RESUMEN
A 60-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department of our hospital with right-sided chest wall pain and a palpable subcutaneous cord-like structure along the right anterior chest wall. Examination revealed tenderness over the cord-like structure, and the skin overlying the structure was freely mobile and did not have any sign of infection or inflammation. Bedside ultrasonography revealed an uncompressible tubular structure with the absence of a color Doppler flow signal. The patient's presentation was suggestive of Mondor's disease. The patient was discharged with instructions to utilize anti-inflammatory drugs, perform warm compresses, and seek primary care follow-up to ensure resolution. Mondor's disease is a rare disorder characterized by a superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the chest wall. For its diagnosis, a thorough examination of the patient's medical history and physical condition is suggested; further, the performance of point-of-care ultrasonography has also been suggested. Once recognized, further emergency department workup is typically unnecessary in cases of primary Mondor's disease. Despite being a mostly self-limited condition, greater awareness of this rare disease entity is required to ensure and coordinate close outpatient follow-up as well as monitor resolution due to its association with secondary causes such as vascular and breast carcinoma, vasculitis, and hypercoagulable disorders.
RESUMEN
Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) fractures and fracture-dislocations are common hand injuries and recognition of this injury pattern is essential in the management of these fractures. Although a variety of treatment options have been reported in the literature, the optimal treatment remains controversial. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library Database were screened for treatment strategies of PIPJ fracture and fracture-dislocation. Demographic data and outcome data were collected and recorded. A total of 37 studies including 471 patients and 480 fingers were reviewed. PIPJ range of motion (ROM) was greatest postoperatively in patients who underwent volar plate arthroplasty at 90.6 degrees. Dynamic external fixation resulted in the lowest PIP joint ROM with an average of 79.7 degrees. Recurrent pain and osteoarthritis were most often reported in extension block pinning at 38.5 and 46.2%, respectively. Open reduction and internal fixation had the highest rate of revision at 19.7%. Overall, the outcomes of PIP fractures and fracture-dislocations are based on the severity of injury, and the necessary treatment required. Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning and volar plate arthroplasty had good clinical and functional outcomes, with the lowest complication rates. Hemi-hamate arthroplasty and dynamic external fixation were utilized in more complex injuries and resulted in the lowest PIPJ ROM. This is a therapeutic, Level III study.