RESUMEN
Para o correto diagnóstico e tratamento da doença periodontal precisamos usar as classificações da doença periodontal. A mais recente foi proposta pela Academia Americana de Periodontia em conjunto com a Federação Europeia de Periodontia. Para a assimilação dos conceitos estabelecidos precisamos avaliar criticamente as informações que foram trazidas pelo consenso realizado há quase 6 anos. O objetivo do presente estudo é revisar o tópico periodontite da classificação, de forma a colaborar para o entendimento dessa doença pelos estudantes de graduação.
The periodontal diseases classifications are important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. The most recent classification was proposed by the American Academy of Periodontology in a consensus with the European Federation of Periodontology. For the assimilation of the established concepts, a critical evaluation of the information that was brought by the consensus almost 6 years ago, must be performed. The objective of the present study is to review the periodontitis topic of the new classification, in order to contribute to the understanding of this disease by undergraduate students.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Periodontales/clasificación , Periodontitis , DiagnósticoRESUMEN
Background and objective: Tetracycline and its derivatives, combined with calcium phosphates, have been proposed as a delivery system to control inflammatory processes and chronic infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microspheres of alginate encapsulated minocycline-loaded nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAMINO) as a biomimetic device to carry out target-controlled drug delivery for alveolar bone repair. Methods: CHAMINO microspheres were implanted in a rat central incisor socket after 7 and 42 days. New bone was formed in both groups between 7 and 42 days of implantation. However, the bone growth was significantly higher for the CHAMINO microspheres. Results: The minocycline (MINO) loading capacity of the nanocrystaline carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanoparticles was 25.1±2.2 µg MINO/mg CHA for adsorption over 24 hrs. The alginate microspheres containing minocycline-loaded CHA were biologically active and inhibited the Enterococcus faecalis culture growth for up to seven days of the MINO release. An osteoblastic cell viability assay based on the resazurin reduction was conducted after the cells were exposed to the CHAMINO powder and CHAMINO microspheres. Thus, it was found that the alginate extracts encapsulated the minocycline-loaded CHA microspheres and did not affect the osteoblastic cell viability, while the minocycline-doped CHA powder reduced the cell viability by 90%. Conclusion: This study concluded that the alginate microspheres encapsulating the minocycline-loaded nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite exhibited combined antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis with cytocompatibility and osteoconduction properties. The significant improvement in the new bone formation after 42 days of implantation suggests that the CHAMINO microsphere has potential in clinical applications of bone regeneration.
Asunto(s)
Alginatos/química , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonatos/química , Durapatita/química , Microesferas , Minociclina/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Liberación de Fármacos , Enterococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
O presente trabalho teve por meta revisar a literatura pertinente à aplicaçäo do antibiótico tetraciclina na periodontia. Foram considerados aspectos relativos às propriedades especiais farmacológicas, efeito antibacteriano, propriedades especiais da droga, efeitos adversos e aplicaçöes clínicas. Concluiu-se com o estudo que os benefícios clínicos obtidos com a utilizaçäo da tetraciclina foram devidos a uma combinaçäo da propriedade antimicrobiana com propriedades especiais da droga. Atençäo especial foi dada para a alta concentraçäo no fluido gengival, boa substantividade, propriedades antiinflamatórias, capacidade inibitória de colagenases intersticiais e outras enzimas e inibiçäo da reabsorçäo óssea. A tetraciclina apresentou efetividade contra o actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), sendo assim relevante no tratamento da periodontite juvenil localizada (PJL). Entretanto, outros trabalhos säo necessários na seleçäo de pacientes que possam obter benefícios com a terapia adjunta com a tetraciclina