life cycles and urgent and emergency issues, Health Guides Quick Reference (Generalized anxiety and panic disorder in adults; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Sexually t ransmitted diseases; Hypertension; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Family Health Support Center, Prenatal care; Cardiovascular prevention; Tuberculosis, Suicide prevention), SMS / RJ Service Portfolio and Family Health management contracts. It is concluded that the practice of nurses in Primary Health Care in Rio de Janeiro is complex and still needs to be properly designed. The qualification of the system goes through the training and support of this professional who performs a plurality of specific skills in a dynamic scenario.
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Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms and is classified into 12 subfamilies that are composed of 295 genera and 7775 species. It presents a variety of secondary metabolites such as diterpenes that are commonly found in their species, and some of them are known to be chemotaxonomic markers. The aim of this work was to construct a database of diterpenes and to use it to perform a chemotaxonomic analysis among the subfamilies of Lamiaceae, using molecular descriptors and self-organizing maps (SOMs). The 4115 different diterpenes corresponding to 6386 botanical occurrences, which are distributed in eight subfamilies, 66 genera, 639 different species and 4880 geographical locations, were added to SistematX. Molecular descriptors of diterpenes and their respective botanical occurrences were used to generate the SOMs. In all obtained maps, a match rate higher than 80% was observed, demonstrating a separation of the Lamiaceae subfamilies, corroborating with the morphological and molecular data proposed by Li et al. Therefore, through this chemotaxonomic study, we can predict the localization of a diterpene in a subfamily and assist in the search for secondary metabolites with specific structural characteristics, such as compounds with potential biological activity.
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Bioprospección , Diterpenos/clasificación , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Algoritmos , Bases de Datos como Asunto , Diterpenos/química , Aprendizaje Automático , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are highly specialized, and exhibit a contractile phenotype when mature and fully differentiated, being responsible for vessel homeostasis and blood pressure control. In response to pro-atherogenic stimuli VSMC alter their state of differentiation, increase proliferation and migration, resulting in SMC phenotypes ranging from contractile to synthetic. This variability is observed in cell morphology and expression level of marker genes for differentiation status. There is growing evidence that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Here, we evaluated in vitro the role of specific agonists/antagonists belonging to the BMP pathway on dedifferentiation of VSMC harvested during early stages of atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Comparing primary VSMC isolated from aortas of susceptible ApoE-/- animals fed 8 weeks of western diet with their littermate controls fed usual diet, we observed that recombinant BMP4 was able to reduce SM22-alpha and alpha actin gene expression indicating dedifferentiation was under way. Unexpectedly, treatment with recombinant Gremlin-1, a known BMP antagonist, also reduced 4-6.5 folds gene expression of SM22-alpha, alpha-actin and, calponin, exclusively in VSMC from ApoE-/- animals, independently on the diet consumed. CONCLUSION: Our data show that BMP4 is capable of modulating of SM22-alpha and alpha actin gene expression, indicative of cell dedifferentiation in VSMC. Additionally, we report for first time that Gremlin-1 acts independently of the BMP pathway and selectively on VSMC from susceptible animals, reducing the expression of all genes evaluated.
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Aterosclerosis/patología , Desdiferenciación Celular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Animales , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/genética , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/genética , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/genética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados para ApoE , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
RESUMO Este artigo objetiva investigar a prevalência de violência doméstica contra idosos assistidos na atenção básica e possíveis fatores associados. Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com 169 indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) da microrregião 4.1 da cidade do Recife (PE). Idosos com agravo à saúde que comprometesse a comunicação e/ou cognição foram excluídos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas nos domicílios ou nas USF, com questões sociodemográficas, saúde autopercebida e instrumento de pesquisa para avaliar possíveis situações de violência, que foi desenvolvido e validado em Porto Rico e adotado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Verificou-se a existência de 133 idosos com sinais indicativos de pelo menos um tipo de violência em seu ambiente doméstico, representando uma prevalência de 78,7%, sendo a negligência o tipo mais prevalente (58,5%), seguida de violência psicológica (21,5%) e financeira (14%). Os idosos entrevistados que classificaram sua saúde como regular/ruim têm esse risco aumentado. O estudo reforça a hipótese da existência de violência doméstica contra os idosos. Assim, identificar a sua prevalência é o primeiro passo para o enfrentamento desse problema de saúde pública.
ABSTRACT This article aims to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence against elderly people in primary care and possible associated factors. A descriptive, cross-sectional study, with 169 individuals aged 60 years and over, of both sexes, enrolled in the Family Health Units (FHU) of the 4.1 micro region of the city of Recife. Elderly people with health impairment that compromised communication and/or cognition were excluded. The data were collected through interviews in the homes or FHU, with socio-demographic issues, self-perceived health and the research instrument to evaluate possible situations of violence, which was developed and validated in Puerto Rico and adopted by the Ministry of Health. There were 133 elderly people with indicative signs of at least one type of violence in their domestic environment, representing a prevalence of 78.7%, with negligence as the most prevalent type (58.5%), followed by psychological (21.5%) and financial (14%). The elderly interviewed who classified their health as regular/poor have this increased risk. The study reinforces the hypothesis of the existence of domestic violence against the elderly. Thus, identifying its prevalence is the first step in addressing this public health problem.
RESUMEN
Helicteres velutina K. Schum (Sterculiaceae), a member of Malvaceae sensu lato, is a Brazilian endemic plant that has been used by the indigenous tribe Pankarare as an insect repellent. A previous study has reported the isolation of terpenoids, flavonoids and pheophytins, in addition to the larvicidal activity of crude H. velutina extracts derived from the aerial components (leaves, branches/twigs, and flowers). The present study reports the biomonitoring of the effects of fractions and isolated compounds derived from H. velutina against A. aegypti fourth instar larvae. A crude ethanol extract was submitted to liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain their respective fractions. Larvicidal evaluations of the fractions were performed, and the hexane and dichloromethane fractions exhibited greater activities than the other fractions, with LC50 (50% lethal concentration) values of 3.88 and 5.80 mg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical study of these fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of 17 compounds. The molecules were subjected to a virtual screening protocol, and five molecules presented potential larvicidal activity after analyses of their applicability domains. When molecular docking was analysed, only three of these compounds showed an ability to bind with sterol carrier protein-2 (1PZ4), a protein found in the larval intestine. The compounds tiliroside and 7,4'-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate flavone showed in vitro larvicidal activity, with LC50 values of 0.275 mg/mL after 72 h and 0.182 mg/mL after 24 h of exposure, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate the larvicidal activity of sulphated flavonoids against A. aegypti. Our results showed that the presence of the OSO3H group attached to C-8 of the flavonoid was crucial to the larvicidal activity. This research supports the traditional use of H. velutina as an alternative insecticide for the control of A. aegypti, which is a vector for severe arboviruses, such as dengue and chikungunya.