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The concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) can be increased by various anthropogenic activities such as mining, fuel combustion, pesticide use, and urban development, which can alter the mechanisms determining their spatial variability in the environment. Determining natural concentrations, monitoring, and assessing potential ecological risks are essential in the management of pollution prevention policies and soil conservation in watersheds. The aim of this study was to determine HMs natural concentrations, establish quality reference values (QRVs), and evaluate pollution indices in a watershed-scale. Composite surface soil samples (n = 115) were collected from areas: native vegetation, pasture, perennial crops, urbanization, planted forest, annual crops, and desertification. The soil samples digestion followed the EPA 3051A, and metals determination in ICP-OES. The data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation, multivariate clustering analysis and. geostatistics. The QRVs established (75th) for the Gurgueia River watershed in descending order were (mg kg-1): V (26.16) > Cr (18.06) > Pb (6.24) > Zn (3.86) > Cu (2.66) > Ni (1.45) > Co (0.57) > Mo (0.46) > Cd (0.07). The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn in types of land and management practices were significantly increased compared to those in natural vegetation. Overall, the watershed falls into the categories of minimal to moderate enrichment, moderate to considerable contamination, and low to moderate potential ecological risk, with Cd presenting elevated values. The percentages of polluted samples ranged from 14.3 to 82.5%, indicating the need for monitoring these areas to ensure environmental quality and food safety.
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Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos , Metales Pesados , Ríos , Contaminantes del Suelo , Metales Pesados/análisis , Brasil , Medición de Riesgo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Ríos/química , Suelo/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Behavior analysis is a widely used non-invasive tool in the practical production routine, as the animal acts as a biosensor capable of reflecting its degree of adaptation and discomfort to some environmental challenge. Conventional statistics use occurrence data for behavioral evaluation and well-being estimation, disregarding the temporal sequence of events. The Generalized Sequential Pattern (GSP) algorithm is a data mining method that identifies recurrent sequences that exceed a user-specified support threshold, the potential of which has not yet been investigated for broiler chickens in enriched environments. Enrichment aims to increase environmental complexity with promising effects on animal welfare, stimulating priority behaviors and potentially reducing the deleterious effects of heat stress. The objective here was to validate the application of the GSP algorithm to identify temporal correlations between heat stress and the behavior of broiler chickens in enriched environments through a proof of concept. Video image collection was carried out automatically for 48 continuous hours, analyzing a continuous period of seven hours, from 12:00 PM to 6:00 PM, during two consecutive days of tests for chickens housed in enriched and non-enriched environments under comfort and stress temperatures. Chickens at the comfort temperature showed high motivation to perform the behaviors of preening (P), foraging (F), lying down (Ld), eating (E), and walking (W); the sequences <{Ld,P}>; <{Ld,F}>; <{P,F,P}>; <{Ld,P,F}>; and <{E,W,F}> were the only ones observed in both treatments. All other sequential patterns (comfort and stress) were distinct, suggesting that environmental enrichment alters the behavioral pattern of broiler chickens. Heat stress drastically reduced the sequential patterns found at the 20% threshold level in the tested environments. The behavior of lying laterally "Ll" is a strong indicator of heat stress in broilers and was only frequent in the non-enriched environment, which may suggest that environmental enrichment provides the animal with better opportunities to adapt to stress-inducing challenges, such as heat.
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Gypsum plays a prominent role in agriculture, being considered an effective alternative to alleviate subsurface acidity due to its higher solubility and containing sulfur. However, another significant aspect is which pose long-term risks of groundwater contamination due to excessive applications of salts, pesticides, and other chemicals that will be leached, or even soil chemical depletion. So far, no study has focused on understanding the impacts of the atmospheric gypsum plume originating from gibbsite mining and processing on the leaching of soil bases and chemical degradation surrounding these sites. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of chemical characteristics in soil profiles distributed along the dispersion of the atmospheric plume and in areas without interference from the industrial sector in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Fifty-three sampling points were collected at 7 locations based on the dispersion of the dust plume through wind drift. Each sampling point was represented by three composite soil samples at depths of 0.0-0.20, 0.40-0.60, and 1.00-1.20 m, where the chemical soil characteristics were evaluated. The average levels of Ca, Mg, and K in the studied layers are classified as low, with minimum values below the method's detection limit, and they also show imbalance due to higher concentrations of Ca in the surface layer in areas affected by atmospheric dispersion. The sum and saturation of bases at all depths are classified as low. Higher aluminum saturation values were observed in the deeper soil layers. The gypsum dust altered the soil's chemical characteristics at the evaluated depths; therefore, it is necessary to seek means to mitigate gypsum dust release during gibbsite extraction and processing and ensure that the soils in areas near these enterprises maintain their natural characteristics.
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The study aimed to forecast ammonia exposure risk in broiler chicken production, correlating it with health injuries using machine learning. Two chicken breeds, fast-growing (Ross®) and slow-growing (Hubbard®), were compared at different densities. Slow-growing birds had a constant density of 32 kg m-2, while fast-growing birds had low (16 kg m-2) and high (32 kg m-2) densities. Initial feeding was uniform, but nutritional demands led to varied diets later. Environmental data underwent selection, pre-processing, transformation, mining, analysis, and interpretation. Classification algorithms (decision tree, SMO, Naive Bayes, and Multilayer Perceptron) were employed for predicting ammonia risk (10-14 pmm, Moderate risk). Cross-validation was used for model parameterization. The Spearman correlation coefficient assessed the link between predicted ammonia risk and health injuries, such as pododermatitis, vision/affected, and mucosal injuries. These injuries encompassed trachea, bronchi, lungs, eyes, paws, and other issues. The Multilayer Perceptron model emerged as the best predictor, exceeding 98% accuracy in forecasting injuries caused by ammonia. The correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong association between elevated ammonia risks and chicken injuries. Birds exposed to higher ammonia concentrations exhibited a more robust correlation. In conclusion, the study effectively used machine learning to predict ammonia exposure risk and correlated it with health injuries in broiler chickens. The Multilayer Perceptron model demonstrated superior accuracy in forecasting injuries related to ammonia (10-14 pmm, Moderate risk). The findings underscored the significant association between increased ammonia exposure risks and the incidence of health injuries in broiler chicken production, shedding light on the importance of managing ammonia levels for bird welfare.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of dispensation of mental health drugs by analyzing trends in use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]). METHODS: Pharmacoepidemiological study based on the retrospective analysis of records regarding the dispensation of psychotropic medicines in the SUS database in the state of Minas Gerais between 2018 and 2021, considering the periods before (2018-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). A database with the records of dispensation of municipalities was created, and the consistency of releases was verified using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Medicine consumption was measured in a defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants/day for SUS, and the difference between periods was evaluated using Student's t-test. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs in SUS-MG. The most consumed medicines were fluoxetine hydrochloride, diazepam and phenobarbital sodium (DDD=5.89; 3.42; 2.49) in the Basic Pharmaceutical Services Component(CBAF), and olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine hemifumarate (DDD=0.80; 0.47; 0.38) in the Specialized Pharmaceutical Services Component (CEAF). The highest percentage increase in consumption was attributed to clonazepam (75.37%) and lithium carbonate (35.35%), in CBAF, and levetiracetam (3,000.00%) and memantine hydrochloride (340.0%) in CEAF. CONCLUSION: The change in the psychotropic drug dispensation profile during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to produce more studies to complete, confirm or rule out this profile and monitor the use of psychotropic drugs by the population in the post-pandemic context.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) is an autonomic marker associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. Whether cBRS is lowered in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is yet unclear, as well as potential moderator effects of body mass index (BMI) or physical activity (PA) level. The present study aims to compare the spontaneous cBRS in PLHIV vs. HIV-uninfected controls, and to determine among PLHIV the relationship between cBRS vs. body mass index (BMI) and PA level. Total, upward (cBRS+), and downward (cBRS-) cBRS gains were assessed using the sequential method from beat-to-beat blood pressure at rest in 16 PLHIV (46.5±8.4 years) under antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, and 16 HIV-uninfected controls (CTL; 42.1±8.0 years). PA level was assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short version) overall score. PLHIV showed lower total cBRS (8.7±3.1 vs. 15.3±7.7 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01), cBRS+ (9.2±4.9 vs. 16.0±6.8 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01) and cBRS- (9.5±4.9 vs. 15.3±9.3 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01) vs. CTL. No between-group difference was found for BMI (PLHIV: 25.2±2.6 vs. CTL: 26.8±3.2 kg.m-2; p > 0.05) or IPAQ score (PLHIV: 2.4±1.0 vs. CTL: 2.0±1.4; p > 0.05). In PLHIV, total cBRS was inversely correlated vs. BMI (r = -0.44; p = 0.04), but not vs. IPAQ score (r = 0.17; p = 0.26). HIV infection may reduce spontaneous cBRS, which seemed to be moderated by higher BMI, but not PA level of PLHIV.
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Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent type of bone tumor, but slow progress has been achieved in disentangling the full set of genomic events involved in its initiation and progression. We assessed by NGS the mutational spectrum of 28 primary OSs from Brazilian patients, and identified 445 potentially deleterious SNVs/indels and 1176 copy number alterations (CNAs). TP53 was the most recurrently mutated gene, with an overall rate of ~60%, considering SNVs/indels and CNAs. The most frequent CNAs (~60%) were gains at 1q21.2q21.3, 6p21.1, and 8q13.3q24.22, and losses at 10q26 and 13q14.3q21.1. Seven cases presented CNA patterns reminiscent of complex events (chromothripsis and chromoanasynthesis). Putative RB1 and TP53 germline variants were found in five samples associated with metastasis at diagnosis along with complex genomic patterns of CNAs. PTPRQ, KNL1, ZFHX4, and DMD alterations were prevalent in metastatic or deceased patients, being potentially indicative of poor prognosis. TNFRSF11B, involved in skeletal system development and maintenance, emerged as a candidate for osteosarcomagenesis due to its biological function and a high frequency of copy number gains. A protein-protein network enrichment highlighted biological pathways involved in immunity and bone development. Our findings reinforced the high genomic OS instability and heterogeneity, and led to the identification of novel disrupted genes deserving further evaluation as biomarkers due to their association with poor outcomes.
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Neoplasias Óseas , Osteosarcoma , Humanos , Mutación , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN/genética , Inestabilidad Genómica , Osteosarcoma/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Desarrollo Óseo , Inmunidad , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas Clase 3 Similares a ReceptoresRESUMEN
DNA methylation may be involved in the development of osteosarcomas. Osteosarcomas commonly arise during the bone growth and remodeling in puberty, making it plausible to infer the involvement of epigenetic alterations in their development. As a highly studied epigenetic mechanism, we investigated DNA methylation and related genetic variants in 28 primary osteosarcomas aiming to identify deregulated driver alterations. Methylation and genomic data were obtained using the Illumina HM450K beadchips and the TruSight One sequencing panel, respectively. Aberrant DNA methylation was spread throughout the osteosarcomas genomes. We identified 3146 differentially methylated CpGs comparing osteosarcomas and bone tissue samples, with high methylation heterogeneity, global hypomethylation and focal hypermethylation at CpG islands. Differentially methylated regions (DMR) were detected in 585 loci (319 hypomethylated and 266 hypermethylated), mapped to the promoter regions of 350 genes. These DMR genes were enriched for biological processes related to skeletal system morphogenesis, proliferation, inflammatory response, and signal transduction. Both methylation and expression data were validated in independent groups of cases. Six tumor suppressor genes harbored deletions or promoter hypermethylation (DLEC1, GJB2, HIC1, MIR149, PAX6, and WNT5A), and four oncogenes presented gains or hypomethylation (ASPSCR1, NOTCH4, PRDM16, and RUNX3). Our analysis also revealed hypomethylation at 6p22, a region that contains several histone genes. Copy-number changes in DNMT3B (gain) and TET1 (loss), as well as overexpression of DNMT3B in osteosarcomas provide a possible explanation for the observed phenotype of CpG island hypermethylation. While the detected open-sea hypomethylation likely contributes to the well-known osteosarcoma genomic instability, enriched CpG island hypermethylation suggests an underlying mechanism possibly driven by overexpression of DNMT3B likely resulting in silencing of tumor suppressors and DNA repair genes.
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Neoplasias Óseas , MicroARNs , Osteosarcoma , Humanos , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Islas de CpG/genética , Metilación de ADN/genética , Epigénesis Genética , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/genética , Osteosarcoma/genética , Osteosarcoma/patología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the profile of dispensation of mental health drugs by analyzing trends in use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]). Methods: Pharmacoepidemiological study based on the retrospective analysis of records regarding the dispensation of psychotropic medicines in the SUS database in the state of Minas Gerais between 2018 and 2021, considering the periods before (2018-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). A database with the records of dispensation of municipalities was created, and the consistency of releases was verified using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Medicine consumption was measured in a defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants/day for SUS, and the difference between periods was evaluated using Student's t-test. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs in SUS-MG. The most consumed medicines were fluoxetine hydrochloride, diazepam and phenobarbital sodium (DDD=5.89; 3.42; 2.49) in the Basic Pharmaceutical Services Component(CBAF), and olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine hemifumarate (DDD=0.80; 0.47; 0.38) in the Specialized Pharmaceutical Services Component (CEAF). The highest percentage increase in consumption was attributed to clonazepam (75.37%) and lithium carbonate (35.35%), in CBAF, and levetiracetam (3,000.00%) and memantine hydrochloride (340.0%) in CEAF. Conclusion: The change in the psychotropic drug dispensation profile during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to produce more studies to complete, confirm or rule out this profile and monitor the use of psychotropic drugs by the population in the post-pandemic context.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de dispensação de medicamentos da saúde mental analisando o uso antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Estudo farmacoepidemiológico a partir da análise retrospectiva dos registros de dispensação de psicofármacos na base de dados do SUS no estado de Minas Gerais (MG) nos períodos antes (2018-2019) e durante a pandemia de COVID-19 (2020-2021). Um banco de dados com os registros de dispensação dos municípios foi elaborado, sendo verificada a consistência de lançamento pelo teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA). O consumo dos medicamentos foi mensurado em dose diária definida (DDD) por 1.000 habitantes/dia para o SUS, sendo a diferença entre os períodos avaliada pelo teste estatístico t de Student. Resultados: Durante a pandemia de COVID-19 houve aumento no consumo de psicofármacos no SUS-MG. Os medicamentos mais consumidos foram cloridrato fluoxetina, diazepam e fenobarbital sódico (DDD=5,89; 3,42; 2,49) no componente básico (CBAF), e olanzapina, risperidona e hemifumarato de quetiapina (DDD=0,80; 0,47; 0,38) no componente especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF). Os maiores aumentos percentuais no consumo foram atribuídos ao clonazepam (75,37%) e carbonato de lítio (35,35%) no CBAF e levetiracetam (3.000,00%) e cloridrato de memantina (340,00%) no CEAF. Conclusão: A alteração do perfil de dispensação de psicotrópicos durante a pandemia de COVID-19 alerta quanto à necessidade de produção de mais estudos a fim de completar, confirmar ou afastar este perfil e monitorar o uso de psicofármacos pela população no contexto pós-pandêmico.
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Objetivou-se apresentar e discutir o alcance das ações de Saúde do Trabalhador na Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS)em São Paulo. Em 2019, no contexto de um projeto temático, realizaram-se uma entrevista e dois grupos focais com profissionais inseridos em uma Unidade Básica da região norte da cidade. O material produzido foi apreciado à luz da análise temática de conteúdo. A gestão privada de parte dos serviços públicos; o esvaziamento dos direitos trabalhistas e da pauta relacionada à saúde do trabalhador; a sobrecarga das equipes da ABS que passaram a desenvolver ações de diversas linhas de cuidado; e a questão quantitativa e de abrangência territorial dos Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest) são obstáculos para a conformação e a consolidação das práticas de Saúde do Trabalhador (ST) na ABS. Tem-se como desafio o redimensionamento dos serviços e a requalificação das ações, considerando a interface produção, trabalho e saúde.(AU)
El objetivo fue presentar y discutir el alcance de las acciones de Salud del Trabajador en la Atención Básica de la Salud en São Paulo. En 2019, en el contexto de un proyecto temático, se realizó la entrevista y dos grupos focales con profesionales inseridos en una Unidad Básica de la región norte de la ciudad. El material producido fue considerado a la luz del análisis temático de contenido. La gestión privada de parte de los servicios públicos, el vaciado de los derechos laborales y de la pauta relacionada a la salud del trabajador, la sobrecarga de los equipos de la ABS que pasaron a desarrollar acciones de diversas líneas de cuidado, además de la cuestión cuantitativa y del alcance territorial de los CERESTs son obstáculos para la conformación y la consolidación de las prácticas de ST en la ABS. Se presenta como desafío el redimensionamiento de los servicios y la recalificación de las acciones, considerando la interfaz producción, trabajo y salud.(AU)
The article presents and discusses the scope of Worker's Health (WH) actions in PHC in São Paulo. Within the context of a thematic project, an interview and two focus groups were carried out with professionals working in a Basic Unit in the northern region of the city in 2019. The resulting material was assessed using thematic content analysis. The private outcontracting of part of the public services management, the decay of labor rights and agendas related to worker's health, the overload of the PHC teams that started to develop actions of different lines of care, in addition to the quantitative issue and the territorial scope of the WH Reference Center (CEREST) are obstacles to the conformation and consolidation of WH practices in PHC. There is a challenge in resizing services and requalifying actions, considering the interfaces production-work-health.(AU)
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Resumo As intervenções em ambientes, processos e situações de trabalho contemplam a prevenção de doenças, acidentes e a manutenção da saúde dos trabalhadores. Iniciaram-se no Ministério do Trabalho; foram ampliadas para a Saúde e por fim assumidas pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho. Buscou-se conhecer e dar visibilidade ao trabalhar dos atores dos diferentes setores e instituições do município de São Paulo envolvidos nessas intervenções e compreender entraves e consequências dos limites da intersetorialidade. Entre 2017 e 2019 realizou-se grupos de reflexão sobre o trabalho com profissionais do MT, Saúde e MPT. Para a produção de dados e análise do material, utilizou-se o referencial da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Os três setores estão intimamente ligados nos seus objetivos, mas em São Paulo, seguem com dificuldades em consolidar a intersetorialidade prevista nas políticas de saúde e segurança no trabalho. Apesar de existirem parcerias pontuais, somar suas especificidades de ação, reconhecer e respeitar reciprocamente a expertise de cada um, evitar sobreposições, e construir práticas conjuntas, cooperativas e colaborativas é um desafio.
Abstract Interventions in work environments, processes, and situations encompass the prevention of diseases and accidents and workers' health promotion. Historically, these actions were originally the responsibility of the Ministry of Labor, being extended to the Ministry of Health, and later to the Ministry of Labor. The aim of this study was to understand and give visibility to the work of the actors working in the different sectors and institutions involved in health and safety at work in the municipality of São Paulo and gain an insight into the barriers to intersectorality and the consequences of the lack of intersectoral collaboration for this area. Work reflection groups were created between 2017 and 2019 with professionals working in the abovementioned ministries and in the Labor Prosecution Office. The data were produced and analyzed drawing on the theoretical bases of the psychodynamics of work. Despite having intrinsically linked objectives, these three bodies in São Paulo continue to encounter difficulties in consolidating intersectorality as envisioned in occupational health and safety policies. Despite sporadic partnerships, merging specific actions, recognizing and mutually respecting each other's expertise, avoiding overlaps, and building joint, cooperative, and collaborative practices remain challenges.
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OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate thermal damage and cutting efficiency of micro and super pulsed diode lasers. The secondary aim was to suggest a guideline to perform simple surgical excisions adequate for histopathological evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten groups of 10 specimens of pig tongues were excised using a blade (G1), a micro pulsed (G2-G9), and a super pulsed diode (G10) lasers. Different output power, pulse duration, pulse interval, and duty cycle were tested. Quantitative measures of thermal damage and excision times were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The control group (G1) presented no thermal damage. Within the laser groups (G2-G10), no statistically significant differences in depth of thermal damage (µm) were noted. G3 showed significantly less area of thermal damage (mm2 ) when compared with G7 and G9 (p < .05). The median excision time of the control group and super pulsed diode laser group were significantly lower (p < .001) than the micro pulsed diode laser groups. CONCLUSIONS: The cutting efficiency of the super pulsed diode laser is comparable to traditional blade, and with appropriate parameters, these lasers can produce predictable surgical outcomes with less collateral damage.
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Terapia por Láser , Láseres de Semiconductores , Porcinos , Animales , Láseres de Semiconductores/uso terapéutico , Terapia por Láser/efectos adversos , LenguaRESUMEN
Interventions in work environments, processes, and situations encompass the prevention of diseases and accidents and workers' health promotion. Historically, these actions were originally the responsibility of the Ministry of Labor, being extended to the Ministry of Health, and later to the Ministry of Labor. The aim of this study was to understand and give visibility to the work of the actors working in the different sectors and institutions involved in health and safety at work in the municipality of São Paulo and gain an insight into the barriers to intersectorality and the consequences of the lack of intersectoral collaboration for this area. Work reflection groups were created between 2017 and 2019 with professionals working in the abovementioned ministries and in the Labor Prosecution Office. The data were produced and analyzed drawing on the theoretical bases of the psychodynamics of work. Despite having intrinsically linked objectives, these three bodies in São Paulo continue to encounter difficulties in consolidating intersectorality as envisioned in occupational health and safety policies. Despite sporadic partnerships, merging specific actions, recognizing and mutually respecting each other's expertise, avoiding overlaps, and building joint, cooperative, and collaborative practices remain challenges.
As intervenções em ambientes, processos e situações de trabalho contemplam a prevenção de doenças, acidentes e a manutenção da saúde dos trabalhadores. Iniciaram-se no Ministério do Trabalho; foram ampliadas para a Saúde e por fim assumidas pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho. Buscou-se conhecer e dar visibilidade ao trabalhar dos atores dos diferentes setores e instituições do município de São Paulo envolvidos nessas intervenções e compreender entraves e consequências dos limites da intersetorialidade. Entre 2017 e 2019 realizou-se grupos de reflexão sobre o trabalho com profissionais do MT, Saúde e MPT. Para a produção de dados e análise do material, utilizou-se o referencial da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Os três setores estão intimamente ligados nos seus objetivos, mas em São Paulo, seguem com dificuldades em consolidar a intersetorialidade prevista nas políticas de saúde e segurança no trabalho. Apesar de existirem parcerias pontuais, somar suas especificidades de ação, reconhecer e respeitar reciprocamente a expertise de cada um, evitar sobreposições, e construir práticas conjuntas, cooperativas e colaborativas é um desafio.
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Salud Laboral , Humanos , Brasil , Lugar de Trabajo , Promoción de la Salud , PolíticasRESUMEN
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic and spontaneously relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD includes two idiopathic disorders: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In particular, UC causes inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. There is no cure for UC. The pharmacological treatment is aimed at controlling and/or reducing the inflammatory process and promoting disease remission. The present study investigated the possible protective effects of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) isolated from yellow passion fruit peel in the dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis model in mice, induced by 5% of DSS. The animals were treated with SDF (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg (po)), and the disease activity index was monitored. Colon tissues were collected, measured, and prepared for oxidative stress, inflammation, and histology analysis. SDF improved body weight loss, colon length, and disease activity index and prevented colonic oxidative stress by regulating GSH levels and SOD activity. Furthermore, SDF reduced colonic MPO activity, TNF-α, and IL-1ß levels and increased IL-10 and IL-6 levels. As observed by histological analysis, SDF treatment preserved the colonic tissue, the mucus barrier, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Although this is a preliminary study, taken together, our data indicate that SDF may improve the course of DSS-UC. More studies are needed to explore and understand how SDF promotes this protection.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Colitis , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Passiflora , Animales , Ratones , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colon , Citocinas , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidad , Fibras de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Frutas , Inflamación/patología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/patología , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-6 , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Polisacáridos , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The ultrarare hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. HB risk is related to a few rare syndromes, and the molecular bases remain elusive for most cases. We investigated the burden of rare damaging germline variants in 30 Brazilian patients with HB and the presence of additional clinical signs. A high frequency of prematurity (20%) and birth defects (37%), especially craniofacial (17%, including craniosynostosis) and kidney (7%) anomalies, was observed. Putative pathogenic or likely pathogenic monoallelic germline variants mapped to 10 cancer predisposition genes (CPGs: APC, CHEK2, DROSHA, ERCC5, FAH, MSH2, MUTYH, RPS19, TGFBR2 and VHL) were detected in 33% of the patients, only 40% of them with a family history of cancer. These findings showed a predominance of CPGs with a known link to gastrointestinal/colorectal and renal cancer risk. A remarkable feature was an enrichment of rare damaging variants affecting different classes of DNA repair genes, particularly those known as Fanconi anemia genes. Moreover, several potentially deleterious variants mapped to genes impacting liver functions were disclosed. To our knowledge, this is the largest assessment of rare germline variants in HB patients to date, contributing to elucidate the genetic architecture of HB risk.
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PURPOSE: Trypanosoma caninum exhibits atypical epimastigote forms under axenic conditions. This study aimed to analyze this evolutionary form under different cultivation conditions and provide more information about this evolutionary form. METHODS: We selected a T. caninum isolate with a high percentage of aflagellar epimastigote forms in axenic cultures. Two separate growth curves were generated for T. caninum cultured in Schneider axenic medium and co-cultured with the DH82 cell line, followed by analysis and quantification of evolutionary forms using bright field microscopy. In addition, ultrastructural analysis of T. caninum was performed under both cultivation conditions. RESULTS: The growth curves of T. caninum under axenic and co-cultivation conditions exhibited similar profiles. However, in the axenic culture, the number of parasites was three times higher at the peak of the exponential phase than in the co-culture. In contrast to that in the axenic culture, in which only the epimastigote forms were observed along the entire curve, during co-cultivation with the DH82 cell line, differentiation was observed for the trypomastigote and spheromastigote forms in low proportions. These results demonstrated that when cultured alone, the T. caninum isolate preserved the aflagellar epimastigote form, but in the presence of DH82 canine macrophages, they differentiated into evolutionary forms, particularly trypomastigote forms. Moreover, this study is the first to describe the presence of lipid bodies, structure described as the parasite's nutritional reserve, throughout the body of T. caninum. CONCLUSIONS: These findings describe biological and ultrastructural aspects of epimastigote aflagellar and suggest that this evolutionary form may be involved in the biological cycle of T. caninum, still unknown.
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Trypanosoma cruzi , Animales , Cultivo Axénico , Línea Celular , Medios de Cultivo , Perros , Macrófagos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog) represents a reliable sentinel for the occurrence of a well-established transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi among wild mammals in the surroundings and, consequently, where the risk of human infection exists. Serological diagnosis is the chosen method to identify T. cruzi infection in dogs that, in Brazil, rarely present positive parasitological tests. The use of recombinant chimeric parasitic antigens results in a sensitive and specific serological diagnostic test in contrast to the use of crude T. cruzi antigens. Our objective was to evaluate the Chagas/Bio-Manguinhos Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Rapid Test (Chagas-LFRT) for the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection in domestic dogs and the potential of application of this diagnostic platform to wild canid species. Two recombinant proteins (IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4) that displayed the best performance in the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in previous studies were tested in a platform with two diagnostic bands. A panel of 281 dog serum samples was evaluated: 133 positive for T. cruzi by serological diagnosis, including 20 samples with positive blood cultures belonging to different discrete typing units (DTUs); 129 negative samples; and 19 samples from dogs infected by other trypanosomatids: Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma rangeli, Trypanosoma caninum and Crithidia mellificae, in addition to samples infected by Anaplasma platys, Dirofilaria immitis and Erlichia sp. that were employed to evaluate eventual cross-reactions. We also evaluated the Chagas-LFRT to detect T. cruzi infection in 9 serum samples from six wild canid species. We observed that the intensity pattern of the bands was directly proportional to the serological titer observed in IFAT. The sensitivity was 94%, the specificity was 91% according to the ROC curve, and the defined cutoff was an optical density of 4.8. The agreement obtained was considered substantial by the kappa analysis (84%). From T. cruzi positive hemoculture samples, 88.9% were positive by Chagas-LFRT. The test was efficient in recognizing infections by five of the six T. cruzi DTUs. Cross-reactions were not observed in infections by L. infantum, T. rangeli, T. caninum and D. immitis; however, they were observed in sera of dogs infected by Crithidia mellificae, Anaplasma sp. and Erlichia sp. A strong reaction was observed when serum samples from wild canids were submitted to the Protein A affinity test, confirming its applicability for these species. This test will allow rapid preventive actions in areas with high risk to the emergence of Chagas disease in a safer, reliable, low-cost and immediate manner, without the need for more complex laboratory tests.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas , Leishmania infantum , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animales , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Chagas/veterinaria , Perros , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Mamíferos , Pruebas SerológicasRESUMEN
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare embryonal tumor, although it is the most common pediatric liver cancer. The aim of this study was to provide an accurate cytogenomic profile of this type of cancer, for which information in cancer databases is lacking. We performed an extensive literature review of cytogenetic studies on HBs disclosing that the most frequent copy number alterations (CNAs) are gains of 1q, 2/2q, 8/8q, and 20; and losses at 1p and 4q. Furthermore, the CNA profile of a Brazilian cohort of 26 HBs was obtained by array-CGH; the most recurrent CNAs were the same as shown in the literature review. Importantly, HBs from female patients, high-risk stratification tumors, tumors who developed in older patients (> 3 years at diagnosis) or from patients with metastasis and/or deceased carried a higher diversity of chromosomal alterations, specifically chromosomal losses at 1p, 4, 11q and 18q. In addition, we distinguished three major CNA profiles: no detectable CNA, few CNAs and tumors with complex genomes. Tumors with simpler genomes exhibited a significant association with the epithelial fetal subtype of HBs; in contrast, the complex genome group included three cases with epithelial embryonal histology, as well as the only HB with HCC features. A significant association of complex HB genomes was observed with older patients who developed high-risk tumors, metastasis, and deceased. Moreover, two patients with HBs exhibiting complex genomes were born with congenital anomalies. Together, these findings suggest that a high load of CNAs, mainly chromosomal losses, particularly losses at 1p and 18, increases the tendency to HB aggressiveness. Additionally, we identified six hot-spot chromosome regions most frequently affected in the entire group: 1q31.3q42.3, 2q23.3q37.3, and 20p13p11.1 gains, besides a 5,3 Mb amplification at 2q24.2q24.3, and losses at 1p36.33p35.1, 4p14 and 4q21.22q25. An in-silico analysis using the genes mapped to these six regions revealed several enriched biological pathways such as ERK Signaling, MicroRNAs in Cancer, and the PI3K-Akt Signaling, in addition to the WNT Signaling pathway; further investigation is required to evaluate if disturbances of these pathways can contribute to HB tumorigenesis. The analyzed gene set was found to be associated with neoplasms, abnormalities of metabolism/homeostasis and liver morphology, as well as abnormal embryonic development and cytokine secretion. In conclusion, we have provided a comprehensive characterization of the spectrum of chromosomal alterations reported in HBs and identified specific genomic regions recurrently altered in a Brazilian HB group, pointing to new biological pathways, and relevant clinical associations.
RESUMEN
A angústia é um conceito fundamental na clínica fenomenológica-existencial. Essa disposição afetiva tem na obra de Martin Heidegger um privilégio em relação às outras disposições, uma vez que ela, em seu caráter ontológico, é o motor da existência humana. O presente artigo se propôs a compreender a angústia como reveladora da verdade do Ser-aí no processo psicoterapêutico, com base nas contribuições do filósofo Heidegger e seus comentadores, sobretudo expoentes da psicologia fenomenológica-existencial. Perguntas como "Qual a verdade do Ser-aí?" e "O que a angústia revela dessa verdade?", nortearam a construção desta obra. O estudo se caracteriza enquanto pesquisa qualitativa, cuja metodologia é a pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontaram que a angústia revela a verdade do Ser-aí. O que chamamos de verdade é a essência deste ente: ter de ser. Ela aponta para seu caráter ontológico de abertura, para suas possibilidades, seu poder-ser mais próprio, liberdade e ao desvelamento do sentido do Ser. Por fim, a angústia ontológica, não restrita ao processo psicoterápico, movimenta o Ser-aí e revela possibilidades que por meio do cuidado torna possível a sua singularização. Dessa maneira, é essencial que o psicoterapeuta compreenda a angústia, facilitando ao paciente a apropriação e a responsabilização daquilo que ela revela.
Anguish is a fundamental concept in the phenomenological-existential clinic. This affective disposition has in Martin Heidegger's work a privilege over other dispositions, since it, in its ontological character, is the engine of human existence. This paper aims to understand anguish as revealing the truth of Being-there in the psychotherapeutic process, based on the contributions of philosopher Heidegger and his commentators, especially exponents of phenomenological-existential psychology. Questions such as "What is the truth of Being-there?" And "What does anguish reveal about this truth?" Guided the construction of this work. The study is characterized as a qualitative research, whose methodology is bibliographic research. The results indicated that anguish reveals the truth of Being-there. What we call the truth is the essence of this being: having to be. It points to its ontological character of openness, its possibilities, its own power-being, freedom and the unveiling of the meaning of Being. Finally, the ontological anguish, not restricted to the psychotherapeutic process, moves Being-there and reveals possibilities that, by their very nature. through care makes its uniqueness possible. Thus, it is essential for the psychotherapist to understand distress, facilitating the patient's appropriation and accountability of what it reveals.
La angustia es un concepto fundamental en la clínica fenomenológica-existencial. Esta disposición afectiva tiene en el trabajo de Martin Heidegger un privilegio sobre otras disposiciones, ya que, en su carácter ontológico, es el motor de la existencia humana. Este artículo tiene como objetivo entender la angustia como la revelación de la verdad del Ser-ahí en el proceso psicoterapéutico, basado en las contribuciones del filósofo Heidegger y sus comentaristas, especialmente los exponentes de la psicología fenomenológica-existencial. Preguntas como "¿Cuál es la verdad del Ser-ahí?" Y "¿Qué revela la angustia acerca de esta verdad?" Orientaron la construcción de este trabajo. El estudio se caracteriza por ser una investigación cualitativa, cuya metodología es la investigación bibliográfica. Los resultados señalaron que la angustia revela la verdad del Ser-ahí. Lo que llamamos la verdad es la esencia de este sujeito: tener que ser. Apunta a su carácter ontológico de apertura, a sus posibilidades, a su poderser más proprio, la libertad y el desvelamineto del significado del Ser. Finalmente, la angustia ontológica, no restringida al proceso psicoterapéutico, mueve el Ser-ahí y revela posibilidades que, por su propia naturaleza. a través del cuidado hace posible su singularidad. Por lo tanto, es esencial que el psicoterapeuta entienda la angustia, facilitando la apropiación y la responsabilidad del paciente de lo que se revela.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Psicoterapia , Afecto , Distrés Psicológico , Revelación de la Verdad , Procesos Psicoterapéuticos , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
Trypanosomatids are diverse and can infect several host species, including small mammals (rodents and marsupials). Between 2012 and 2014, 91 small mammals were surveyed for trypanosomatid infection in the Estação Biológica FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica (EFMA), an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro that presents different levels of conserved and degraded areas. Blood, skin, liver, and spleen samples were submitted to parasitological, serological, and molecular assays to detect the infection and determine the taxonomic status of their parasites. Sixty-eight individuals (74.7%; n = 91) were infected by trypanosomatids, including fourteen mixed infected by different trypanosomatid parasites. These hosts were infected by: T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 12), T. cruzi DTU TcIV (n = 2), T. janseni (n = 15), T. dionisii (n = 1), and T. rangeli A (n = 1) detected in blood or tissue cultures, in addition to T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 9) and Leishmania sp. (n = 1) only by the molecular diagnosis. Serological diagnosis was positive in 38 (71.6%) individuals for T. cruzi, the same amount for Leishmania spp., and 23 (43.3%) individuals were mixed infected. These data indicate a remarkable richness of trypanosomatid species/genotypes infecting small mammals, even in a disturbed area with low mammal species diversity-as is the case of the EFMA-reinforcing the generalist aspect of these parasites.