RESUMEN
This study evaluated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum 51A on the intestinal mucosa and inflammatory response in experimental colitis. Colitis was induced by administration of 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) solution for 7 days. Two periods of administration were performed: treatment (T) group, mice received Bifidobacterium only during disease induction (7 days); total treatment (TT) group, mice received Bifidobacterium for 10 days before and during disease induction. The probiotic effects on intestinal permeability, inflammatory infiltrate, histological analysis, cytokines, chemokines and sIgA were evaluated. Bifidobacterium administration in the T group showed reduction in intestinal permeability and lower IL-1ß, myeloperoxidase, and eosinophil peroxidase levels compared to those in the colitis group (P<0.05). Bifidobacterium administration in the TT group attenuated severe lesions in the colon and reduced eosinophil peroxidase level (P<0.05). B. longum 51A treatment modality was more effective than total treatment and reduced the inflammatory response and its consequences on intestinal epithelium.
Asunto(s)
Bifidobacterium longum , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/microbiología , Colon/patología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Peroxidasa del Eosinófilo/metabolismo , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/inmunología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/microbiología , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Peroxidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Relying solely on in-person encounters to assess long-term outcomes of hernia repair leads to substantial loss of information and patients lost-to-follow-up, hindering research and quality improvement initiatives. We aimed to determine if inguinal hernia recurrences could be assessed using the Ventral Hernia Recurrence Inventory (VHRI), a previously existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool that can be administered through the telephone and has already been validated for diagnosing ventral hernia recurrence. METHODS: A prospective, multicentric comparative study was conducted. Adult patients from two centers (United States and Brazil) at least 1 year after open or minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair were asked to answer the questions of the VHRI in relation to their prior repair. A physical exam was then performed by a blinded surgeon. Testing characteristics and diagnostic performance of the PRO were calculated. Patients with suspected recurrences were preferentially recruited. RESULTS: 128 patients were enrolled after 175 repairs. All patients answered the VHRI and were further examined, where a recurrence was present in 32% of the repairs. Self-reported bulge and patient perception of a recurrence were highly sensitive (84-94%) and specific (93-94%) for the diagnosis of an inguinal hernia recurrence. Test performance was similar in the American and Brazilian populations despite several baseline differences in demographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: The VHRI can be used to assess long-term inguinal hernia recurrence and should be reestablished as the Hernia Recurrence Inventory (HRI). Its implementation in registries, quality improvement efforts, and research could contribute to improving long-term follow-up rates in hernia patients.
Asunto(s)
Hernia Inguinal/etiología , Hernia Inguinal/cirugía , Herniorrafia , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hernia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Due to the high incidence of fungal infections caused by Candida species and their increasing resistance to antimicrobial treatments, alternative therapies such as probiotics have been studied. It has been show that several species of the genus Lactobacillus have anti-Candida activity, probably by direct inhibition, through competition for adhesion sites or production of secondary metabolites, and by indirect inhibition, through stimulation of the immune system of their host. However, the mechanisms of inhibition of these probiotics on Candida species have not yet been fully elucidated since this effect is related to more than one inhibition pathway. In the literature, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been developed seeking to elucidate the probiotics mechanisms of action. These studies have been focused on C. albicans inhibition assays, including analysis of antimicrobial activity, adherence capacity, biofilms formation, filamentation and interference on virulence genes, as well as assays of experimental candidiasis in invertebrate and vertebrate models. In this context, the purpose of this review was to gather different studies focused on the action mechanism of probiotic strains on Candida sp. and to discuss their impact on the candidiasis prevention.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis/prevención & control , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Candida/patogenicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Lactobacillus/fisiología , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , VirulenciaRESUMEN
AIM: To analyse longitudinally the immune-inflammatory response in teeth of mice that underwent a regenerative protocol with or without the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to irrigate the root canal system. METHODOLOGY: First maxillary molars of mice were devitalized using size 10 and 15 files. Teeth were divided into the following groups: Empty - the canals were left empty; Blood Clot (BC) - the canals were filled with a blood clot; and EDTA + Blood - the canals were irrigated with 0.06 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min and filled with a blood clot. Access cavities were restored with Coltosol® . Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14 or 21 days after the operative procedures, and teeth were collected. RNA was extracted, mRNA expression of the cytokines IGF, NGF, IL-1α, IL-10, TGF and VEGF was assessed using real-time PCR, and the anova Kruskal-Wallis test was used. RESULTS: IL-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the EDTA + BC group than in the Empty and BC groups at the 7th and 14th days of evaluation (P < 0.05). IL-10 mRNA expression was similar across the three groups at all time periods. TGF-ß mRNA expression in the EDTA + BC group was significantly higher on the 7th and 21st days than on the 14th (P < 0.05); at day 21, TGF-ß mRNA expression was similar between the BC and EDTA + BC groups but significantly higher than in the Empty group (P < 0.05). IGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in the EDTA + BC group than in the other groups at all time periods. VEGF mRNA expression remained unchanged throughout the experimental period in all groups (P > 0.05). NGF mRNA expression was similar amongst all groups at the 7th and 21st days (P > 0.05). At the 14th day, however, there was a significant increase in NGF mRNA expression in the EDTA + Blood group (P < 0.05) when compared with the expression in the other groups. CONCLUSION: EDTA promoted increased expression of factors that have the potential to improve the outcome of regenerative endodontic treatment.
Asunto(s)
Endodoncia Regenerativa , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Animales , Ácido Edético , Ratones , Diente Molar , Tratamiento del Conducto RadicularRESUMEN
Radius and tibia bone microarchitecture, analyzed through a high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, were significantly impaired in female patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis compared with healthy controls. Acroosteolysis, quality of life-grip strength, hand disability, and disease duration were significantly associated with this bone deterioration. INTRODUCTION: The effect of diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) on the bone is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), microarchitecture, and biomechanical parameters at the distal radius and tibia using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT, XtremeCT) in female patients with dSSc and identify clinical and laboratory variables associated with these parameters. METHODS: Thirty-eight women with dSSc and 76 healthy controls were submitted to HR-pQCT at the distal radius and tibia. Clinical and laboratory findings, bone mineral density(BMD), nailfold capillaroscopy (NC), total passive range of motion(ROM), and quality of life (health assessment questionnaire-HAQ) were associated with HR-pQCT (Scanco Medical AG, Brüttisellen, Switzerland) parameters. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for clinical and laboratory variables, ROM and HAQ, were performed. RESULTS: Density, microarchitecture, and biomechanical parameters at the distal radius and tibia were significantly impaired in dSSc patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models showed that lower trabecular density (Tb.vBMD) (radius R2 = 0.561, p = 0.002; and tibia R2 = 0.533, p = 0.005), and lower trabecular number (Tb.N) (tibia R2 = 0.533, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with acroosteolysis. Higher trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was associated with disease duration and higher HAQ-grip strength (radius R2 = 0.489, p = 0.013), while cortical density (Ct.vBMD) was associated with ROM (radius R2 = 0.294, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Bone microarchitecture in patients with dSSc, analyzed through HR-pQCT, showed impairment of trabecular and cortical bone at distal radius and tibia. Variables associated with hand involvement (acroosteolysis, quality of life-grip strength, and ROM) and disease duration may be considered prognostic factors of this bone impairment.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Radio (Anatomía)/fisiopatología , Esclerodermia Difusa/fisiopatología , Tibia/fisiopatología , Acroosteólisis/etiología , Acroosteólisis/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometría/métodos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Articulaciones de los Dedos/fisiopatología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Humanos , Angioscopía Microscópica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Radio (Anatomía)/diagnóstico por imagen , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Esclerodermia Difusa/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Difusa/diagnóstico por imagen , Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: A residual bulge in the lateral abdominal wall is a reason for patient dissatisfaction after flank hernia repair (FHR). We hypothesized that combining a laparoscopically-placed intraperitoneal mesh (IPOM) with onlay hernia repair performed through a small open incision would increase repair durability and decrease such residual bulges. We aim to report our medium-term outcomes with this technique. METHODS: Patients who have undergone FHR using the technique described above from March 2013 through June 2017 were identified in a prospectively maintained database. Outcomes of interest included surgical site infections (SSI), surgical site occurrences (SSO), surgical site occurrences requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI) and hernia recurrence. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were identified (62% females; mean age 59 ± 8 years, mean body mass index 29.5 kg/m2). Mean hernia width was. 6.4 ± 3 cm and 31% were recurrent hernias previously repaired through an onlay approach. Mean operative time was 159 ± 40 min, fascial closure was achieved in all cases, and there were no intraoperative complications. Median length of stay was 3 days (IQR 3-4), and there were no unplanned readmissions or reoperations. At a median 37-month follow-up (IQR 21-55), wound morbidity rate was 12.5% (2 seromas). There were no SSI/SSOPI and one hernia recurrence (6%) was detected at 12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Combining laparoscopic IPOM with open onlay hernia repair resulted in low recurrence and acceptable wound morbidity rates, with no residual bulges noted at medium-term follow-up. Further studies with larger number of patients and other surgeon's experiences are necessary to determine the role of such technique in the surgical armamentarium for flank hernia repair.
Asunto(s)
Pared Abdominal/cirugía , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Hernia Incisional/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Cirujanos , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Músculos Abdominales/cirugía , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Recurrencia , ReoperaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The waste management of a hospital center affects people both those who receive health care and the environment that receives them. The impact on the environment of the task of peri-operative care has not yet been properly studied. It is known that of the 105 tons of garbage monthly from the health center understudy go to the landfills of the municipality. However, there are different elements, such as low-density plastics (LDP), which can be recycled. OBJECTIVE: implement a clean low-density plastics recycling program in the central Operating Room of the UC-Christus Clinical Hospital. METHODOLOGY: In this report, a prospective longitudinal study was conducted with a sample for convenience, in which an intervention was scheduled in series repeated over time from 2017 to 2018. Residents of anesthesia, anesthesiologists, nurses, nurse technicians, and hospital support personnel participated. RESULTS: In total 200 employees participated. During the pilot phase, 30 kg of plastics were quantified, later increasing to 100 kg of LDP in the subsequent phases. It began with the transfer phase to other pavilions within the healthcare center and to other centers in the metropolitan region. Finally, an alternative was started with the municipalities. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to quantify the amount of clean LPD for recycling. It was possible to involve the collaborators of the institution. This is the first program reported that involves an intervention for LPD.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El manejo de los desechos de un centro hospitalario afecta a las personas tanto a los que reciben atención de salud como también al medioambiente que recibe éstos. El impacto en el ambiente del quehacer de la atención perioperatoria aún no ha sido estudiado apropiadamente. Se sabe que 105 toneladas de basura mensuales del centro asistencial en estudio van a los vertederos de la municipalidad. Sin embargo, existen distintos elementos, como los plásticos de baja densidad (PBD), limpios los cuales pueden ser reciclados. OBJETIVO: Implementar de un programa de reciclaje de plásticos de baja de densidad limpios en el Servicio de Pabellón Central del Hospital Clínico UC-Christus. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En este reporte se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal con una muestra por conveniencia, en la cual se programó una intervención en series repetidas en el tiempo durante 2017 al 2018. Participaron residentes de anestesia, anestesiólogos, enfermeras, TENS, personal de apoyo del hospital entre otros. RESULTADOS: En total 200 colaboradores participaron. Durante la fase piloto se cuantificó 30 kg de plásticos, posteriormente, se incrementó a 100 kg de PBD en las fases posteriores. Se comenzó con la fase de transferencia hacia otros pabellones dentro del centro asistencial y hacia otros centros de la Región Metropolitana. Finalmente, se comenzó a buscar alternativa con las municipalidades. CONCLUSIONES: Se logró cuantificar la cantidad de PBD limpios para reciclar. Se logró involucrar a los colaboradores de la institución. Este es el primer programa reportado que involucra una intervención para el PBD.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Quirófanos , Plásticos , Reciclaje , Anestesiología/instrumentación , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Planificación en SaludRESUMEN
More than 1,000 patients have been admitted to the pediatric ventilatory assistance program of the Chilean Ministry of Health. There are two subprograms depending on the complexity of patients. Since 2006 we have had the non-invasive home ventilatory assistance program (AVNI in Spanish) and the home invasive ventilatory assistance program (AVI in Spanish), derived from the AVNI program in 2008. Both provide coverage for patients under the age of 20, which complements the health network by delivering technology, home visits by professionals and respiratory supplies to ensure an adequate stay at the patients' homes with their families. It is in this context that remote telemonitoring emerges as an alternative to monitor the ventilatory therapy of these patients at home, which consists of remotely monitoring all ventilatory therapy; at present, there exist different tools to achieve this goal. The objective of this review is to describe the main telemonitoring systems available in Chile and their usefulness to check respiratory therapy in patients requiring home ventilatory support. As healthcare technology advances, the survival rate of patients requiring chronic ventilatory support increases; this situation, together with the high costs of hospital management for the health system and families, has brought about, in the last few years, the creation of home ventilatory support programs in Chile's public health system. In this context, telemonitoring emerges as a tool to optimize monitoring and timely adjustment of ventilatory parameters in patients receiving ventilatory support at home. It also seeks to reduce costs and increase safety
Actualmente han ingresado al programa de asistencia ventilatoria pediátrico del Ministerio de Salud de Chile más de 1000 pacientes. Existen dos sub programas dependiendo de la complejidad de los pacientes, es así como tenemos al programa de asistencia ventilatoria no invasiva domiciliaria (AVNI), que surgió durante el año 2006, y el programa de asistencia ventilatoria invasiva domiciliaria (AVI) que nace derivado del programa AVNI a partir del año 2008. Ambos entregan cobertura a pacientes menores de 20 años, complementando a la red de salud entregando la tecnología, visitas de profesionales en domicilio y una canasta de insumos respiratorios que aseguren una adecuada estancia en domicilio de los pacientes, junto a sus familias. Es en este contexto la telemonitorización a distancia surge como una alternativa para el seguimiento de la terapia ventilatoria de éstos pacientes en domicilio, la cual consiste en la monitorización en forma remota de toda la terapia ventilatoria , existiendo diferentes herramientas en la actualidad para llevala a cabo. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los principales sistemas de telemonitorización disponibles en Chile, y su utilidad en la monitorización a distancia la terapia respiratoria de los pacientes que requieren soporte ventilatorio domiciliario. El avance de la tecnología sanitaría ha impactado en una mayor sobrevida de pacientes que requieren soporte ventilatorio crónico, el manejo hospitalario de estos pacientes tiene elevados costos para el sistema sanitario y las familias. En respuesta a esto durante los últimos años se han creado en el sistema público de salud de Chile programas de soporte ventilatorio domiciliario. En este contexto la telemonitorización surge como una herramienta que permite optimizar el seguimiento y el ajuste oportuno de los parámetros ventilatorios en los pacientes que reciben soporte ventiltorio domiciliario. Además busca disminuir los costos y aumentar la seguridad
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Telemedicina/métodos , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/etiología , Ventilación no Invasiva/métodos , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/complicaciones , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/terapiaRESUMEN
To enhance the conservation of endangered populations, the present study aimed to evaluate whether Tigrinas (Leopardus tigrinus) sperm could be conserved under refrigeration for short periods while maintaining sufficient quality for use in assisted-reproductive techniques (i.e., cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization). For this purpose, semen samples from 15 Tigrinas individuals were submitted to conventional and functional tests after different cooling periods (4 °C; 0, 12, and 24 hours postcooling), using TCM 199 (TCM), Ham's F10 (HAM), Ham's F10 with bovine serum albumin (HBSA), and Tris-citrate egg yolk (TEYC) extenders. In a second step, semen cooled using TEYC was supplemented with reduced glutathione (GSH) at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM). TEYC yielded superior results compared with TCM, HAM, and HBSA even after 24 hours of cooling in regard to the sperm motility index (SMI-TEYC: 50.2 ± 1.7%), high mitochondrial activity (TEYC: 51.4 ± 1.9%), plasma membrane integrity (TEYC: 53 ± 2.1%), and DNA integrity (TEYC: 56.3 ± 2.9%). In regard to the concentration of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS), TEYC (1900.1 ± 341.4 ng/106 spermatozoa) showed higher levels compared with the other extenders (HAM: 638.7 ± 121.6 ng/106 spermatozoa; HBSA: 468.7 ± 95.6 ng/106 spermatozoa; TCM: 169.6 ± 31.6 ng/106 spermatozoa). However, GSH therapy had no effect. In conclusion, the TEYC extender may be useful in maintaining sperm parameters of Tigrinas for up to 24 hours at 4 °C. Furthermore, these results allow the transport of this material at a minimum quality to be further used for artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and the development of semen cryopreservation protocols.
Asunto(s)
Crioprotectores/farmacología , Felidae/fisiología , Refrigeración/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Animales , Yema de Huevo/química , Glutatión/farmacología , Masculino , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-Candida effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 on Candida albicans ATCC 18804 using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS AND RESULTS: The in vitro analysis evaluated the effects of L. rhamnosus on C. albicans's biofilm formation by CFU count and metabolic activity, filamentation capacity, and adhesion (ALS3 and HWP1) and transcriptional regulatory gene (BCR1 and CPH1) expression. The in vitro results showed that both the L. rhamnosus cells and supernatant reduced C. albicans biofilm formation, filamentation and gene expression. In the in vivo study, the treatment with L. rhamnosus supernatant increased 80% the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans. Furthermore, the supernatant of L. rhamnosus recruited haemocytes into the haemolymph (2·1-fold increase). CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced the biofilm formation and filamentation of C. albicans in vitro by negatively regulating all studied C. albicans genes. Lactobacillus rhamnosus protected G. mellonella against experimental candidiasis in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study is the first study to report the anti-Candida properties of L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595. The supernatant of this strain has immunomodulatory effects on the G. mellonella model and protects the larvae against pathogens.
Asunto(s)
Antibiosis , Candida albicans/genética , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiología , Mariposas Nocturnas/inmunología , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Animales , Biopelículas , Candida albicans/fisiología , Sistema Inmunológico/inmunología , Larva/inmunología , Larva/microbiología , Mariposas Nocturnas/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismoRESUMEN
O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Gado de Leite, em delineamento quadrado latino (QL) 4x4, com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) e os índices de qualidade nutricional da gordura do leite de vacas Holandês x Gir (n = 16) sob pastejo em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu suplementada com concentrado (6kg/vaca/dia) contendo 0; 1,3; 2,6 e 3,9kg (base matéria natural) de grão de soja tostado (GST). Foram observados decréscimos lineares (P<0,0001) nas concentrações e nas secreções dos AG láurico, mirístico e palmítico e dos AG de cadeia ímpar linear e ramificada, bem como incrementos lineares (P<0,0001) nas concentrações e secreções dos AG α-linolênico, linoleico, oleico e esteárico na gordura do leite, com a inclusão do GST no concentrado. As concentrações e as secreções dos AG vacênico e rumênico apresentaram comportamento quadrático (P<0,001) em resposta à inclusão de quantidades crescentes de GST na dieta. As alterações observadas no perfil de AG do leite com o aumento da inclusão de GST no concentrado resultaram em reduções lineares (P<0,0001) nos índices de aterogenicidade e de trombogenicidade e em incrementos lineares (P<0,0001) nas relações entre AG hipo:hipercolesterolêmicos e entre AG ω-6:ω-3 da gordura do leite. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a inclusão de quantidades crescentes de GST na dieta de vacas Holandês x Gir pastejando capim-marandu apresenta potencial para a secreção de leite com gordura enriquecida com ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde humana.(AU)
The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Dairy Cattle in order to evaluate the milk fatty acid (FA) composition and indices of nutritional quality of milk fat from Holstein x Gyr cows (n = 16) grazing on Brachiaria brizanta cv. Marandu supplemented with concentrate (6 kg/cow/d) containing 0, 1.3, 2.6 and 3.9 kg (as-fed basis) of roasted soybeans (RS). A linear decrease (P<0.0001) in the content and secretion of lauric, myristic and palmitic FA, and odd- and branched-chain FA was observed, whereas the content and secretion of α-linolenic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic FA in milk fat increased linearly (P<0.0001) as the amount of RS increased in the diet. The milk fat content and secretion of vaccenic and rumenic FA increased quadratically (P<0.001) in response to dietary RS level. As a consequence of the above-mentioned changes in milk FA composition, both atherogeniticy and trombogenicity indices of milk fat were reduced linearly (P<0.0001), whereas hypo:hypercholesterolemic and ω-6:ω-3 FA ratios increased linearly (P<0.0001) in milk fat from cows fed increasing levels of RS. The results showed that dietary supplementation with increasing amounts of RS have the potential to secrete fat milk enriched fatty acids beneficial to human health.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Brachiaria/efectos adversos , Leche , Glycine max , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Ácidos Grasos , PastizalesRESUMEN
O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Gado de Leite, em delineamento quadrado latino (QL) 4x4, com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) e os índices de qualidade nutricional da gordura do leite de vacas Holandês x Gir (n = 16) sob pastejo em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu suplementada com concentrado (6kg/vaca/dia) contendo 0; 1,3; 2,6 e 3,9kg (base matéria natural) de grão de soja tostado (GST). Foram observados decréscimos lineares (P<0,0001) nas concentrações e nas secreções dos AG láurico, mirístico e palmítico e dos AG de cadeia ímpar linear e ramificada, bem como incrementos lineares (P<0,0001) nas concentrações e secreções dos AG α-linolênico, linoleico, oleico e esteárico na gordura do leite, com a inclusão do GST no concentrado. As concentrações e as secreções dos AG vacênico e rumênico apresentaram comportamento quadrático (P<0,001) em resposta à inclusão de quantidades crescentes de GST na dieta. As alterações observadas no perfil de AG do leite com o aumento da inclusão de GST no concentrado resultaram em reduções lineares (P<0,0001) nos índices de aterogenicidade e de trombogenicidade e em incrementos lineares (P<0,0001) nas relações entre AG hipo:hipercolesterolêmicos e entre AG ω-6:ω-3 da gordura do leite. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a inclusão de quantidades crescentes de GST na dieta de vacas Holandês x Gir pastejando capim-marandu apresenta potencial para a secreção de leite com gordura enriquecida com ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde humana.
The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Dairy Cattle in order to evaluate the milk fatty acid (FA) composition and indices of nutritional quality of milk fat from Holstein x Gyr cows (n = 16) grazing on Brachiaria brizanta cv. Marandu supplemented with concentrate (6 kg/cow/d) containing 0, 1.3, 2.6 and 3.9 kg (as-fed basis) of roasted soybeans (RS). A linear decrease (P<0.0001) in the content and secretion of lauric, myristic and palmitic FA, and odd- and branched-chain FA was observed, whereas the content and secretion of α-linolenic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic FA in milk fat increased linearly (P<0.0001) as the amount of RS increased in the diet. The milk fat content and secretion of vaccenic and rumenic FA increased quadratically (P<0.001) in response to dietary RS level. As a consequence of the above-mentioned changes in milk FA composition, both atherogeniticy and trombogenicity indices of milk fat were reduced linearly (P<0.0001), whereas hypo:hypercholesterolemic and ω-6:ω-3 FA ratios increased linearly (P<0.0001) in milk fat from cows fed increasing levels of RS. The results showed that dietary supplementation with increasing amounts of RS have the potential to secrete fat milk enriched fatty acids beneficial to human health.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Brachiaria/efectos adversos , Ácidos Grasos , Leche , Glycine max , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , PastizalesRESUMEN
We investigate the critical behavior of a stochastic lattice model describing a contact process in the Sierpinski carpet with fractal dimension d=log8/log3. We determine the threshold of the absorbing phase transition related to the transition between a statistically stationary active and the absorbing states. Finite-size scaling analysis is used to calculate the order parameter, order parameter fluctuations, correlation length, and their critical exponents. We report that all static critical exponents interpolate between the line of the regular Euclidean lattices values and are consistent with the hyperscaling relation. However, a short-time dynamics scaling analysis shows that the dynamical critical exponent Z governing the size dependence of the critical relaxation time is found to be larger then the literature values in Euclidean d=1 and d=2, suggesting a slower critical relaxation in scale-free lattices.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Enfermedades Asintomáticas , Hipertensión/etiología , Riñón/patología , Esclerodermia Difusa/patología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Biopsia , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerodermia Difusa/complicacionesRESUMEN
Asiaticoside is a triterpenoid present in Centella asiatica extract, responsible for the therapeutic activity of this plant in chronic liver disease. The hepatocyte is the cell responsible for the endocrine and exocrine functions of the liver, in addition to the conversion of harmful substances into non-toxic compounds that are excreted in the bile. That is why the liver is sensitive to the action of some drugs, such as paracetamol. Hence, paracetamol was used as an experimental model of liver damage, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of asiaticoside, in a standard therapeutic dose, as a hepatoprotector in Wistar rats. In this experiment, 40 animals were used and divided into two groups: those treated with asiaticoside and the untreated control group. Animals from the first group were subjected to pretreatment with the active ingredient (1mg/kg/dia P.O.) for eight days and exposed to a toxic dose of paracetamol (3 g/kg P.O.) on the eighth day. After 24 h and 72 h, these rats were sacrificed for the collection of blood samples and liver fragments. To assess hepatoprotective activity, serum enzymes (AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase) indicative of liver damage were measured and histological and morphological analyses of liver tissue were performed. The results obtained showed that asiaticoside exerted hepatoprotective action, since it promoted a reduction in histological lesions and a decrease in serum levels of AST and ALT. From these results, we conclude that asiaticoside, in the dose most commonly used in herbal medicine, protects the liver against acute hepatitis induced by paracetamol...
O asiaticosídeo é um triterpenóide presente no extrato da Centella asiatica, sendo responsável pela atividade terapêutica desta planta em doenças hepáticas crônicas. O hepatócito é a célula responsável pelas funções endócrinas e exócrinas do fígado, além de converter substâncias nocivas em materiais não tóxicos excretados pela bile. Por esse motivo, o fígado é sensível à ação de alguns fármacos, como, por exemplo, o paracetamol. Assim, utilizando o paracetamol como modelo experimental de lesão hepática, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação hepatoprotetora do asiaticosídeo, na dose estabelecida como terapêutica, em ratos Wistar. Dois grupos compostos por vinte animais cada, tratados com asiaticosídeo (1mg/kg/dia v.o.) por oito dias e não tratados foram submetidos à intoxicação com elevada dose de paracetamol (3 g/kg v.o) no oitavo dia. Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados após 24 h ou 72 h para coleta de amostras de sangue e fragmentos de fígado. Para avaliação da atividade hepatoprotetora, foi realizada a dosagem sérica de enzimas indicativas de lesão hepática (AST, ALT e Fosfatase Alcalina) e a análise histológica e morfométrica do tecido hepático. Os resultados obtidos permitiram evidenciar que na dose utilizada, o asiaticosídeo apresenta atividade hepatoprotetora, uma vez que o grupo submetido ao tratamento prévio apresentou menos lesões histológicas e menores níveis séricos de AST e ALT quando comparado ao grupo controle. Estes resultados permitem concluir que o asiaticosídeo, na dose mais usualmente empregada na fitoterapia, apresentou atividade hepatoprotetora na hepatite aguda causada por elevada dose de paracetamol...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Acetaminofén/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) due to the chronic gastroesophageal reflux. The authors report a female patient with a 9-year history of SSc and long-term use of omeprazole, who complained of paresthesia and asthenia for 12 months. Physical examination revealed clinical signs of hypocalcaemia confirmed by laboratory tests that also showed hypomagnesaemia. After exclusion of possible causes, hypomagnesaemia secondary to PPI was diagnosed and omeprazole was replaced by a histamine H2-receptor antagonist: ranitidine. Despite continuous magnesium supplementation, the reintroduction of PPI at a lower dose due to worsening of dyspeptic symptoms led to recurrence of hypomagnesaemia. After definitive suspension of PPI, reintroduction of ranitidine and optimisation of anti-reflux environmental measures, the patient stabilised. In conclusion, SSc patients using PPIs should have their magnesium and calcium serum levels measured periodically, and non-specific symptoms such as asthenia, generalised paresthesia or life-threatening manifestations (seizures, arrhythmias) should not be neglected.
Asunto(s)
Reflujo Gastroesofágico/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipocalcemia/inducido químicamente , Magnesio/sangre , Omeprazol/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/efectos adversos , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Anciano , Femenino , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/etiología , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: New evidence has lightened the linkage between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular events and associated risk factors among patients with PsA. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of medical records from consecutive PsA patients who fulfilled the CASPAR criteria for PsA attending a specialised spondyloarthritis clinic at a single referral centre. CVD was defined based on the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD) or cerebrovascular ischaemic disease events. RESULTS: We evaluated 158 PsA patients, 48.7% females and 51.3% males, aged 53.7±13.9 yrs. Mean PsA duration was 13.7±8.9 yrs and polyarticular subtype affected 66 (42%) patients. According to drug therapy, 85 (54%) were using NSAIDs and 21 (13%) low-dose prednisone; 32 (20%) were on anti-TNF agents, 94 (60%) metothrexate, 18 (11%) leflunomide, 13 (8%) sulfasalazine, 5 (3%) other immunossupressors and 4 (2.5%) were on chloroquine. Over half patients (87, 55%) had arterial hypertension (AH); 51 (32%) had dyslipidaemia (DLP), 38 (29%) hypertriglyceridemia and 36 (23%) diabetes mellitus (DM). Lipid profile was similar for both genders with mean total cholesterol= 186.5±38.6mg/dl, LDL=112.3±30.6 mg/dl, HDL= 47.89±14.6 and triglycerides= 127.4± 65.6 mg/dl. Of note, 14% PsA patients have had CVD, namely cerebrovascular or coronary heart disease. Sex, age, disease duration, joint involvement subtype, disease activity, CRP and lipid levels were similar among patients with and without CVD. The prevalence of AH (95% vs. 45%, p<0.001), DLP (75% vs. 27.7%, p<0.001) and DM (60% vs. 19%, p<0.001) were significantly greater in PsA patients who have had CVD compared to those without CVD, conferring an odds ratio of 21.0 for AH and of 5.4 for DM. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of CVD in PsA patients is influenced by increased AH and DM. Hence early recognition and specific treatment is mandatory in order to reduce the risk for CVD, avoiding early morbidity and mortality.
Asunto(s)
Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Psoriásica , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensión , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Antirreumáticos/clasificación , Artritis Psoriásica/sangre , Artritis Psoriásica/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Psoriásica/epidemiología , Artritis Psoriásica/fisiopatología , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Intervención Médica Temprana , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Gravedad del Paciente , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A five-year-old male Cocker Spaniel was presented for evaluation of the right eye due to discomfort, abundant purulent discharge and progressive enlargement of the eyeball. The owner revealed that the right eye has appeared to be inflamed and smaller then the left eye for years. Ophthalmic examination revealed corneal perforation, buphthalmia and conjuctival hyperemia. Enucleating was performed due to signs of endophthalmitis and ocular discomfort. Histopathology revealed a multilobulated proliferation of chondrocytes producing hyaline cartilage with occasional pleomorphism and binucleate cells. A diagnosis of primary intraocular chondrosarcoma was done.
Foi atendido um cão, da raça Cocker Spaniel, de cinco anos de idade, com desconforto ocular, secreção purulenta abundante e aumento progressivo do bulbo ocular. Ao exame oftálmico, evidenciaram-se perfuração corneana, buftalmia e hiperemia conjuntival. Foi realizada enucleação em decorrência do desconforto ocular intenso e dos sinais de endoftalmite. Exame histopatológico revelou proliferação multilobulada de condrócitos produzindo cartilagem hialina com pleomorfismo ocasional e células binucleadas. Foi diagnosticado condrossarcoma intraocular primário.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Condrosarcoma/patología , Neoplasias/patología , Ojo/anatomía & histología , Perros/clasificaciónRESUMEN
A five-year-old male Cocker Spaniel was presented for evaluation of the right eye due to discomfort, abundant purulent discharge and progressive enlargement of the eyeball. The owner revealed that the right eye has appeared to be inflamed and smaller then the left eye for years. Ophthalmic examination revealed corneal perforation, buphthalmia and conjuctival hyperemia. Enucleating was performed due to signs of endophthalmitis and ocular discomfort. Histopathology revealed a multilobulated proliferation of chondrocytes producing hyaline cartilage with occasional pleomorphism and binucleate cells. A diagnosis of primary intraocular chondrosarcoma was done.(AU)
Foi atendido um cão, da raça Cocker Spaniel, de cinco anos de idade, com desconforto ocular, secreção purulenta abundante e aumento progressivo do bulbo ocular. Ao exame oftálmico, evidenciaram-se perfuração corneana, buftalmia e hiperemia conjuntival. Foi realizada enucleação em decorrência do desconforto ocular intenso e dos sinais de endoftalmite. Exame histopatológico revelou proliferação multilobulada de condrócitos produzindo cartilagem hialina com pleomorfismo ocasional e células binucleadas. Foi diagnosticado condrossarcoma intraocular primário.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Neoplasias/patología , Ojo/anatomía & histología , Condrosarcoma/patología , Perros/clasificaciónRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG), os índices de qualidade nutricional e a estabilidade oxidativa (EO) de manteigas produzidas do leite de vacas alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar contendo níveis crescentes de óleo de girassol (OG): 0 (controle); 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5% da matéria seca (MS). O perfil de AG das manteigas foi analisado por cromatografia gasosa, e a EO foi determinada utilizando-se o equipamento Rancimat®, modelo 743, operado a 120ºC e fluxo de ar de 20L/h. As concentrações dos AG rumênico (CLA cis-9, trans-11), vacênico (C18:1 trans-11) e oleico (C18:1 cis-9) na gordura das manteigas foram aumentadas em 867, 687 e 148%, respectivamente, à medida que se aumentou de 0 para 4,5% o nível de OG na dieta. Por outro lado, as concentrações dos AG saturados de cadeia média foram linearmente reduzidas (P<0,0001) na gordura das manteigas, em razão do incremento de OG nas dietas. Quanto aos índices de qualidade nutricional, houve redução linear (P<0,0001) no índice de aterogenicidade e no de trombogenicidade e aumento da relação entre AG hipo e hipercolesterolêmicos, em resposta ao aumento do nível de OG na dieta. Consistente com o incremento (P<0,0001) nas concentrações totais dos AG mono e poli-insaturados, a EO da gordura das manteigas foi linearmente reduzida (P<0,0001) em razão do incremento de OG nas dietas. Concluiu-se que a suplementação com OG melhorou a qualidade nutricional das manteigas produzidas do leite de vacas Holandês x Gir devido a mudanças positivas no perfil de AG da gordura. Entretanto, tais mudanças na composição dos AG da gordura foram acompanhadas de redução da EO das manteigas, associada à menor vida de prateleira.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) profile, nutritional quality and oxidative stability (OE) indexes of butter obtained from milk of cows fed sugar cane-based diets containing increasing levels of sunflower oil (SO): 0 (Control); 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5% of diet DM. The butter FA profile was analyzed by gas chromatography and OE was determined using the Rancimat® equipment (model 743) operated at 120ºC and air flow of 20 L/h. The concentrations of rumenic acid (cis-9 trans-11 CLA), vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1) and oleic acid (cis-9 C18:1) in butter fat were increased by 867, 687 and 148%, respectively, as the dietary SO level increased from 0 to 4.5%. In contrast, the concentrations of medium chain saturated FA were linearly reduced (P<0.05) in butter fat from cows fed increasing levels of SO. Regarding the butter nutritional quality, a linear decrease (P<0.0001) in atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes and a linear increase (P<0.0001) in the hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic ratio were observed compared to control, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% SO, respectively. Consistent with the increased (P<0.0001) concentration of mono and polyunsaturated FA, the OE of butter fat was linearly reduced (P<0.0001) as the dietary SO level increased. It was concluded that diet supplementation with SO improved the nutritional quality of butter fat of Holstein x Gir dairy cows as a result of positive changes in milk FA profile. However, these changes in milk FA composition were accompanied by a reduction in the SO of butter, which in turn is associated with a shorter shelf life.