RESUMEN
The authors report four patients suffering from multicentric intraparenchymatous malignant glioma lesions located in different regions of the brain. The incidence of multiple, separated, independent, non-connected neuroepithelial tumors in the same patient is rare, although a discrepancy exists in the literature with regard to its real incidence. There is also controversy with respect to the histological composition of these tumors. In some cases, identical histopathological composition has been found, while in others different cellular patterns are present. Several hypotheses have been put forward to try to explain the occurrence of multicentric glioma tumor in the same patient. They consist of disseminations (through white matter tracts, cerebrospinal fluid pathways, or metastatic satellites around the vicinity of the tumor) or simultaneous development of different tumors, independent from each other.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Glioma/diagnóstico , Glioma/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Large quantities of lignocellulosic residues result from the industrial production of essential oil from vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) roots. These residues could be used for the production of activated carbon. The yield of char obtained after vetiver roots pyrolysis follows an equation recently developed [A. Ouensanga, L. Largitte, M.A. Arsene, The dependence of char yield on the amounts of components in precursors for pyrolysed tropical fruit stones and seeds, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 59 (2003) 85-91]. The N(2) adsorption isotherm follows either the Freundlich law K(F)P(alpha) which is the small alpha equation limit of a Weibull shaped isotherm or the classical BET isotherm. The surface area of the activated carbons are determined using the BET method. The K(F) value is proportional to the BET surface area. The alpha value increases slightly when the burn-off increases and also when there is a clear increase in the micropore distribution width.
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Carbono/química , Chrysopogon , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Raíces de Plantas/química , Residuos , Adsorción , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Calor , Azul de Metileno/química , Nitrógeno/química , Oxidación-Reducción , Fenol/química , Porosidad , Vapor , Propiedades de Superficie , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
En este trabajo se intenta demostrar la eficacia o inocuidad de la quimionucleolisis en el tratamiento de la hernia discal como alternativa a la cirugía convencional. Para ello se seleccionó un grupo de 91 pacientes a los cuales se aplica dicha técnica, consistente en la inyección bajo control radiológico y mediante punción intradiscal, del enzima quiomiopapaína en el núcleo pulposo, con el fin de conseguir la disolución química del mismo. Se valora la respuesta clínica al tratamiento, así como radiológica, al mes a los 6 meses del mismo, practicándose radiografía de columna vertebral para valorar las curvas de presión intradiscales. De los 91 pacientes seleccionados, se obtuvieron resultados excelentes en 25 casos (29.41 por ciento), Buenos en 37 casos (43.52 por ciento), aceptables en 11 casos (12.94 por ciento), malos en 5 casos (5.88 por ciento), apreciándose correlación entre la disminución del volumen intradiscal y los resultados clínicos obtenidos.
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quimiólisis del Disco Intervertebral , Disco Intervertebral , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral , Costa RicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress and inflammation induce the expression of heme oxygenase-1, which produces carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide (NO). Exhaled CO and NO levels are elevated in asthmatic patients and are decreased after corticosteroid treatment, suggesting that they may be useful as noninvasive markers of airway inflammation. STUDY DESIGN: We measured forced expiratory volume in the first second, PC(20), and exhaled CO and NO levels in 29 children (18 boys, mean age 11.5 +/- 0.53 years) with asthma of different severity and 40 nonsmoking children without asthma (21 boys, mean age 8.1 +/- 0.35 years). We also studied whether upper respiratory tract infections were associated with elevated exhaled CO. RESULTS: Exhaled CO levels (ppm) were significantly higher (2.17 +/- 0.21) in children with persistent asthma compared with those in children with infrequent episodic asthma (1.39 +/- 0.18, P <.05) and healthy children (1.01 +/- 0.12, P <.001). The CO levels in children with infrequent episodic asthma and the normal control group, however, were not different. In contrast, exhaled NO levels (ppb) were higher in children with persistent asthma (24.2 +/- 5.9, P <.001) and infrequent episodic asthma (14.5 +/- 3.73, P <.05) than in normal subjects (5.1 +/- 0.24), but no significant difference was seen between the 2 asthmatic groups. In healthy children with upper respiratory tract infections (n = 12), exhaled CO concentrations were significantly elevated (2.16 +/- 0.33) during the acute symptomatic phase. No correlation was found between exhaled CO and forced expiratory volume in the first second or PC(20). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive measurement of exhaled CO may provide complementary data for assessment of asthma control in children. However, elevated CO levels are nonspecific and may be found in association with an acute viral illness.
Asunto(s)
Asma/diagnóstico , Monóxido de Carbono/análisis , Asma/metabolismo , Pruebas Respiratorias , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/metabolismoRESUMEN
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the principal form of brain injury in the premature infant, is characterized by overt focal necrotic lesions in periventricular white matter and less prominent, more diffuse cerebral white matter injury. The early detection of the latter, diffuse component of PVL is not consistently possible with conventional brain imaging techniques. We demonstrate the early detection of the diffuse component of PVL by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). In a premature infant with no definite cerebral abnormality detectable by cranial ultrasonography or conventional magnetic resonance imaging, DWI showed a striking bilateral decrease in water diffusion in cerebral white matter. The DWI abnormality (ie, decreased apparent diffusion coefficient) was similar to that observed with acute cerebral ischemic lesions in adults. At 10 weeks of age, conventional magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography showed striking changes consistent with PVL, including the presence of small cysts. The observations indicate the importance of DWI in the early identification of the diffuse component of PVL and also perhaps the role of ischemia in the pathogenesis of the lesion.
Asunto(s)
Leucomalacia Periventricular/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido PrematuroRESUMEN
We report the development of spastic diplegia in infants during the course of interferon Alfa-2a (IFN) therapy for potentially life-endangering hemangiomas. Five infants who displayed diplegia were selected from a group of 26 infants treated with IFN. Diplegia persisted in three infants, and in the remaining two significant recovery occurred after IFN was discontinued. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no significant brain or spinal abnormalities except minor to moderate delayed myelination in two patients. Myelination was normal on subsequent radiographic examination in all five patients. We conclude that IFN can adversely affect the immature central nervous system and produce spastic diplegia, which is potentially reversible. We recommend careful clinical assessment of neurodevelopmental status during IFN therapy.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis Cerebral/etiología , Hemangioma/terapia , Interferón-alfa/efectos adversos , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Interferón alfa-2 , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMEN
Phenylketonuria (PKU) produces white matter changes identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging. These changes occur postnatally. Offspring of untreated mothers with PKU also have a brain effect, expressed as microcephaly and mental retardation. This effect occurs prenatally. To determine whether the white matter changes seen in PKU are also present in maternal PKU offspring, despite the different developmental stages of exposure to PKU, we performed brain magnetic resonance imaging studies in seven maternal PKU offspring, five from essentially untreated pregnancies and two from treated pregnancies. None had white matter changes, although the one offspring with PKU had delayed myelination. However, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum was present in three of the four offspring from untreated pregnancies and in the offspring from a maternal PKU pregnancy not treated until the third trimester. Unlike PKU, white matter changes are not a feature of the brain effect in maternal PKU. However, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is a feature of maternal PKU and is probably a result of inhibition of corpus callosum development at 8 to 20 weeks of gestation. The hypoplastic corpus callosum could be a marker for brain effect in maternal PKU and may have implications for the cognitive deficits in these offspring.
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Encéfalo/patología , Discapacidad Intelectual/genética , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Microcefalia/genética , Madres , Fenilcetonurias/genética , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Adolescente , Agenesia del Cuerpo Calloso , Niño , Cuerpo Calloso/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnóstico , Discapacidad Intelectual/prevención & control , Masculino , Microcefalia/diagnóstico , Microcefalia/prevención & control , Fenilalanina/administración & dosificación , Fenilcetonurias/diagnóstico , Fenilcetonurias/dietoterapia , EmbarazoRESUMEN
A case of melioidosis is described in a patient from Mexico. The cases that have been previously reported to originate in the western hemisphere are critically reviewed. The clinician must be aware of this rare disease because its treatment is quite different from that of other gram-negative infections.