RESUMEN
In a comparative study of erythrocyte metabolism of vertebrates, the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) of the Brazilian opossum Didelphis marsupialis in a hemolysate was shown to be high, 207 +/- 38 IU g-1 Hb-1 min-1 at 37 degrees C, compared to the human erythrocyte activity of 12 +/- 2 IU g-1 Hb-1 min-1 at 37 degrees C. The apparent high specific activity of the mixture led us to investigate the physicochemical properties of the opossum enzyme. We report that reduced glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes was only 50% higher than in human erythrocytes, a value lower than expected from the high G6PD activity since GSH is maintained in a reduced state by G6PD activity. The molecular mass, determined by G-200 Sephadex column chromatography at pH 8.0, was 265 kDa, which is essentially the same as that of human G6PD (260 kDa). The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km: 55 microM) for glucose-6-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Km: 3.3 microM) were similar to those of the human enzyme (Km: 50-70 and Km: 2.9-4.4, respectively). A 450-fold purification of the opossum enzyme was achieved and the specific activity of the purified enzyme, 90 IU/mg protein, was actually lower than the 150 IU/mg protein observed for human G6PD. We conclude that G6PD after purification from the hemolysate of D. marsupialis does not have a high specific activity. Thus, it is quite probable that the red cell hyperactivity reported may be explained by increased synthesis of G6PD molecules per unit of hemoglobin or to reduced inactivation in the RBC hemolysate.
Asunto(s)
Didelphis/sangre , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Animales , Brasil , Cromatografía , Eritrocitos/química , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/aislamiento & purificación , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
In a comparative study of erythrocyte metabolism of vertebrates, the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) of the Brazilian opossum Didelphis marsupialis in a hemolysate was shown to be high, 207 ± 38 IU g-1 Hb-1 min-1 at 37°C, compared to the human erythrocyte activity of 12 ± 2 IU g-1 Hb-1 min-1 at 37°C. The apparent high specific activity of the mixture led us to investigate the physicochemical properties of the opossum enzyme. We report that reduced glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes was only 50 percent higher than in human erythrocytes, a value lower than expected from the high G6PD activity since GSH is maintained in a reduced state by G6PD activity. The molecular mass, determined by G-200 Sephadex column chromatography at pH 8.0, was 265 kDa, which is essentially the same as that of human G6PD (260 kDa). The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km: 55 æM) for glucose-6-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Km: 3.3 æM) were similar to those of the human enzyme (Km: 50-70 and Km: 2.9-4.4, respectively). A 450-fold purification of the opossum enzyme was achieved and the specific activity of the purified enzyme, 90 IU/mg protein, was actually lower than the 150 IU/mg protein observed for human G6PD. We conclude that G6PD after purification from the hemolysate of D. marsupialis does not have a high specific activity. Thus, it is quite probable that the red cell hyperactivity reported may be explained by increased synthesis of G6PD molecules per unit of hemoglobin or to reduced inactivation in the RBC hemolysate.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Didelphis/sangre , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Brasil , Cromatografía , Eritrocitos/química , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/aislamiento & purificación , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
Eighty micrograms red blood cell (RBC) ghosts from patients who had previously exhibited the cutaneous form of loxoscelism (presenting localized dermonecrosis) and the viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism (presenting dermonecrosis, hemoglobinuria, hematuria, and jaundice) and from controls were incubated with 2.5 microg crude Loxosceles gaucho venom in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37 C. Among all membrane proteins, quantitative proteolysis of the important integral transmembrane protein 3 increased with venom dose and with incubation time from 30 to 120 min, as demonstrated by gel densitometry. Similar quantitative data were obtained for RBC ghosts from patients and from control subjects, a fact that argues against the possibility of genetic factors favoring the hemolytic viscerocutaneous form. These data suggest that the clinical forms may be different types of the same disease, with the viscerocutaneous form being the result of large amounts of intravascularly injected venom and the superficial form being the result of in situ venom action. Since protein 3 is a housekeeping integral membrane protein, whose genetic deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia, it is reasonable to relate it to the hemolysis which occurs in the viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism. The venom protease responsible for the process was not inhibited after 120-min incubation by 0.2 mM paramethylsulfonyl fluoride or by 0.2 mM N-ethylmaleimide but was inhibited by 25 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (a calcium-chelating agent) in 5 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, which suggests that the enzyme is a calcium-dependent metalloprotease.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Serina Endopeptidasas/farmacología , Venenos de Araña/enzimología , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Densitometría , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Proteínas de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrolasas Diéster Fosfóricas , Mordeduras de Serpientes/sangreRESUMEN
Eighty micrograms red blood cell (RBC) ghosts from patients who had previously exhibited the cutaneous form of loxoscelism (presenting localized dermonecrosis) and the viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism (presenting dermonecrosis, hemoglobinuria, hematuria, and jaundice) and from controls were incubated with 2.5 æg crude Loxosceles gaucho venom in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37ºC. Among all membrane proteins, quantitative proteolysis of the important integral transmembrane protein 3 increased with venom dose and with incubation time from 30 to 120 min, as demonstrated by gel densitometry. Similar quantitative data were obtained for RBC ghosts from patients and from control subjects, a fact that argues against the possibility of genetic factors favoring the hemolytic viscerocutaneous form. These data suggest that the clinical forms may be different types of the same disease, with the viscerocutaneous form being the result of large amounts of intravascularly injected venom and the superficial form being the result of in situ venom action. Since protein 3 is a housekeeping integral membrane protein, whose genetic deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia, it is reasonable to relate it to the hemolysis which occurs in the viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism. The venom protease responsible for the process was not inhibited after 120-min incubation by 0.2 mM paramethylsulfonyl fluoride or by 0.2 mM N-ethylmaleimide but was inhibited by 25 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (a calcium-chelating agent) in 5 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, which suggests that the enzyme is a calcium-dependent metalloprotease
Asunto(s)
Animales , Membrana Eritrocítica , Hemólisis , Metaloendopeptidasas , Venenos de Araña , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Densitometría , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Hidrólisis , Hidrolasas Diéster FosfóricasRESUMEN
Fetal hemoglobin was measured in HIV1/2 patients under treatment with combined therapy (zidovudine and a protease inhibitor). A total of 143 patients and 103 normal individuals were investigated by the quantitative method of Betke and the semi-quantitative acid elution method of Kleihauer. In the normal person, hemoglobin F makes up less than 1 percent and an increase higher than 1.5 percent was observed in 21.4 percent of HIV patients by the method of Betke and in 24.8 percent of HIV-infected patients by the method of Kleihauer. The quantitative biochemical method of Betke showed that the populations were significantly different (two-tailed Mann-Whitney test). The reason for this hemoglobin F increase might be ascribed to the effect of zidovudine or to direct viral action on gamma chain expression. The finding of a higher F cell frequency indicated by the method of Kleihauer rather suggests that there is an increased F cell clone proliferation rather than an increase in hemoglobin F level in every cell
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hemoglobina Fetal/análisis , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Células Precursoras Eritroides/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de la Proteasa del VIH/uso terapéutico , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Zidovudina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Fetal hemoglobin was measured in HIV1/2 patients under treatment with combined therapy (zidovudine and a protease inhibitor). A total of 143 patients and 103 normal individuals were investigated by the quantitative method of Betke and the semi-quantitative acid elution method of Kleihauer. In the normal person, hemoglobin F makes up less than 1% and an increase higher than 1.5% was observed in 21.4% of HIV patients by the method of Betke and in 24.8% of HIV-infected patients by the method of Kleihauer. The quantitative biochemical method of Betke showed that the populations were significantly different (two-tailed Mann-Whitney test). The reason for this hemoglobin F increase might be ascribed to the effect of zidovudine or to direct viral action on gamma chain expression. The finding of a higher F cell frequency indicated by the method of Kleihauer rather suggests that there is an increased F cell clone proliferation rather than an increase in hemoglobin F level in every cell.
Asunto(s)
Hemoglobina Fetal/análisis , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Células Precursoras Eritroides/efectos de los fármacos , Hemoglobina Fetal/metabolismo , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Proteasa del VIH/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Zidovudina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: The preservative solution ADSOL (adenine, dextrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride and mannitol) maintains red cell viability for blood trans-fusion for 6 weeks. It would be useful to know about its preservation qualities over longer periods. OBJECTIVE: To determine some red cell biochemical parameters for peri-ods of up to 14 weeks in order to determine whether the red cell metabo-lism integrity would justify further studies aiming at increasing red cell preservation and viability. DESIGN: Biochemical evaluation designed to study red cell preservation. SETTING: São Paulo University erythrocyte metabolism referral center. SAMPLE: Six normal blood donors from the University Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Weekly assay of erythrocyte adenosine-5;-triphosphate (ATP), 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG), hexokinase (HX), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD), glutathione reduc-tase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), plasma sodium and potas-sium, blood pH, and membrane proteins of red cells preserved in ADSOL were studied during storage for 14 weeks storage. RESULTS: During ADSOL preservation, erythrocyte ATP concentration decreased 60% after 5 weeks, and 90% after 10 weeks; the pH fell from 6.8 to 6. 4 by the 14th week. 2,3-DPG concentration was stable during the first week, but fell 90% after 3 weeks and was exhausted after 5 weeks. By the end of the 5th week, an activity decrease of 16-30% for Hx, GAPD, GR, G-6-PD and 6-PGD, 35% for PFK and GSHPx, and 45% for PK were observed. Thereafter, a uniform 10% decay was observed for all enzymes up to the 14th week. The red blood cell membrane pro-teins did not show significant alterations in polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (SDS-PAGE) during the 14 weeks. CONCLUSION: Although the blood viability was shown to be poor from the 6th week up to the 14th week of storage due to ATP and 2,3-DPG depletion, the other biochemical parameters remained in fairly good condition for longer storage. As there is a gradual and uniform decay in activity throughout these 14 weeks, it seems that ADSOL-preserved red cells may be used as red cell enzyme standards and membrane proteins as well.
Asunto(s)
Adenina , Conservación de la Sangre , Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimología , Glucosa , Manitol , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Cloruro de Sodio , 2,3-Difosfoglicerato/análisis , Adenosina Trifosfato/análisis , Adulto , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Membrana Eritrocítica/química , Femenino , Glucólisis , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidorreductasas/análisisRESUMEN
Erythrocyte membrane proteins from 44 representative mammals were studied. Protein 4.2 was not detected in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (N = 14), Southern Brazilian swamp large rats (Myocastor coypus) (N = 2), cutias (Dasyprocta sp) (N = 4), and horses (Equus caballus) (N = 13). These animals also presented high ankyrin concentrations except for the horse which did not exhibit a sharp band, although minor components located between proteins 2 and 3 could account for the ankyrin family. The rodents studied did present band 6, which was not detectable in other common rodents such as white rats (Rattus norvegicus) (N = 9) and mice (Mus musculus) (N = 12). Since the absence of protein 4.2 does not disrupt the cytoskeleton membrane, we suggest that it is not an essential protein. Its absence may be compensated physiologically by the higher ankyrin concentration observed.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas del Citoesqueleto , Membrana Eritrocítica , Animales , Eritrocitos/citología , Cobayas , Caballos , Mamíferos , RatasRESUMEN
Erythrocyte membrane proteins from 44 representative mammals were studied. Protein 4.2 was not detected in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (N = 14), Southern Brazilian swamp large rats (Myocastor coypus) (N = 2), cutias (Dasyprocta sp) (N = 4), and horses (Equus caballus) (N = 13). These animals also presented high ankyrin concentrations except for the horse which did not exhibit a sharp band, although minor components located between proteins 2 and 3 could account for the ankyrin family. The rodents studied did present band 6, which was not detectable in other common rodents such as white rats (Rattus norvegicus) (N = 9) and mice (Mus musculus) (N = 12). Since the absence of protein 4.2 does not disrupt the cytoskeleton membrane, we suggest that it is not an essential protein. Its absence may be compensated physiologically by the higher ankyrin concentration observed.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Cobayas , Ratas , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto , Membrana Eritrocítica , Eritrocitos/citología , Caballos , MamíferosRESUMEN
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and the affinity for its substrate glucose-6-phosphate were investigated under conditions similar to the physiological environment in terms of ionic strength (I: 0.188), cation concentration, pH 7.34, and temperature (37oC). A 12.4, 10.4 and 21.4 percent decrease was observed in G6PD B, G6PD A+ and G6PD A- activities, respectively. A Km increase of 95.1, 94.4 and 95.4 percent was observed in G6PD B, G6PD A+ and G6PD A-, respectively, leading to a marked decrease in affinity. In conclusion, the observation of the reduced activity and affinity for its natural substrate reflects the actual pentose pathway rate. It also suggests a much lower NADPH generation, which is crucial mostly in G6PD-deficient individuals, whose NADPH availability is poor
Asunto(s)
Ambiente , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Sanguíneos , Concentración OsmolarRESUMEN
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and the affinity for its substrate glucose-6-phosphate were investigated under conditions similar to the physiological environment in terms of ionic strength (I: 0.188), cation concentration, pH 7.34, and temperature (37 degrees C). A 12.4, 10.4 and 21.4% decrease was observed in G6PD B, G6PD A+ and G6PD A- activities, respectively. A Km increase of 95.1, 94.4 and 95.4% was observed in G6PD B, G6PD A+ and G6PD A-, respectively, leading to a marked decrease in affinity. In conclusion, the observation of the reduced activity and affinity for its natural substrate reflects the actual pentose pathway rate. It also suggests a much lower NADPH generation, which is crucial mostly in G6PD-deficient individuals, whose NADPH availability is poor.
Asunto(s)
Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Sanguíneos , Ambiente , Concentración OsmolarRESUMEN
Red blood cells (RBC) are viable if kept in an adequate preservative solution, although gradual changes in morphology and metabolism may occur. There is a gradual decrease in adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) concentration, pH, glucose consumption, and enzyme activity during preservation. The normal discocyte shapes are initially replaced by echinocytes and stomatocytes and, at final stages, by spherocytes, the last step before splenic sequestration. Post-transfusional survival has been correlated with the ATP concentration. RBC preserved in ADSOL, a solution containing adenine, dextrose, sodium chloride, and mannitol, are viable for transfusion for up to 6 weeks. Erythrocytes from 10 blood units taken from healthy adult donors were preserved for 12 weeks in ADSOL at 4 degrees C. We now report a significant correlation (r2 = 0.98) between the percentage of discocytes (89 to 7%) and ATP (100 to 10%) concentration in ADSOL-preserved RBC. The results suggest that the percent of discocyte shapes used as an indicator of ATP concentration may be a useful indicator for quality control of RBC viability in centers which have limited assay facilities.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfato/sangre , Conservación de la Sangre , Transfusión Sanguínea , Eritrocitos/fisiología , Adulto , Supervivencia Celular , HumanosRESUMEN
Red blood cells (RBC) are viable if kept in an adequate preservative solution, although gradual changes in morphology and metabolism may occur. There is a gradual decrease in adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) cocentration, pH, glucose consumption, and enzyme activity during preservation. The normal discocyte shapes are initially replaced by echimocytes and stomatocytes and, at final stages, by spherocytes, the last before eplenic sequestration. Post-transfusional survival has been correlated with the ATP concentration. RBC preserved in ADSOL, a solution containing adenine, dextrose, sodium chloride, and mannitol, are viable for transfusion for up to 6 weeks. Erythrocytes from 10 blood units taken from healthy adult donors were preserved for 12 weeks in ADSOL at 4 graus Celsius. We now report a significant correlation (r2 = 0.98) between the percentage of discocytes (89 to 7 percent) and ATP (100 to 10 percent) concentration in ADSOL-preserved RBC. The results suggest that the percent of discocyte shapes used as an indicator OF ATP concentration may be a useful indicator for quality control of RBC viability in centers which have limited assay facilites.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adenosina Trifosfato/sangre , Conservación de la Sangre , Transfusión Sanguínea , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , FotomicrografíaRESUMEN
In order to search for any difference in riboflavin and pyridoxine nutrition between term appropriate for gestational age (TAGA), term small for gestational age (TSGA) and preterm appropriate for gestational age (PTAGA) newborns, cord blood from 23, 19 and 20 infants, respectively, were studied, and red cell glutathione reductase (riboflavin-dependent) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (pyridoxine-dependent) activities were measured, as well as their respective activity coefficients (GRase AC and GOT AC). Red cell enzymes were assayed according to BEUTLER [4] in a Gilford recording spectrophotometer model 2451 at 37 degrees C. Values of 1.42, 1.39 and 1.32 of GRase AC and values of 1.17, 1.02 and 1.08 GOT AC, respectively were obtained. These data indicate that there is no significant difference between the three categories of newborns with regard to riboflavin and pyridoxine nutrition, and suggest that neither maturity nor adequacy of intrauterine growth were related to differences in the availability of these vitamins. All groups demonstrate a uniform mild deficiency of riboflavin and an adequate level of pyridoxine, probably the effect of maternal diet.
Asunto(s)
Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Peso al Nacer , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Edad Gestacional , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Recién Nacido/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/enzimología , Humanos , Embarazo , Piridoxina/fisiología , Riboflavina/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Com o propósito de determinar o estado nutricional de cavalos Puro-Sangue Inglês (PSI) em relaçäo à riboflavina (vitamina B2) e à piridoxina (vitamina B6), 10 animais adultos e 30 recém-nascidos foram investigados. Foi observado um bom estado nutricional quanto à riboflavina, notando-se moderada deficiência de piridoxina nos animais adultos, mas näo nos recém-nascidos. Estes fatos sugerem que os animais adultos devam receber suplementaçäo com piridoxina
Asunto(s)
Animales , Recién Nacido , Adulto , Aspartato Aminotransferasas , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glutatión Reductasa , Caballos/sangre , Piridoxina , RiboflavinaRESUMEN
As the available hemoglobin A1 at birth ranges from 20 to 30% a possible mechanism to favor oxygen release to the tissues could be a decrease of hemoglobin A1 affinity to oxygen. This may be accomplished by an increase in blood pH soon after birth and by an elevation in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). This hypothesis is supported by Valleri and Hirsch, who described a rapid 2,3-DPG recovery of transfused depleted 2,3-DPG red cells. That being so, we carried out this current study by assaying the 2,3-DPG of cord blood from 22 newborns and at 6, 24 and 72 hours after birth, as well as those enzymes assumed to be envolved in the 2,3-DPG levels regulation. 2,3-DPG (nmoles g-1 Hb) demonstrated the following values: cord blood: 9,770 +/- 1,026; 6h: 12,773 +/- 1,726; 72 h: 11,990 +/- 728, unveiling a distinct behavior of a sharp increase of 30% by the sixth hour. This confirmed our hypothesis. Regarding the metabolic mechanisms which can account for the 2,3-DPG increase, besides the rise of blood pH, we detected a significant decrease of the 2,3-DPG phosphatase activity, which might diminish the 2,3-DPG breakdown.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Difosfoglicéricos/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , 2,3-Difosfoglicerato , Sangre Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Recién Nacido , CinéticaRESUMEN
Haptoglobin assay, a highly sensitive method to detect intravascular hemolysis was carried out in the sera of 19 patients referred to Hospital Vital Brazil with the cutaneous form of loxoscelism in order to investigate the occurrence of mild intravascular hemolysis. Data from this series did not show decreased levels haptoglobin, ruling out intravascular hemolysis in these patients with cutaneous form of loxoscelism.
Asunto(s)
Hemólisis , Enfermedades de la Piel/sangre , Picaduras de Arañas/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Haptoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Piel/fisiopatología , Picaduras de Arañas/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Three hundred and sixty-three pregnant women enrolled in the Pregnancy Medical Care Program of S. Paulo Health Department in the district of Butantan, S. Paulo city, Brazil, were studied at their first routine consultation between April and October, 1988. Their average age was 25 and 65.9% of them belonged to families with a monthly income below US$50.00 per capita. Only 3.1% presented an income above US$150.00 per capita. Taking the minimum transferrin saturation threshold of 15% as determining iron deficiency, a 4.6% prevalence of iron deficiency was observed in the first trimester, 17.3% in the second trimester and 42.8% in the third trimester, resulting in an overall prevalence of 12.4%. There was no significant difference between prevalences of iron deficiency according to the number of pregnancies. The prevalence of iron deficiency was higher in women presenting incomes below US$50.00 per capita.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hipocrómica/epidemiología , Deficiencias de Hierro , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Adulto , Anemia Hipocrómica/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Deficiencia de Ácido Fólico/sangre , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Hierro/sangre , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/sangre , Atención Prenatal , Prevalencia , Factores Socioeconómicos , Transferrina/análisisRESUMEN
481 pregnant women attended at first consultation from a São Paulo city suburb-subdistrict of Butantan-São Paulo State, Brazil, from April to October of 1988, were investigated regarding the prevalence of verminosis. The mean age was 24.5 years (range 14-46), the average family income was 0.97 PCMW (per capita minimum wage) and the average number of members of the family was 4 (1 to 15). The verminosis prevalence was 45.1% among the women. The most frequent parasites were: Ascaris lumbricoides (19.0%), ancilostomídeos (16.7%) and Trichuris trichiura (15.9%). The verminosis prevalence was significantly higher among the pregnant women (p < 0.05) who belonged to the families with income below 0.5 PCMW and greater than 4 members.
Asunto(s)
Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/epidemiología , Infecciones por Protozoos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Atención Ambulatoria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Eucariontes/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Helmintiasis/parasitología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/parasitología , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/parasitología , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
An apparently new X-linked syndrome is presented. It occurred in four male first cousins. The main manifestations of this syndrome are severe mental retardation, bilateral congenital hip luxation, and short stature. Three of the affected males showed a new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant.