RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of secondary dengue virus (DENV) infections during the 2009 outbreak in a non-endemic area. Viral loads were evaluated in serum from acute-phase patients, comparing primary and secondary infection. METHODS: Serum samples from patients with clinical diagnosis of suspected dengue were referred to the Virology Laboratory at 'Ricardo Gutiérrez' Children's Hospital. Dengue-positive samples were classified as primary or secondary DENV infections through serological methods (anti-DENV IgM and IgG). Viral loads were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in samples obtained in the first 5 days of infection. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate factors that might correlate with differences in the viral load of primary or secondary infection. RESULTS: A total of 229 DENV cases were confirmed; among them, 22.7% were secondary infections. No significant differences were found between the viral load of primary and secondary infections. CONCLUSION: We detected a high percentage of secondary DENV infections in a non-endemic area; this finding might correspond to socio-demographic characteristics of the group under study or indicate a previous cryptic DENV circulation causing inapparent infections.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The human adenovirus (HAdV) types most commonly found in respiratory samples belong to HAdV species C (HAdV-C1, -C2, -C5, and -C6) and to HAdV species B (HAdV-B3 and -B7). Several studies in South America have shown the association between severe respiratory infections and subspecies B1. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the adenovirus types associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children, found as single or coinfections, throughout a 12-year period. STUDY DESIGN: All samples that tested positive for adenovirus by immunofluorescence assay from January 1999 to December 2010 were typed by evaluating a set of four viral genes (E1A, VA, hexon and fiber). Quantitative PCRs for HAdV-B and HAdV-C species were performed to compare the viral load found in single infections and coinfections. RESULTS: From a total of 743 HAdV, 654 (88%) were single infections and 89 (12%) coinfections. From the 654 single HAdV infections, members of four species were present: species B (n=492, 75.23%), species C (n=138, 21.1%), species E (n=19, 2.91%), and species D (n=5, 0.76%). Only members of species B (n=109, 57.67%) and species C (n=80, 42.33%) were detected in coinfections. HAdV-B7 and HAdV-B3 were the most prevalent types (n=308, 36.54%; n=230, 27.28% respectively) and HAdV-C1, -C2, -E4, -C5, -C6, -D8, -B11, -B14 and -B21 were also detected. Viral loads for species C viruses were higher in single infections than in coinfections (p<0.01), whereas the opposite was observed for species B viruses (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a thorough description of adenovirus circulation and diversity in Buenos Aires in a 12-year period. The high proportion of coinfections found in this work shows that this phenomenom might be more common than expected.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiología , Adenovirus Humanos/clasificación , Adenovirus Humanos/genética , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/virología , Adenovirus Humanos/aislamiento & purificación , Adenovirus Humanos/fisiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Línea Celular , Preescolar , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Tipificación Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Carga ViralRESUMEN
El cáncer linfoepitelial del cuello uterino es excepcional en nuestro continente, el propósito de la presente publicación es evaluar la etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de un caso clínico. El estudio anátomo-patológico ofreció ciertas dificultades, por lo que se recurrió a la inmunohistoquímica para hacer el diagnóstico diferencial con el carcinoma epidermoide, el carcinoide de células grandes y el linfoma anaplásico. El compromiso del virus de Epstein-Barr y el virus del Papiloma Humano, con el cáncer linfoepitelial, no fueron con-cluyentes. Se encontró tinción positiva granular en el citoplasma de células epiteliodeas aisladas en relación al primero, e indicios de daño coilocitico en el epitelio pavimentoso en relación al segundo. La enfermedad se presentó como lesión única sangrante en el labio anterior del cuello uterino. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico con erradicación completa, lo que favorece el pronóstico.
Linfoepitelial cancer of the cervix is exceptional in our continent. The purpose of this publication is to evaluate the etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Anatomical and pathological study offered certain difficulties; immunohistochemistry was used to make the differential diagnosis with squamous carcinoma, large cell carcinoid and anaplastic lymphoma. Compromise of Epstein - Barr virus and virus of Human Papilloma, with linfoepitelial cancer, were not conclusive. We found positive granular staining in the cytoplasm of isolated epithelioid cells in relation to the first virus and koilocytic damage of the squamous epithelium in regard to the second. The disease was presented as unique, bloody injury, in the anterior lip of the cervix. The treatment was surgical with complete eradication, which favors the prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/cirugía , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , InmunohistoquímicaRESUMEN
An influenza pandemic caused by swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm) spread worldwide in 2009, with 12,080 confirmed cases and 626 deaths occurring in Argentina. A total of 330 H1N1pdm viruses were detected from May to August 2009, and phylogenetic and genetic analyses of 21 complete genome sequences from both mild and fatal cases were achieved with reference to concatenated whole genomes. In addition, the analysis of another 16 hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M) gene sequences of Argentinean isolates was performed. The microevolution timeline was assessed and resistance monitoring of an NA fragment from 228 samples throughout the 2009 pandemic peak was performed by sequencing and pyrosequencing. We also assessed the viral growth kinetics for samples with replacements at the genomic level or special clinical features. In this study, we found by Bayesian inference that the Argentinean complete genome sequences clustered with globally distributed clade 7 sequences. The HA sequences were related to samples from the northern hemisphere autumn-winter from September to December 2009. The NA of Argentinean sequences belonged to the New York group. The N-4 fragment as well as the hierarchical clustering of samples showed that a consensus sequence prevailed in time but also that different variants, including five H275Y oseltamivir-resistant strains, arose from May to August 2009. Fatal and oseltamivir-resistant isolates had impaired growth and a small plaque phenotype compared to oseltamivir-sensitive and consensus strains. Although these strains might not be fit enough to spread in the entire population, molecular surveillance proved to be essential to monitor resistance and viral dynamics in our country.
Asunto(s)
Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Gripe Humana/virología , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Animales , Antivirales/farmacología , Argentina/epidemiología , Línea Celular , Perros , Farmacorresistencia Viral , Evolución Molecular , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/crecimiento & desarrollo , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/patología , Epidemiología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oseltamivir/farmacología , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ensayo de Placa Viral , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the IFNbeta1a-regulated gene expression on leukocytes of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients using microarrays with whole human genome representation. METHODS: Genes differentially expressed by interferon-beta were identified by a microarray in vitro study performed in leukocytes obtained from 5 MS relapsing-remitting patients. RESULTS: Following the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS relapsing-remitting patients for 24 hs with IFNbeta1a, the expression of 868 genes was modified: 545 increased (including CXCL11, CCL8, INDO, IFI27, CFB, CXCL10 and IFIT1) and 323 diminished (including RBP7, SEPT5, RNF8, ADORA2B and FOS). CONCLUSIONS: Since many of them were previously recognized as involved in MS pathogenesis, the IFNbeta1a mechanism of action could imply a compensatory regulation of systems deregulated in MS.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón beta/farmacología , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Interferón beta-1a , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Recombinant human interferon-beta (IFN-b) is a well-established treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The regulatory process for marketing authorization of biosimilars is currently under debate in certain countries. In the EU, EMEA has clearly defined the process including overarching and product-specific guidelines, which includes clinical testing. Biosimilarity needs to be based on comparability criteria, including at least molecular characterization, biological activity relevant for the therapeutic effect and relative bioavailability ("bioequivalence"). In the case of such complex diseases as MS, where the effect of treatment is not so directly measurable, in vitro tools can provide additional data to support comparability. Genomic microarrays assays might be useful to compare multisource biopharmaceuticals. The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacodynamic genomic effects (in terms of transcriptional regulation) of two recombinant human IFN-I(2)1a preparations on lymphocytes of multiple sclerosis patients using a whole genome microarray assay. METHODS: We performed an ex vivo whole genome expression profiling of the effect of two preparations of IFN-I(2)1a on non-adherent mononuclears from five relapsing-remitting MS patients analyzing microarrays (CodeLink Human Whole Genome). Patients blood was drawn, PBMCs isolated and cultured in three different conditions: culture medium (control), 1,000 U/ml of IFN-I(2)1a (BLA- (STOFERON, Bio Sidus) and 1,000 U/ml of IFN-I(2)1a (REBIF, Serono) RNA was purified from non-adherent cells (mostly lymphocytes), amplified and hybridized. Raw data were generated by CodeLink proprietary software. Data normalization, quality control and analysis of differential gene expression between treatments were done using linear model for microarray data. Functional annotation analysis of IFN-I(2)1a MS treatment transcription was done using DAVID. RESULTS: Out of the approximately 45,000 human sequences examined, no evidence of differential regulation was found when both treatments were compared (minimum adjusted p-value > 0.999). The IFN-I(2)1a effect differentially regulated the expression of 868 genes. The expression of standard markers such as GTP cyclohidrolase, MxA, and OAS isoenzymes A and B changed as a consequence of the action of IFN-I(2)1a. CONCLUSIONS: This exhaustive and highly sensitive assay did not show differences in the genomic expression profile of these two products under the assayed experimental conditions. These results suggest that this technology might be useful for the initial comparison of biosimilars, being part of a comprehensive comparability program that includes clinical testing.
Asunto(s)
Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Interferón beta/farmacología , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis por Conglomerados , Biología Computacional/métodos , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Femenino , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Interferón beta-1a , Interferón beta/genética , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Correlacionar histológicamente las biopsias del legrado uterino con las biopsias de las piezas de histerectomía en pacientes con hiperplasia endometrial (HE). Método: Se diagnosticaron con biopsia de legrado uterino 90 pacientes con HE entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2005. De estas pacientes, 46 correspondieron a HE con atipia (grupo 1) y 44 a HE sin atipia (grupo 2). Todas las pacientes del grupo 1 se sometieron a histerectomía total más salpingooforectomía bilateral. A 28 pacientes del grupo 2 se les realizó la misma cirugía por patologías ginecológicas asociadas. Se compararon los resultados de las biopsias pre y postoperatorias de las 74 pacientes operadas, evaluándose la concordancia entre ellas. Resultados: En la biopsia de la pieza de histerectomía del grupo 1 se observan 31 casos con HE con atipia (67,4 por ciento), 13 casos (28,3 por ciento) sin atipias y 2 casos (4,3 por ciento) de cáncer endometrial. En el grupo 2 hubo 16 casos (57,1 por ciento) con HE sin atipia, 10 casos (35,7 por ciento) con endometrio normal y 2 (7,1 por ciento) casos de HE con atipia. La concordancia fue de un 63 por ciento (p=0,000) entre ambas biopsias y resultó significativamente más baja en el subgrupo de pacientes que presentaban atipias en la biopsia preoperatorio, respecto a las pacientes sin atipias (p=0,028). El likehood ratio de la biopsia preoperatorio de pacientes con HE con atipias fue de 33,2. Conclusión: El diagnóstico con biopsia preoperatoria por legrado, de las pacientes con HE, tuvo una precisión aceptable en comparación a la biopsia de la pieza operatoria, apoyando su utilidad en el manejo de estas pacientes.
Objective: To evaluate the hystopathologic correlation between curettage and hysterectomy specimens in patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Methods: 90 patients were diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia in curettage specimens between January 2001 and December 2005. Of these patients 46 were found to have atypical hyperplasia (group 1) and 44 hyperplasia without atypias (group 2). All the patients in group 1 had a total hysterectomy plus bilateral anexectomy; 28 patients of group 2 had the same surgery because of associate gynecological pathology. Curettage and hysterectomy specimens of 74 patients were compared and evaluated the concordance between them. Results: Of hysterectomy specimens in group 1, 31 cases had atypical hyperplasia (67.4 percent), 13 cases (28.3 percent) hyperplasia without atypias and 2 cases (4.3 percent) with endometrial carcinoma. In group 2, 16 cases (57.1 percent) of hyperplasia without atypias, 10 cases (35.7 percent) with normal endometrium and 2 (7.1 percent) cases of atypical hyperplasia were found. The agreement of the hysto-pathological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia between both biopsies was 63 percent (p=0.000) and it was significantly lower in the subgroup of patients that had atypias on the curettage biopsy with respect to the patients with hyperplasia with no atypias (p=0.028). The likehood ratio of the biopsy by curettage of patients with atypias was of 33.2. Conclusion: The accuracy of the curettage biopsies as compared with hysterectomy specimens in patients with endometrial hyperplasia was acceptable, supporting its usefulness in the management of these patients.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Histerectomía , Hiperplasia Endometrial/cirugía , Hiperplasia Endometrial/patología , Biopsia , Endometrio/patología , Periodo PosoperatorioAsunto(s)
Adenovirus Humanos/fisiología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Epiteliales/virología , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Fase S/genéticaRESUMEN
Se presenta caso clínico de tumor borderline mucinoso gigante de ovario derecho operado. Se describe una breve revisión de la literatura, incluyendo los conceptos de microinvasión, arquitectura micropapilar, implantes, así como algunas características de su patogenia y tratamiento.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Cistoadenoma Mucinoso/cirugía , Cistoadenoma Mucinoso/diagnóstico , Cistoadenoma Mucinoso/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Lesiones Precancerosas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Se presenta un caso clínico de carcinoma escamoso de ovario bilateral, derivado de un teratoma quístico maduro de ovario derecho, en paciente de 41 años, que ingresó de urgencia por dolor y aumento de volumen pélvico. Se efectuó histerectomía total más salpingooforectomía bilateral, omentectomía infracólica, apendicectomía, citología líquido peritoneal y resección parcial de tumor en fondo de saco de Douglas que comprometía el recto. Fue derivada a centro oncológico, se efectuó nueva cirugía y quimioterapia complementaria. Fallece a los 7 meses de su cirugía inicial.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Teratoma , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Resultado Fatal , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica del mecanismo de infección y transformación neoplásica producida por el virus papiloma humano, de alto riesgo oncogénico, en el epitelio cervical. Se expone la interacción cápside receptor, internalización celular, expresión de genes tempranos, integración del genoma viral al de la célula huésped y algunos mecanismos vinculados a la proliferación y desarrollo neoplásico.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/genética , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Células Epiteliales/patología , Células Epiteliales/virología , Lesiones Precancerosas/genética , Lesiones Precancerosas/virología , Genoma Viral , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Papillomaviridae/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to persistent measles virus infection, with high level of measles-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To analyze whether such response arises from a TH2-biased response, the authors determined TH1 (interferon [IFN]-gamma) and TH2 (interleukin [IL]-4 and IL-10) cytokines in CSF, taken at diagnosis, of eight SSPE patients (median age, 57.5 month, range 42 to 76 months). All patients presented IL-10 (median 29.3 pg/ml, range 4.3 to 162 pg/ml), but not IL-4 (<10 pg/ml); only one case showed IFN-gamma (162 pg/ml). These results are consistent with a TH2 bias or with a local, anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective mechanism involving IL-10.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-10/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Panencefalitis Esclerosante Subaguda/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Panencefalitis Esclerosante Subaguda/inmunología , Edad de Inicio , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Interferón gamma/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Interleucina-4/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Masculino , Virus del Sarampión/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Se reporta un caso excepcional de hidatidosis ovárica en una paciente joven, con esterilidad primaria. Se evalúan los métodos de diagnóstico, el tratamiento, la evolución clínica y el posible efecto en la fertilidad.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Equinococosis/complicaciones , Equinococosis/diagnóstico , Equinococosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infertilidad Femenina/parasitología , Quistes Ováricos/parasitología , Quistes Ováricos/patología , Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Evolución Clínica , Dolor Pélvico/parasitología , Mebendazol/uso terapéutico , Ovario/patologíaRESUMEN
Se evaluó el manejo de 13 pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa idiopática y mastitis de células plasmáticas, tratadas en el Hospital Félix Bulnes, por un período de tres años. Se estudió la relación con la edad, anticoncepción, embarazo, lactancia y la atopia. Se evaluaron las limitaciones de la mamografía y de la ecotomografía mamaria y el uso de la biopsia trucut. Se compararon los resultados del tratamiento médico y quirúrgico.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Granuloma , Mastitis/diagnóstico , Mastitis/terapia , Biopsia/métodos , Mamografía , Mastitis/patología , Ultrasonografía MamariaRESUMEN
Nucleoprotein (N) and Haemagglutinin (H) genes from measles viruses isolated from Argentina before and after the 1993 and 1998 massive vaccination campaigns were characterised to determine genetic variations that occurred from 1991 to 1999. Measles viruses from the 1991-94 period were clustered with the C1 genotype and those from 1997-99 with D6. Genetic variations within the 1997-99 outbreak were less than 1.2% and 0.79% for the N and H sequences respectively. The C1 genotype has not been detected since 1994 and the finding that a single D6 virus was found in November 1999 demonstrates that wild type viruses are still circulating among a partially covered population.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Virus del Sarampión/genética , Sarampión/virología , Argentina , Secuencia de Bases , Brotes de Enfermedades , Genes Virales , Hemaglutininas Virales/genética , Humanos , Sarampión/epidemiología , Virus del Sarampión/aislamiento & purificación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside , Nucleoproteínas/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Epidemiological and clinical findings from 1162 serologically confirmed measles cases occurring in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1997 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. From 90 hospitalized children, measles virus was detected by direct RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal secretions. Patients were grouped as follows: (i) not vaccinated: infants < 12 months; (ii) regularly vaccinated: children 1-4 years not covered by the last catch-up; (iii) catch-up vaccinated: patients 5-19 years immunized during the 1993 campaign. Most cases were recorded in non-vaccinated infants (54%), and the lowest in catch-up vaccinated children (16%). Mean age of the 90 hospitalized children was 11.3 months. Pneumonia was the major hospitalization cause followed by pneumonitis. Two children required intensive care and one died. The 1993 catch-up campaign seemed to reduce the number of cases in the 5- to 19-year-old group. Lack of timely follow-up probably led to the accumulation of susceptible individuals allowing measles re-emergence. Direct viral detection by RT-PCR proved to be a sensitive tool for molecular epidemiology surveillance.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Sarampión/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Tiempo de Internación , Sarampión/diagnóstico , Sarampión/virología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/epidemiología , Nasofaringe/virología , Neumonía/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sepsis/epidemiología , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Sequence analysis was performed on 50 measles viruses (MV) isolated in Argentina. Forty-six were obtained during the current outbreak (1997-1998), three from the previous outbreak (1991) and one sporadic case (1994). A 377-bp fragment of the hemagglutinin (H) gene was directly amplified by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal secretions. Nucleotides 8152 to 8417 were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Multiple silent changes and point mutations were found in all MVs. In 1991, substitutions affected the third base in codons resulting in silent changes. In 1994 an A-->C substitution at position 8321 changed amino acids 351 (Leu-->Ile). In 1997-1998, an A-->G substitution at position 8339 changed amino acids 357 (Val-->Ile). In 3/46 viruses, guanine deletion at position 8205 changed the reading frame and insertion of an extra cytosine at nucleotide 8235 shifted it back to the original frame. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that viruses leading to the last two major outbreaks are clustered into two separate branches. MVs that prevailed until 1994 were related to genotype C1 and MVs of the current outbreak to D6. Random drift mutations rendered a 0.5 ratio of nonsilent over silent mutations in most of the MVs analyzed. However, in those showing a reading frame shift, the ratio was greater than 1, suggesting that it was driven by immune selection.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Hemaglutininas Virales/genética , Virus del Sarampión/genética , Sarampión/virología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Argentina/epidemiología , Variación Genética , Hemaglutininas Virales/química , Humanos , Sarampión/epidemiología , Virus del Sarampión/aislamiento & purificación , Virus del Sarampión/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Filogenia , Mutación Puntual , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
Los galactoceles se hacen semisólidos a medida que evolucionan; por lo tanto; la clínica, la imagenología y la citopatología sufren algunos cambios. Por estas razones los hemos clasificados en tres estadios. Estadio I, o agudo, de contenido líquido y aspecto uniforme. Estadio II, o intermedio, con contenido líquido y semisólido, de aspecto mixto. Estadio III, o crónico, de contenido semisólido y aspecto grumoso. La ecotomografía mamaria revela imagen anecogénica en el estadio I, mixta en el II e hipoecogénica en el III. La mamografía en los estadios I y II ocacionan dudas diagnósticas por lo que requieren complemento ecotomográfico, no así en el estadio III, donde las imagenes son propias: presencia de cápsula, fondo grumoso como copos de nieve y a veces calcificaciones gruesas. La citopatología también muestra variaciones en los diferentes estadios. Los galactoceles estudiados tenían como antecedentes embarazo y lactancia
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Enfermedades de la Mama/clasificación , Trastornos de la Lactancia/clasificación , Enfermedades de la Mama/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Mama/patología , Enfermedad Fibroquística de la Mama/clasificación , Mamografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
Se presenta dos casos clínicos: linfoma y sarcoma de la mama, analizando las dificultades del diagnóstico clínico, imagenológico e histológico
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Linfoma no Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Biopsia con Aguja , Inmunohistoquímica , Linfoma no Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Mastectomía Radical , Sarcoma/cirugía , Ultrasonografía MamariaRESUMEN
Se presenta el caso clínico y estudio histopatológico de una variedad infrecuente de carcinoma de endometrio: carcinoma de células gigantes